Y. Gourhant and M. Shapiro. FOG/C++: A Fragmented--Object Generator. In 1990 Usenix C++ conference, pages 63--74, March 1990.  Home/Search   Document Not in Database   Summary   Related Articles   Check

....encapsulate resources and to model the communicating entities in a distributed application. Consequently, much research effort has focused on the design of OO languages for distributed programming [4] 5] 6] as well as on extending existing OO languages with support for distributed programming [7][8][9] The overall goal of this thesis is the design and implementation of extensions to the Eiffel OO language [10] in order to allow it to be used for distributed programming. Eiffel is a strongly typed OO language that provides no direct support for distributed programming. The results of this ....

....public interface of a local proxy fragment[37] Clients are not aware of the distribution of a fragmented object, and different clients of a fragmented object may have different interfaces to the fragmented object. Language support for the fragmented object model is provided by the FOG language[8], an extension of C . A fragmented object type is defined by a class group, which is a list of one or more fragment classes. A fragment class interface consists of three parts. The public interface is the interface that clients of a fragmented object will use when interacting with an instance of ....

Y. Gourhant and M. Shapiro. FOG/C++: A Fragmented--Object Generator. In 1990 Usenix C++ conference, pages 63--74, March 1990.

....of concurrently executing threads is needed, the programmer must implement that requirement himself. fault tolerance. Availability: FOG C has been implemented on top of SOS, an object oriented operating system [192] Email address: Yvon Gourhand Gamma gourhant corto.inria.fr References: [87] [152] 2.54 Guide Developer: University of Grenoble and Bull Research Center Description: oo. Separation of interface and implementation. Inheritance. memory model. Objects are persistent and stored on secondary memory. When used, these objects are bound into the address space of a job. ....

Yvon Gourhant and Marc Shapiro. FOG/C++: a fragmented-object generator. In C++ Conf., pages 63--74, San Francisco, CA, April 1990.

.... y t i v i t c a y r a d n u o b David Croley Gamma croley mcc.com Arun Chatterjee Gamma arun mcc.com Fleng [217] Phi Phi Delta Delta H H A A Phi Phi Delta Delta H H A A hijklm y t i v i t c a y r a d n u o b Fragmented Objects, FOG C [94, 165] Phi Phi Delta Delta H H A A Phi Phi Delta Delta H H A A Phi Phi Delta Delta H H A A Phi Phi Delta Delta H H A A hijklm y t i v i t c a y r a d n u o b Yvon Gourhand Gamma gourhant corto.inria.fr Guide [73, 85, 105, 144, 146, 202] ....

Yvon Gourhant and Marc Shapiro. FOG/C++: a fragmented-object generator. In C++ Conf., pages 63--74, San Francisco, CA, April 1990.

....operations on distributed data sets. We mainly targeted tasks like parallel signal propagations, name server queries and cache invalidations in the Vote VSM system. Consequently our work has a system biased scope like early work on fragmented objects in SOS[29] with language level support (FOG[15]) for group operations. Therefore we neither rely on complex compiler technology for data parallel languages nor do we imply applications to be structured as SPMD programs. Nevertheless, medium to coarse grained data parallel computations can also be expressed with modest effort and executed ....

Yvon Gourhant and Marc Shapiro. FOG/C++: a Fragmented--Object Generator. In C++ Conference, pages 63--74, San Francisco, CA (USA), April 1990. Usenix.

....spaces per processor. Each space supports an object like manager entity, a reference to which is stored in the default name server in association with the space name. POF is targetted initially at the x kernel [6] Unix and Chorus [11] 7. 3 FOG The FOG (Fragmented Object Generator) tool [5] is a pre compiler that takes descriptions of fragmented object types, together with associated methods coded in some host language, and converts them entirely into that host language. FOG combines some typechecking with the generation of boilerplate code. To this end there is both an abstract FOG ....

Y. Gourhant and M. Shapiro. FOG/C++: a Fragmented Object Generator. In 1990 Usenix C++ Conference, pp 63--74.

....due to its hybrid nature, some restrictions are usually imposed on the language to enforce a pure object oriented style. While we are not as restrictive as Ungerer and Bic[19] which allow only for static 1 see Stroustrup[18] or Ellis and Stroustrup[6] 2 see for example Gourhant and Shapiro[9] or Ezzat[7] oe ae oe ae oe ae oe ae oe ff Omega Phi Psi async. communication passive ff Omega Phi Psi oe sync. communication active Figure 1: A snapshot of a distributed program state object creation, we too impose some restrictions on the used language ....

Yvon Gourhant and Marc Shapiro. FOG/C++: a Fragmented--Object Generator. 1990. Presented at the Usenix C++ Conference 1990.

....use of these heuristics lead to better performance than was achieved by the implementation based on full replication. However, they do not handle well situations in which the access patterns to objects vary over time. 2. 6 Fog Fragmented Objects in C Fog (for Fragmented Object Generator) [27] is yet another distributed programming language based on C , this time developed by the Sor group at Inria Rocquencourt. Rather than trying to make distribution transparent to C programmers by supporting a model in which objects are the units of distribution, Fog supports fragmented ....

Yvon Gourhant and Marc Shapiro. FOG/C++: A fragmented-object generator. In Proceedings of theUsenix C++ Conference, pages 63--74. Usenix Association, April 1990.

.... Examples of such uses are the internally parallel operating system servers offered in the Eden system [134] or in CHAOS [213, 92] and Presto [24, 23] the association of protection boundaries with certain objects as intended in Psyche [80] or the internally fragmented objects offered by Shapiro [227, 229, 98] for distributed systems, in Topologies [211] for hypercube machines, and in Distributed Shared Abstractions [57] for multiprocessor engines. Unresolved issues with object oriented operating systems include the efficient representation of object invocations, where it has become clear that not ....

Y. Gourhant and M. Shapiro. Fog/c++: a fragmented-object generator. In Proceedings of the USENIX C++ Conference, pages 63--74, April 1990.

....the Peace[12] operating system family mainly targeting tasks like parallel signal propagations, name server queries and page (in)validations in our Vote[3] VSM system. Consequently our work has a system biased scope like early work on fragmented objects in SOS[13] with language level support (FOG[5]) for group operations. Nevertheless, medium to coarse grained data parallel computations can also be expressed with modest effort and also executed efficiently. We neither rely on complex compiler technology for data parallel languages nor do we imply applications to be structured as SPMD ....

Yvon Gourhant and Marc Shapiro. FOG/C++: a Fragmented--Object Generator. In C++ Conference, pages 63--74, San Francisco, CA (USA), April 1990. Usenix.

....ffl New languages or language extensions. New languages or language extensions are designed to generate efficient code as well as to enable the user easily to write a parallel distributed program. For example, the C language is extended for parallel machines[3, 10] and distributed systems[4, 17, 9]. Most of these systems are translators to generate the C and stub code. When the original runtime system is not fit for the target machine, the stub code must be modified. However, it is often difficult to modify the translator because the translator is usually not designed for a modifiable ....

Y. Gourhant and Marc Shapiro. FOG/C++: a Fragmented-Object Generator. In 1990 USENIX C++ Conference, pp. pp.63--74, 1990.

....(GRIP) which in turns multicasts the invocation to a group of Ambassadors. Ambassadors represent the invoking client on the sites where replicas of the server are located. ROMANCE is based on the group technology provided by a platform called xAMp. Psync [24] Emerald Gaggles [4] and FOG C [14] are three other systems similar to Electra. FOG C is built on top of the experimental operating system SOS [33] Psync and Emerald Gaggle have the particularity not to be based on a system level platform to support faulttolerance through replication. The protocols that guarantee safety and ....

Y. Gourhant and M. Shapiro. FOG/C++: A Fragmented-Object Generator. In C++ Conference. Usenix, April 1990.

....the Peace[12] operating system family mainly targeting tasks like parallel signal propagations, name server queries and page (in)validations in our Vote[3] VSM system. Consequently our work has a system biased scope like early work on fragmented objects in SOS[13] with language level support (FOG[5]) for group operations. Therefore we neither rely on complex compiler technology for data parallel languages nor do we imply applications to be structured as SPMD programs. Nevertheless, medium to coarse grained data parallel computations can also be expressed with modest effort and executed ....

Yvon Gourhant and Marc Shapiro. FOG/C++: a Fragmented--Object Generator. In C++ Conference, pages 63--74, San Francisco, CA (USA), April 1990. Usenix.

.... Dual Objects To support the development of parallel (and distributed) applications as well as operating system services, Peace provides language support for distributed objects based on a novel object model supporting dual objects [42] which is reminiscent of the fragmented object model of Fog [30]. A dual object is a distributed object represented by a single prototype and one or more likenesses . The prototype maintains both the public and private state of the dual object and is typically located at a single node although it may migrate between nodes dynamically. A likeness acts both as a ....

Yvon Gourhant and Marc Shapiro. FOG/C++: A fragmented-object generator. In Proceedings of theUsenix C++ Conference [62], pages 63--74.

.... : 53 iii 1 INTRODUCTION 1 1 Introduction User demands to extend programming language semantics or introduce new notation are growing because of the need to adapt a language to paticular application domains such as parallel distributed environments[2, 4, 5, 12], real time system[11] and so on. New language notation will make it easier for users to improve program readability and maintainability. Moreover, the compiler may have a chance to generate an efficient code for a high level abstracted notation. Some researchers have implemented compilers for ....

....an active modifier of the class declaration in RTC has been introduced to describe a server object that is an active entity receiving requests and executing them. 2. New type structure In pC [4] a new structure called collection has been introduced to describe data parallel computation. In FO[5], MPC [9] and so on, a new member declaration part in the class declaration has been introduced to describe parallel distributed computing. New 2 DESIGN 3 invocation mechanisms have been designed for functions declared in these new member declaration parts. 3. New expressions and statements A ....

Y. Gourhant and Marc Shapiro. FOG/C++: a Fragmented-Object Generator. In 1990 USENIX C++ Conference, pp. pp.63--74, 1990.

....was done at INRIA. This work is currently implemented by the SOR project at INRIA, 78153 Rocquencourt, France. 1 The cost of the mechanism for handling connective objects is light: two procedure calls plus parameter marshalling unmarshalling. This is automatically handled by the FOG compiler [6]. replicated object client3 client2 reliable storage object logging channel object interface object data object data object interface Node B Node A replica replicating channel object client Figure 1: Macroscopic structuring structures such as lists, trees, collections. The first object, called ....

Yvon Gourhant and Marc Shapiro. FOG/C++: a fragmented-object generator. In C++ Conference, pages 63--74, San Francisco, CA (USA), April 1990. Usenix.

....call prpc (in message, out, multiResult) deferred parallel remote procedure call psend (in message, out multiResult) g; Figure 5: FOG declarations of communication channels 3. 2 FOG Language We have defined a language extension to C [16] called FOG (Fragmented Object Generator) [8]. It provides features for the designer to specify class groups, group interfaces, client interfaces, accesses to connective objects, and how a client binds to an FO. It is essentially a declarative interface language. The designer of an FO specifies interfaces and connections 7 . 3.2.1 Class ....

....same class group. To explain the FOG language, we return to the replicated file example. Figure 6 shows the declarations of this example in the FOG language. More 7 For simplicity, the declarations presented in this paper take some liberties with the exact FOG syntax. details can be found in [8]. A more complete example will be described in the next section. A class group defining the FO type file group file f replica ;g = the class of file fragments class replica f public: the public interface read (out record r) write (in record r) seek (in int position) private: the ....

Yvon Gourhant and Marc Shapiro. FOG/C++: a fragmented-object generator. In C++ Conference, pages 63--74, San Francisco, CA (USA), April 1990. Usenix.

....between layers. Currently, the toolbox contains mainly classes of primitive FOs such as RPC and multicast communication channels. Every system service in SOS is a fragmented object, and SOS has plenty of support for user level fragmented objects. There is also language support if you use FOG [3], an extension of C for fragmented objects. SOS also supports local ( elementary ) objects of course. You can declare elementary objects to the system, store them persistently [15] or migrate them between addressing domains or between machines. Migration and storage preserve the data, the ....

Yvon Gourhant and Marc Shapiro. FOG/C++: a fragmented-object generator. In C++ Conference, pages 63--74, San Francisco, CA (USA), April 1990. Usenix.

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Y. Gourhant and M. Shapiro. FOG/C++: a Fragmented Object Generator. In USENIX C++ Workshop, pages 63--74, 1990.

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