J. M. Carlson and J. Doyle. Highly optimized tolerance: a mechanism for power laws in designed systems. Physics Review E, 60(2):1412-1427, 1999.  Home/Search   Document Not in Database   Summary   Related Articles   Check

....a better understanding of the Internet s overall AS connectivity and it argues for a detailed study of the properties and dynamic nature of these AS PC subgraphs. Our overall approach is motivated by the recently proposed HOT (Highly Optimized Tolerance) concept introduced by Carlson and Doyle [11], 13] HOT provides a general framework in which highly variable event sizes, in systems highly optimized by engineering design, are the result of tradeoffs between yield, cost of resources, and the systems tolerance to risk. In turn, the HOT framework emphasizes the importance of design, ....

....the Internet has become a prime target for testing the validity of alternative views and theories to explain the ubiquity of power law type distributions in nature and engineering. An especially promising and radically different such alternative view has recently been proposed by Carlson and Doyle [11], 13] and is based on the concept of HOT (for Highly Optimized Tolerance) In this section, we summarize the state of the art of using HOT based approaches to model Internet growth and investigate their relevance for network design at the AS level. A. The Generic HOT Model of Fabrikant et al. ....

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J. M. Carlson and J. Doyle. Highly Optimized Tolerance: A Mechanism for Power-Laws in Designed Systems. Physical Review E, 60(2):1412--1427, 1999.

....a better understanding of the Internet s overall AS connectivity and it argues for a detailed study of the properties and dynamic nature of these ASPC subgraphs. Our overall approach is motivated by the recently proposed HOT (Highly Optimized Tolerance) concept introduced by Carlson and Doyle [10, 13]. HOT provides a general framework in which highly variable event sizes, in systems highly optimized by engineering design, are the result of tradeo#s between yield, cost of resources, and the systems tolerance to risk. In turn, the HOT framework emphasizes the importance of design, structure, ....

....the Internet has become a prime target for testing the validity of alternative views and theories to explain the ubiquity of power law type distributions in nature and engineering. An especially promising and radically di#erent such alternative view has recently been proposed by Carlson and Doyle [10, 13] and is based on the concept of HOT (for Highly Optimized Tolerance) In this section, we summarize the state of the art of using HOT based approaches to model Internet growth and investigate their relevance for network design at the AS level. 3.1 The Generic HOT Model of Fabrikant et al. The ....

[Article contains additional citation context not shown here]

J. M. Carlson and J. Doyle. Highly Optimized Tolerance: A Mechanism for Power-Laws in Designed Systems. Physical Review E, 60(2):1412--1427, 1999.

....to the center, and they mention that this captures the operation costs due to communication delays. Node i chooses to connect with node j that minimizes the weighted sum min j i ad ij h j , where a is used to change the relative importance of the two objectives. Highly Optimized Tolerance. In [27], Carlson et al. propose that power laws are the result of an optimization, either through natural selection or engineering design, to provide robust performance despite uncertain environments. Regarding the Internet they mention that the survivability built in the Internet and its protocols can ....

J.M.Carlson and J.Doyle. Highly optimized tolerance: a mechanism for power laws in designed systems. Physics Review E, 60(2), 1999.

....traffic patterns that cause significant decrease in the link stress. The decrease is much more notable in the Internet than in any synthetic topology. If on the other hand the traffic patterns become intercluster the link stress correspondingly increases. This reasoning is in line with [7], 10] which suggest that network characteristics should be studied in the context of the design problem they are trying to solve. A method to define intracluster and intercluster traffic patterns. These are patterns that deviate from uniform treatment of all pairs of nodes, and may ....

.... while another approach is to use metrics that distinguish graphs with heavy tailed degree sequences as opposed to more regular topologies and may be correlated with further coarse characteristics of the network [27] 32] Our approach is closer to the latter, and influenced from the proposal of [7], 10] that topology properties should be studied in connection to the functionality of the network. In particular, we shall study the correlation of the information retrieved from the eigenvectors of Section III to the performance of a primitive experiment that studies the congestion in the ....

J.M. Carlson and J. Doyle. Highly optimized tolerance: A mechanism for powerlaws in design systems. Physics review E, 60(2), pages 1412-- 1427, 1999.

.... Laws via Optimization Mandelbrot had developed other arguments for deriving power law distributions based on information theoretic considerations somewhat earlier than Simon [55] His argument is very similar in spirit to other recent optimization based arguments for heavy tailed distributions [17, 27, 85]. We sketch Mandelbrot s framework, which demonstrates a power law in the rankfrequency distribution of words. That is, the frequency p j of the jth most used word, given as a fraction of the time that word appears, follows a power law in j, so p j cj . This is a slightly di erent avor than ....

....of log d j, and we therefore nd that p j is within a constant multipilcative factor of a power law. We ignore this distinction henceforth. 8 this model matches empirical results for English quite well. Carlson and Doyle suggest a similar framework for analyzing le sizes and forest les [17]. Fabrikant, Koutsoupias, and Papadimitriou introduce combinatorial models for the Internet graph (which should not be confused with the Web graph; the Internet graph consists of the servers and links between them as opposed to Web pages) and le sizes based on local optimization that also yield ....

J. M. Carlson and J. Doyle. Highly optimized tolerance: a mechanism for power laws in designed systems. Physics Review E, 60(2):1412-1427, 1999.

.... Synchronization in periodic signals in the internet leading to patterns of loss and decay (Floyd and Jacobson [39] biological ecosystems exhibit remarkable robustness to variations in weather and predation, but catastrophic sensitivity to genetic mutation or a new virus (Carlson and Doyle ( [38]) unexpected cascading failures in power grid systems; pathological routing oscillations resulting from route flapping at a single BGP router ( 40] are all well known examples of such behavior. We show that as we scale wireless sensor networks, it becomes increasingly important to anticipate ....

J. M. Carlson and J. Doyle. "Highly optimized tolerance: a mechanism for power laws in designed systems", Physics Review E, 60(2):1412-1427, 1999.

....to store one bit of information. If the total volume of the materials is one, how should one arrange the materials within, say, the unit cube to maximize the time until the magnetization is lost Similar questions for two dimensional site percolation have been studied by Carlson and Doyle [7, 8] in the context of power laws in complex systems. Robert, Carlson, and Doyle [9] consider, in the same context, the effect of design on a simple epidemic model in which infection spreads between three cells. There is a significant amount of work on the infinite contact process with inhomogeneous ....

J. Carlson and J. Doyle, "Highly optimized tolerance: A mechanism for power laws in designed systems," Physical Review E, vol. 60, no. 2, pp. 1412--27, 1999.

....of correlation that are implict in a le system model where new les are derived from existing les, using a martingale analysis. In other prior work, the highly optimized tolerance (HOT) model provides another generative model for le size distributions which uses an optimization framework [7, 27]. Downey suggests (and we concur) that applying this framework to Web le systems requires strong assumptions about how Web sites are designed, and does not explain why local le systems have similar le size distributions [12] Downey s simpler framework appears more intuitively appealing, and ....

J. M. Carlson and J. Doyle. Highly optimized tolerance: a mechanism for power laws in designed systems. Physics Review E, 60(2):1412-1427, 1999.

....to store one bit of information. If the total volume of the materials is one, how should one arrange the materials within, say, the unit cube to maximize the time until the magnetization is lost The effect of design on two dimensional site percolation has been studied by Carlson and Doyle [8, 9] in the context of power laws in complex systems. Robert, Carlson, and Doyle [10] consider, in the same context, the effect of design on a simple epidemic model in which infection spreads between three cells. Booth et al. 11] consider the effect of design on two dimensional continuum percolation ....

J. M. Carlson and J. Doyle, "Highly Optimized Tolerance: A Mechanism for Power Laws in Designed Systems," Physical Review E, vol. 60, no. 2, 1412--27, 1999.

....can teach us a lesson, these alternative mechanisms should ideally be flexible enough to account for non generic and context specific design details. One such alternative approach that moves beyond the design free BA framework concerns a recently proposed construction due to Carlson and Doyle [30], called HOT (for highly optimized tolerance) This approach suggests that power laws in systems optimized by engineering design are due to tradeoffs between yield, cost of resources, and tolerance to risk. It also suggests that these tradeoffs lead to highly optimized designs that perforce allow ....

J. Doyle and J. M. Carlson, "Highly Optimized Tolerance: A Mechanism for Power-Laws in Designed Systems," Physical Review Letters, 1999.

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J. M. Carlson and J. Doyle. Highly optimized tolerance: A mechanism for power laws in designed systems. Phys. Rev. E60, pp. 1412--1428, 1999.

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Jean M. Carlson and John. C. Doyle. Highly Optimized Tolerance: a mechanism for power laws in designed systems. Physics Review E, 60:1412--1428, 1999.

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J.M. Carlson and J.C. Doyle, "Highly Optimized Tolerance: A mechanism for power laws in designed systems," in Physics Review E, 1999, vol. 60, pp. 1412--1428.

.... techno socio logical systems (CBETS) They have been found in power outages, forest fires, deaths and dollars lost due to man made and natural disasters, income and wealth distribution of individuals and companies, variations in stock prices and federal budgets, and many other phenomena (see [9, 10] and the references therein) In addition to Web file transfers, more examples of heavy tails in networks and computer systems have been discovered, including sizes of files in a file system [24] CPU times consumed by UNIX processes [27] inter keystroke times for typing [14] frame sizes for ....

....constructed laboratory experiments. Furthermore, while the new science of complexity has provided intriguing metaphors and popularized the notion that there are limits to reductionism, there has been little deep theoretical insights or practical applications. Recently, Carlson and Doyle [9] introduced a radically different theory for the nature of complexity and the origin of power laws and phase transitions in complex systems called Highly Optimized Tolerance (HOT) HOT systems arise when deliberate robust design aims for a specific level of tolerance to uncertainty, which is ....

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J.M. Carlson and J.C. Doyle. Highly Optimized Tolerance: A mechanism for power laws in designed systems. In Physics Review E, volume 60, pages 1412-- 1428, 1999.

.... evolves, or as new applications replace the Web as the dominant source of Internet traffic, or is it an intrinsic, natural, and permanent feature that can be expected to persist This paper will argue strongly for the latter position, expanding on the theme of Highly Optimized Tolerance (HOT) [8], 9] 10] 11] that claims that power laws are the ubiquitous outcome of robust design of complex systems. HOT systems arise when deliberate robust design aims for a specific level of tolerance to uncertainty, which is traded off against the cost of the compensating resources. Optimization of ....

....possible using existing techniques, an entirely new generalized source coding theory must be developed. This generalization does have the appealing pedagogical feature of retaining the standard theory as a special case, however. The connection between HOT and WWW files was first dis cussed in [8], and the connections with source coding were first made explicit in [10] which also showed that HOT explained forest fire data much better than the standard SOC results. We will quickly review this WWW work, which provides insights into the origin of power law distributions but is highly ....

J.M. Carlson and J.C. Doyle, "Highly Optimized Tolerance: A mechanism for power laws in designed systems," in Physics Review E, 1999, vol. 60, pp. 1412 1428.

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J. M. Carlson and J. Doyle. Highly optimized tolerance: a mechanism for power laws in designed systems. Physics Review E, 60(2):1412-1427, 1999.

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J. M. Carlson, J. Doyle. Highly Optimized Tolerance: A Mechanism for Power Laws in Designed Systems . Phys. Rev. E, (60):1412--1427, 1999.

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J. M. Carlson and J. Doyle. Highly optimized tolerance: a mechanism for power laws in designed systems. Physics Review E, 60(2):1412--1427, 1999.

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Carlson, J., and J. Doyle (1999), "Highly optimized tolerance: a mechanism for power laws in designed systems. Physics Review E, 60(2): 1412-1427.

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J.M. Carlson and J. Doyle. "Highly Optimized Tolerance: A Mechanism for Power Laws in Designed Systems". Physical Review, E60(1412), 1999.

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Carlson, J., and J. Doyle (1999), "Highly optimized tolerance: a mechanism for power laws in designed systems. Physics Review E, 60(2): 1412-1427.

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J.M. Carlson, J. Doyle, Highly optimized tolerance: a mechanism for power laws in designed systems, Physical Review E, vol. 60, 1999, pp. 1412-1427.

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J.M. Carlson and J. Doyle. "Highly Optimized Tolerance: A Mechanism for Power Laws in Designed Systems". Physical Review, E60(1412), 1999.

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Carlson, J. M. & Doyle, J., Highly optimized tolerance: A mechanism for power laws in designed systems, Phys. Rev. E 60, 1412-1427 (1999).

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Carlson, J. M. & Doyle, J., Highly optimized tolerance: A mechanism for power laws in designed systems, Phys. Rev. E 60, 1412-1427 (1999).

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