E. A. Edmonds, L. Candy, R. Jones, and B. Soufi. Support for collaborative design: Agents and emergence. Comm. of the ACM, 37(7):41--47, July 1994.  Home/Search   Document Not in Database   Summary   ACM   TOC   Related Articles   Check

....U = Uid; Sid; Loc; T j ; T l ; AU where Uid is a unique identifier within the session Sid, Loc is the local or remote location, given as IP address or unique host identifier, T j is the joining time, T l is the leaving time, and AU is a list of user attributes. Processes can be system agents [10, 19] executing on behalf of a user. The user attributes AU are depicted in Figure 2. Identity Authority Role Access Entry Floor Holder Owner Moderator Basic Superuser Social System Floor Coordinator Notetaker Panelist Speaker Listener Send Only Send Receive Receive Only Anonymous ....

E. A. Edmonds, L. Candy, R. Jones, and B. Soufi. Support for collaborative design: Agents and emergence. Comm. of the ACM, 37(7):41--47, July 1994.

....Loc; T j ; T l ; AU (3) where Uid is a unique identifier within the session Sid, Loc is the local or remote location, given as IP address or unique host identifier, T j is the joining time, T l is the leaving time, and AU is a list of user attributes. Users can be represented by system agents [11, 19]. Accordingly, users are characterized by their roles, authority, identity, entry capabilities and access rights, which impact the applicable floor control strategy. Users can be co located in the same space, or geographically distributed. We distinguish between social and system roles. Social ....

E. A. Edmonds, L. Candy, R. Jones, and B. Soufi. Support for collaborative design: Agents and emergence. Comm. of the ACM, 37(7):41--47, July 1994.

....represents a discrete moment in the timeline of session CS sid . It depicts the distributed computational state of a floor control protocol in terms of active users, resources, and floors, and is the result of querying this state locally or remotely. Users u 2 U can be humans or system agents [12], and occupy in our model one or more of the following control roles: the floor originator (FO) of a resource r 2 R is the node that injects r into a session and initiates floor control for r. If 6 Dommel H. P. et al. Floor Control Protocols FO withdraws from CS, r will disappear unless it is ....

E. A. Edmonds, L. Candy, R. Jones, and B. Soufi. Support for collaborative design: Agents and emergence. Comm. of the ACM, 37(7):41--47, July 1994.

....turn taking flow, fostering naturalness in collaborative work. Another salient research problem is the integration of smart floor control protocols with goal based collaboration roles, such as communicators, synchronizers, archivers etc. in workflow models [20] and agent based collaboration [15, 65]. Dynamic sharing of online work is a new paradigm, whose consequences for communication and data processing will become more apparent for the years to come. Applications will increasingly offer collaborative services, as can be seen by the current trend to make webbrowsers more interactive. ....

Edmonds EA, Candy L, Jones R, Soufi B (1994) Support for collaborative design: agents and emergence. C. ACM, 37(7), 41-47, Jul

....and CSpray for marine sciences [20] Both systems supply a notion of floor control within asymmetric workspaces, with the latter system serving as our testbed for floor control issues. Recently, the conceptual integration of floor control within intelligent agent architectures has been proposed [8]. Drawbacks of current systems are that floor control is still in its infantile stage. Long haul networks or large scale conferencing are not supported, many performance problems can be observed with higher volume data collaboration, data inconsistencies across coupled sites can occur, and ....

E.A. Edmonds, L. Candy, R. Jones, and B. Soufi. Support for collaborative design: Agents and emergence. CACM, 37(7):41-- 47, July 1994.

....turn taking flow, fostering naturalness in collaborative work. Another salient research problem is the integration of smart floor control protocols with goal based collaboration roles, such as communicators, synchronizers, archivers, etc. in workflow models [20] and agent based collaboration [15, 64]. Dynamic sharing of online work is a new paradigm whose consequences for communication and data processing will become more apparent for the years to come. Applications will increasingly offer collaborative services, as can be seen by the current trend to make web browsers more interactive. ....

Edmonds EA, Candy L, Jones R, Soufi B (1994) Support for collaborative design: agents and emergence. Commun ACM 37:41--47

....turn taking flow, fostering naturalness in collaborative work. Another salient research problem is the integration of smart floor control protocols with goal based collaboration roles, such as communicators, synchronizers, archivers etc. in workflow models [20] and agent based collaboration [15, 65]. Dynamic sharing of online work is a new paradigm with consequences for communication and data processing that will become more apparent for the years to come. Applications will increasingly offer collaborative services, as can be seen by the current trend to make webbrowsers more interactive. ....

Edmonds EA, Candy L, Jones R, Soufi B (1994) Support for collaborative design: agents and emergence. C. ACM, 37(7), pp 41-47, Jul

.... Architecture and Agents 1 (Copyright June 1994) George Cybenko Robert Gray Yunxin Wu Alexy Khrabrov Thayer School of Engineering Dartmouth College Hanover, NH 03755 This paper surveys the architecture and properties of intelligent information agents. A number of issues arising in the future design of general, programmable agents are ....

....metric that is introduced in separated sections in this article, we find that naturally balanced cluster structures (without forcing balance) indicate good information collections in the sense that they cover the information subspace well with the least amount of redundancy. 2. 6 Other Examples The July 1994 issue of Communications of the ACM was devoted to agent research. Several articles discussed existing agent applications. A brief summary of some of these applications is presented here. Pattie Maes from the MIT Media Laboratory presents four interface agents an agent that handles electronic ....

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Ernest A. Edmonds et al. Support for collaborative design: Agents and emergence. Communications of the ACM, 37(7):72--76, July 1994.

....in normal design discourse or to automatically generate prototypes and acceptance test plans. For Hsia et al. the generation of scenarios depends on user involvement and designer interpretation of user needs. Once generated, the scenarios can be analyzed using formal techniques. Edmonds et al. [65] provide another example of augmenting interpretive processes using more formal methods. They use pattern recognition techniques from artificial intelligence to support, but not replace, interpretive design activities. Case based reasoning [184] tries to capture design experience in a more formal ....

Edmonds, E.A., Candy, L., Jones, R., and Soufi, B., "Support for Collaborative Design: Agents and Emergence," Communications of the ACM, vol. 37, no. 7, 41-47, Jul. 1994. 64

....is the phenomenon in which the whole is more than the sum of the parts. In certain tasks, such as design, emergence is very important. Design is effectively creating what never was from a set of known building blocks, thus assembling pieces to produce behavior not seen in the pieces. Edmonds [45] says that emergence is associated with different interpretations of the knowledge that is expressed in the form of a given drawing. While design is merely one example of emergence, the concept may be key in the development of agents. 3 Applications There are a wide range of applications ....

....are important elements. To create what never was requires a type of emergence: that is, simple elements must be put together in new ways, and conventional rules must be broken to come up with unconventional combinations. In this way, agents are now being applied to the design process. Edmonds [45] has worked with drawing packages, such as MacDraw, and then applied techniques developed by Scrivener [101] to support collaborative design using intelligent agents. The agents worked to analyze the images presented to them by breaking them down into components and grouping them. This process ....

E. A. Edmonds, L. Candy, R. Jones, and B. Soufi. Support for collaborative design: Agents and emergence. Communications of the ACM, 37(7):41--47, July 1994.

....that might monitor the Bus control activity in order to intelligently configure a remote media transcoder. The notion of an agent based architecture is not a new idea. At least one approach to collaborative design from the Artificial Intelligence community resembles our Composable Tools framework [48]. Edmonds et al. decompose their application functionality into a number of agents user agents, groups floor agents, conference agents, presentation agents, and so forth that interact over a software communication bus. In the context of the MBone tools, Handley and Wakeman independently ....

Ernest A. Edmonds, Linda Candy, Rachel Jones, and Bassel Soufi. Support for collaborative design: Agents and emergece. Communications of the ACM, 37(7):41--47, July 1994.

....example, of the sort described by (Etzioni and Weld 1994) With these advances, opportunities and incentives for the decentralization of design activities are rapidly emerging. Computational support for distributed design collaboration presents a variety of new challenges (Cutkosky et al. 1993; Edmonds et al. 1994; Reddy et al. 1993) In particular, the specialization of design expertise suggests a future where teams form ad hoc collaborations dynamically and flexibly, according to the most opportunistic connections. Centralized coordination or control is anathema in this environment. Instead we seek ....

Edmonds, E. A., L. Candy, R. Jones, et al. (1994). Support for collaborative design: Agents and emergence. Communications of the ACM 37(7): 41-47.

....on another application demanding richly interactive and real time visual processing: perceptually supported image editing. The idea is to give a user direct access to emergent visual objects in a graphic image that reflect the sorts of perceptual objects constructed by his or her visual system [10, 2]. Existing graphic image editing programs are of three primary types. 1) Paint style programs allow the user to work at the level individual pixels or userdefined collections of pixels. 2) Structured graphics style programs allow one to instantiate abstract objects such as ellipses and ....

....version of the system and helped in developing the representations. We also thank the Tivoli group and the members of the PARC Image Understanding Area for helpful feedback and discussions. References [1] Bagley, S. and Kopec, G. Editing Images of Text, Communications of the ACM, 37:12, 1994) [2] Edmonds, E. Candy, L. Jones, R. and Soufi, B. Support for Collaborative Design: Agents and Emergence. Communications of the ACM, 37:7, 1994) 41 47. 3] Gangnet, M. Herve, J. Pudet, T. and Van Thong, J. Incremental Computation of Planar Maps. ACM Computer Graphics,23:3, 1989) 345 354 [4] ....

Edmonds, E., Candy, L., Jones, R., and Soufi, B. Support for Collaborative Design: Agents and Emergence. Communications of the ACM, 37:7, (1994), 41-47.

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E. A. Edmonds, L. Candy, R. Jones, and B. Soufi. Support for collaborative design: Agents and emergence. Comm. of the ACM, 37(7):41--47, July 1994.

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E. A. Edmonds, L. Candy, R. Jones & B. Soufi 1994. Support for collaborative design: Agents and emergence. Comm. of the ACM, 37(7), 41 -- 47.

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E. A. Edmonds, L. Candy, R. Jones, and B. Sou . Support for collaborative design: Agents and emergence. Comm. of the ACM, 37(7):41-47, July 1994.

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Edmonds, E. A., Candy, L., Jones, R., & Soufi, B. "Support for Collaborative Design: Agents and Emergence", ####, Vol. 37, No. 7, July 1994, pp. 41-47.

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Edmonds, E.A., et al., "Support for collaborative design: agents and emergence", Communications of the ACM, vol.37, no.7 (July 1994) p41-7.

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E.A. Edmonds, L. Candy, R. Jones, and B. Soufi. Support for collaborative design: Agents and emergence. Communications of the ACM, 37(7):41--47, July 1994.

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