G. Bell, A. Parisi, and M.Pesce. VRML, The Virtual Reality Modeling Language. International Standard ISO/IEC 14772-1:1997, http://www.vrml.org/Specifications.  Home/Search   Document Not in Database   Summary   Related Articles   Check

....control among users. A client application consists of a client module which enables communication to a VS server and a VRML viewer [10] which enables a user to navigate in a virtual world. The event exchange between ATLAS client and a viewer is performed via External Authoring Interface (EAI) [3] and additional interfaces which RTV viewer [10] provides. 3.3 Session Management A session implies an independent virtual shopping mall in which users can navigate, interact with each other, and purchase products. To satisfy various requirements of users, we support multiple sessions. A session ....

....a graphic standard language, to build a 3D shopping mall scene without any extensions. A VRML viewer, which is also compatible with X3D [14] is written in C and built as an ActiveX control to transparently work with Internet Explorer. To mediate events, we use External Authoring Interface (EAI) [3] and additioanl interfaces which the viewer provides. 4.2 ATLAS ATLAS is a scalable network framework for networked virtual environments. It is an ongoing project to support scalability in NVEs in terms of four scalability issues: communication architecture, interest management, concurrency ....

R. Carey, G. Bell, and C. Marrin, ISO/IEC 14772-2:2001, The Virtual Reality Modeling Language (VRML) - Part 2: External authoring interface (EAI), see at http://www.web3d.org/fs_specifications.htm

....mediated tools (e.g. videoconference) the Spin3D CVE provides new potentialities such as 3D object real time manipulation, zoom view on an object, common space and shared points of view, focused activity on the task to achieve. Spin3D is build around an extensible 3D browser. VRML97 [3] is the description language that we use to define 3D objects. This choice is due to the fact that VRML97 is now a widely used standard on Internet, which enables to define interactions and animations directly inside the description of objects. A 3D designer can then declare the active part of ....

Carey R., Bell G., Marrin C. : ISO/IEC 147721: 1997 Virtual Reality Modeling Language (VRML97). http://www.vrml.org/

....in a textured environment with the ability to physically manipulate a pre specified range of objects in a constrained manner. The user is often all but an observer in a world of very limited possibility. Although many systems now provide for some degree of behaviour using mechanisms such as VRML [BPM] Tcl [Ous94] or Java [HC97] applets this is not a complete solution to the problem, since it effectively shifts the issue of managing dynamics out from the VR system and leaves it to the application programmer. While of course the flexibility that such a mechanism gives is good, the work it ....

G. Bell, A. Parisi, and M.Pesce. VRML, The Virtual Reality Modeling Language. International Standard ISO/IEC 14772-1:1997, http://www.vrml.org/Specifications.

....between such two polygons is classified as unconnected. This method is very similar to the way hard and soft edges are found in e.g. VRML. Here a variable called crease angle is used to specify whether the normals on an edge should be interpolated between the two polygons that this edge connects [VRML95]. It is noted that the angle between two polygons is the angle between their normals. The method for assigning a photon map to a polygon can be described using the following pseudo code: 3. THE ALGORITHM In order to calculate a good approximation for the irradiance a large number of photons are ....

Gavin Bell, Anthony Parisi and Mark Pesce, The Virtual Reality Modeling Language, 1995 http://www.vrml.org/VRML1.0/vrml10c.html

.... model 1: validity of the model (from image K p to image K p 1 ) R,t: 3D transformations for moving camera from initial view (image K p ) to last view (image K p 1 ) f 1 ,f 2 : focal of camera for initial and last views, description of the 3D model (quite similar to VRML format [BEL 96] model 2: One must notice that each model is described in its own reference since the 3D models have no implicit consistency between themselves. 4. Video sequence decoding The decoder of a coded sequence is quite similar to a VRML viewer, except that we need streamed 3D models. ....

BELL G., PARISI A., PESCE M., "The Virtual Reality Modeling Language", vol. Version 1.0 Specification, 96.

....for collaborative activities purposes. This leads to Collaborative Virtual Environments (CVEs) CVEs are powerful tools for a wide range of applications: for instance audio video conference, co design meeting or distance learning (e learning) The Virtual Reality Modeling Language version 2. 0 [3] (called also VRML97) established a standard for the description of interactive 3D scenes in the World Wide Web. This language becomes one of the key components of many Virtual Environments since it allows users to create 3D interactive contents without particular programming skills. Indeed, many ....

R. Carey, G. Bell, and C. Marrin. ISO/IEC 14772-1:1997 Virtual Reality Modeling Language (VRML97). See at http://www.vrml.org/Specifications/VRML97/.

....virtual environment is synthesized as a collection of 3D geometrical entities. These geometrical entities are rendered in real time, often with the help of special purpose 3D rendering engines, to provide an interactive walkthrough experience. Recently, the Virtual Reality Modeling Language (VRML) [1] became a standard file format for the delivery of 3D models over the Internet. Subsequently, many efforts have been made to effectively compress and progressively transmit the VRML files over the Internet [4, 7, 9, 13] The 3D modeling and rendering approach has several main problems. First, it ....

R. Carey, G. Bell, and C. Marrin, The Virtual Reality Modeling Language. Apr. 1997, ISO/IEC DIS 14772-1.

....S the variance is 1 18 n (n Gamma 1) 2n 5) B.13) For the Spearman s ae: B.14) which for the sum of squared ordinal distances is: B. 15) The test with Spearman s ae is also called the Hotelling Pabst test [8] Appendix C VRML Virtual Reality Modeling Language [7], abbreviated VRML, is a 3D data description format, but is meant to be extended into a virtual reality language that also can contain for example sound. It looks as if the language is going to be the standard language for defining 3D objects, which makes it interesting in connection with ....

Gavin Bell, Anthoy Parisi, and Mark Pesce. The Virtual Reality Modeling Language. Specification, Internet, 1995. http://www.sdsc.edu.

.... 1: validity range for the model (from image ) to image 8 ) 3D transformations for moving camera from initial view (image ) to last view (image 2 ) camera focal length for initial and last views, description of the 3D model (quite similar to VRML format [9]) model 2 . One must notice that each model is described in its own reference system since the 3D models have no implicit consistency between themselves. 4. VIDEO SEQUENCE DECODING The decoder of a coded sequence is quite similar to a VRML viewer, except that we consider streamed 3D ....

A. Parisi G. Bell and M. Pesce, "The virtual reality modeling language," vol. Version 1.0 Specification, Jan.

....from sophisticated and expensive texture computation. The criterion for evaluating the quality of the reconstructed model is based on visual appreciation and does not require precise 3D reconstruction. The presented algorithm takes 2 images as input, and outputs a final model in VRML format [1] for display facilities. The algorithm steps are the following. First the fundamental matrix (denoted F ) associated with the epipolar geometry is computed in order to constrain a dense disparity field estimation [5] This dense matching between the 2 images is based on an algorithm derived from ....

A. Parisi G. Bell and M. Pesce. The virtual reality modeling language. Version 1.0 Specification, January 96.

....add up all the values for the mesh. The algorithm is simple and efficient, with many potential applications. 1. INTRODUCTION 3D scene object browsing is becoming more and more popular as it engages people with much richer experience than 2D images. The Virtual Reality Modeling Language (VRML) [1], which uses mesh models to represent the 3D content, is rapidly becoming the standard file format for the delivery of 3D contents across the Internet. Traditionally, in order to fit graphics rendering hardware well, a VRML file models the surface of a virtual object or environment with a ....

R. Carey, G. Bell, and C. Marrin, "The Virtual Reality Modeling Language". Apr. 1997, ISO/IEC DIS 14772-1.[Online]: http://www.web3d.org/Specifications/.

....from the MPEG 7 3D shape core experiments [15] the RcCad company [16] the VRML object supermarket in UK [17] and the Rother Daten Service in Germany [18] The total number of models in our database is around 1750. All the 3D models are in the Virtual Reality Modeling Language (VRML) format [19], which uses meshes to represent the 3D models. We use VRML because it is rapidly becoming the standard file format for the delivery of 3D contents across the Internet. Retrieving 3D models from a database has been studied by many groups [20] 21] 22] 23] 24] As with many other content based ....

R. Carey, G. Bell, and C. Marrin, "The Virtual Reality Modeling Language". Apr. 1997, ISO/IEC DIS 14772-1. [Online]: http://www.web3d.org/Specifications/.

....and minimize the code size at the same time, we decided to re write the kernel. Besides the 3D graphics library as a tool for programmers, we also need a 3D model and scene browser. Hence, we also developed a VRML browser applet by using jGL, since people would like to use the VRML file format [4] to display or play a 3D model or scene on the Internet. Furthermore, since we use jGL for the 3D graphics rendering, the VRML browser applet is also a good example for proving the capability of jGL. Before the end of 2000, the jGL project has been known as JavaGL, since Java and all Java based ....

Rikk Carey, Gavin Bell, and Chris Marrin. ISO/IEC 14772-1:1997 Virtual Reality Modeling Language (VRML97). The VRML Consortium Incorporated, 1997.

....languages [20] The idea is to produce real applications for selected tasks for which the web would not be acceptable owing to its intrinsic limits. Another aspect under investigation is related to the representation of the information exploiting the emerging standard for 3D visualization [21]. These efforts constitute the next steps towards making network management easy and accessible to everybody. 7. Acknowledgments The author would like to thank Bela Ban and the users and early adopters of Liaison 8 who have greatly contributed with all their comments and suggestions. 8. ....

G. Bell, A. Parisi and M. Pesce, The Virtual Reality Modeling Language (VRML), Version 1.0, May 1995.

....model is converted into a file format that is appropriate for visualisation. 5. VRML Virtual Reality Modelling Language (VRML) is a file format for describing interactive 3 D objects and scenes to be experienced on the World Wide Web (WWW) The first release of the VRML specification (VRML 1. 0) [9] was created by Silicon Graphics Inc. and based on the Open Inventor file format. Now, with the introduction of VRML 2.0 (Moving Worlds) VRML is considered to be the de facto standard for describing and sharing 3 D interactive worlds over the WWW. We have chosen VRML to store surface ....

G. Bell, A. Parisi, and M. Pesce. The virtual reality modeling language, version 1.0C specification. Technical Report http://vag.vrml.org/, January 1996.

....[Kurlander et al. 1996] a text based chat system, generates a comic strip representing the conversation among users. Several multi user environments with a shared 3D virtual space have been developed. For example, Community Place 2 [Sony 1997] is a text based chat system implemented on VRML2.0 [Bell et al. 1997]. Some desktop conferencing systems, like InterSpace [Sugawara et al. 1994] and FreeWalk, provide a 3D view of the current meeting status: how many people are in the space, who is talking with whom, and so on. They require more bandwidth for providing live video and audio channels. From Figure ....

G. Bell, R. Carey and C. Marrin, "The Virtual Reality Modeling Language," http://webspace.sgi.com/moving-worlds/, 1997.

....it in ASCII form. Writing the same scene graph in compressed binary form is at least 10 times faster than writing it in uncompressed binary form. We are currently finishing a second implementation, with extended data structures and algorithms to support 3 D models described in VRML 2. 0 format [Carey et al. 1997] in its full generality, including all the possible property attachments. This implementation is compliant with the VRML Compressed Binary Format proposal based on these extensions and on a binary encoding of the VRML scene graph structures [Taubin et al. 1997] This proposal has been submitted to ....

CAREY, R., BELL, G., AND MARRIN, C. 1997. The virtual reality modeling language. Tech. Rep. ISO/IEC DIS 14772-1, April. Available at http://www.vrml.org/Specifications/ VRML97/DIS.

....for extending multimedia query languages (MOQL) Li98] free values are still an open problem that we want to explore. Other research interests concern definition, querying and execution of presentations in a 4D space. We aim to extend our approach by incorporating virtual space modeling (VRML) CBM97] and consider aspects such as orientation, views, etc. Finally, few works have addressed indexation for multimedia applications. We are interested in studying indexation algorithms in order to define a semantic based indexation environment. Acknowledgments Thanks to C. Collet for her careful ....

R. Carey, G. Bell, and C. Marrin. ISO/IEC 14772-1:1997 Virtual Reality Modeling Language (VRML97), 1997. http://www.vrml.org/Specifications/ VRML97.

....on the methods, where dynamic reductions representing the model are performed on one data set only. LOD is usually applied in VR (Virtual Reality) applications, where a large set of geometrical data is computed or transmitted. Such an application of VR is VRML (Virtual Reality Modeling Language [1, 2]) LOD is a mechanism working on the geometry of the model. The mechanism presented in this paper focuses on the application of LOD to the motion of animated objects. A similar idea is 2 mentioned in [3] as Level Of Behavior (LOB) which is analogous to Level Of Detail. LOB uses flagging certain ....

G. Bell, C. Rikk, and M. Chris. The Virtual Reality Modeling Language, Version 2.0, Specification, 1996.

....on the methods, where dynamic reductions representing the model are performed on one data set only. LOD is usually applied in VR (Virtual Reality) applications, where a large set of geometrical data is computed or transmitted. Such an application of VR is VRML (Virtual Reality Modeling Language [1, 2]) LOD is a mechanism working on the geometry of the model. The mechanism presented in this paper focuses on the application of LOD to the motion of animated objects. A similar idea is 2 mentioned in [3] as Level Of Behavior (LOB) which is analogous to Level Of Detail. LOB uses flagging certain ....

G. Bell, A. Parisi, and M. Pesce. The Virtual Reality Modeling Language, Version 1.0, Specification, 1995.

....is important. Java applets must be compiled and downloaded by the browser before they are executed; JavaScript scripts are simply downloaded and interpreted. An excellent use of JavaScript is to perform error checking in online forms, see [6] The VRML (Virtual Reality Modeling Language) [9] is to create the infrastructure and conventions of cyberspace, a multi user space of many virtual worlds on the Net. It is ideal for displaying 3D data and geometric structures. 3 1.2.2 Distributed Computing and Client Server Model The WWW itself is a distributed computing system. In addition, ....

G. Bell, A. Parisi, and M. Pesce, "The Virtual Reality Modeling Language," http://www.3dsite.com/cgi/arch-VRML/VRML 1.0 Specification.txt. 34

....and GPS data. In 1997, we constructed what may be the world s first VRML model of a relay racecourse integrating these classes of information. We summarize the lessons learned from building the models, and from presenting the models to users (in this case the runners) The evidence is that VRML[1] is a potentially excellent (probably the best) medium in which to convey this information, and we present some ideas on how VRML may fulfill its geographic potential. KEYWORDS CR Catagories and Subject Descriptors: I.6.5 [Computer Graphics] Simulation Model Development; I.3.5[Computer ....

Bell, G., Parisi, T., and Pesce, M. The Virtual Reality Modeling Language (VRML) Version 1.0 26 May 1995. In VRML repository http://www.sdsc.edu/vrml

....a graphics library called OpenInventor [SGI94] available on many platforms. Its wide acceptance in the industry contributed to the unification of the various existing APIs for 3D visualisation, apart from being used to originally implement VRML, acronym for Virtual Reality Modeling Language [VRML]. VRML is a modeling language, hence it describes a set of 3D elements usually called a 3D virtual world. It specifies the shape of elements, their properties such as colour and transparency, and their position in the space. With VRML people can build virtual rooms, towns and landscapes specifying ....

G. Bell, A. Parisi and M. Pesce, The Virtual Reality Modeling Language (VRML), Version 1.0, May 1995.

....But this method would influence the appearance and layout of the Landscape in a degree that would more or less mean giving up the concept of the real life landscape metaphor. 4. 7 Save As VRML It is possible to save a snapshot of the Landscape s nodes and the wires connecting them as a VRML file [BPP94] The ground plane around the collection tree is stored in transparent mode. A VRML browser supporting transparency can give an impression how objects under the surface could be visualised as soon as GE3D supports it too. Figure 4.6 shows VRweb [Pic93, POA 95] rendering a VRML scene exported ....

Gavin Bell, Anthony Parisi, and Mark Pesce. The Virtual Reality Modeling Language, version 1.0 specification (draft), November 1994. Available at URL http://vrml.wired.com/vrml.tech/ vrmlspec.html.

....can be made possible, if there are ways to describe and incorporate 3D scenes into the Web. These virtual 3D worlds would serve to visualize the Web, thus adding new ways to interface with the user and present information. 3 The VRML Standard The Virtual Reality Modeling Language (VRML) [2] is a language for describing multi participant interactive simulations virtual worlds networked via the global Internet and hyperlinked with the World Wide Web. All aspects of virtual world display, interaction and internetworking can be specified using VRML. It is the intention of its ....

....WWW browser, a VRML viewer is launched. Thus, VRML viewers are the perfect companion applications to standard WWW browsers for navigating and visualizing the Web. Future versions of VRML will allow for richer behaviors, including animations, motion physics and real time multi user interaction[2]. The VRML Version 1.0 Specification[2] describes in detail the history of VRML, the version 1.0 requirements and the language specification. Browsing Virtual 3D Scenes on the Web 3 4 Design and Implementation Notes The design and implementation of a VRML browser is driven by the following ....

[Article contains additional citation context not shown here]

Gavin Bell, Anthony Parisi and Mark Pesce, The Virtual Reality Modeling Language, Version 1.0 Specification. The VRML Homepage, Wired. http://vrml.wired.com/vrml.tech/vrml10-3.html

....out volumetric data 2.1 Goals The Ferret project is aimed at developing content based retrieval techniques in the context of three dimensional webbrowsing. The goals of the Ferret project are to: ffl Evaluate and extend the emerging public standard WWW virtual reality modeling language (VRML) [3] as a candidate basis for the Ferret project. ffl Research VRML user interface issues regarding database construction, query construction, shape description, and data visualization and analysis. Figure 2: Ferret query form (left) and thumbnail images (right) ffl Use VRML based web browsers as a ....

Gavin Bell, Anthony Parisi, and Mark Pesce. Specification v1.0, The Virtual Reality Modeling Language. http://vrml.wired.com/vrml.tech/vrml10-3.html.

....VisNotes Virtually Lost in Virtual Worlds Wayfinding without a Cognitive Map T. Todd Elvins San Diego Supercomputer Center University of California, San Diego Introduction The virtual reality modeling language (VRML) [1] is quickly growing in use and popularity. VRML may help to push fast 3D graphics onto most desktops and into most homes within the next few years. But are people ready to browse virtual worlds in the same way that they currently browse flatland web pages, and more importantly, are virtual worlds ....

Gavin Bell, Rikk Carey, Chris Marrin. The virtual reality modeling language, version 2.0, 1996. http://www.vrml.org/VRML2.0/FINAL

....1.0 of VRML is based on a subset of the Open Inventor ASCII file format from Silicon Graphics, Inc. with extensions to support networking. A VRML file describes a scene of 3D geometrical objects in a way that makes perspective view rendering straightforward. From the Version 1. 0 specification [Bell 1995]: The Virtual Reality Modeling Language is a language for describing multi participant interactive simulations virtual worlds networked via the Internet and hyperlinked with the World Wide Web. It is the intention on its designers that VRML become the standard language for interactive ....

Gavin Bell, Anthony Parisi, Mark Pesce. The Virtual Reality Modeling Language. Version 1.0 Specification. Third Draft, May 26, 1995. Definition of VRML, version 1.0. Also a brief history.

....language (script) which, as in Figure 1, can be used to build fully interactive clients that allow one to build balanced client server (server server) systems. The CGI mechanism, as used in WebTools, is powerful but has limitations as extra functionality can only be added at the server. ffl VRML [19], 20] can be thought of as a three dimensional HTML that allows universal description of physical objects and graphics actions on them. There is some confusion as to relative importance and role of VRML and Java, but roughly one can consider VRML as the future data structure and Java the future ....

Gavin Bell, Anthony Parisi, and Mark Pesce. The virtual reality modeling language. Version 1.0 Specification, http://vrml.wired.com /vrml.tech/vrm110-3.html.

....a graphics library called OpenInventor [SGI94] available on many platforms. Its wide acceptance in the industry contributed to the unification of the various existing APIs for 3D visualisation, apart from being used to originally implement VRML, acronym for Virtual Reality Modeling Language [VRML]. VRML is a modeling language, hence it describes a set of 3D elements usually called a 3D virtual world. It specifies the shape of elements, their properties such as colour and transparency, and their position in the space. With VRML people can build virtual rooms, towns and landscapes specifying ....

G. Bell, A. Parisi and M. Pesce, The Virtual Reality Modeling Language (VRML), Version 1.0, May 1995.

....virtual or real environment it appears natural to encounter other persons and to interact with them. Virtual environments are a promising platform for research in the CSCW area, and distributed multi user interfaces are a challenge for many VE systems (e.g. the efforts related to the VRML proposal [9] At ECRC, and in the context of the Grasp system, we are interested in the problem and the paradigms of distributed AR. We are investigating solutions in the area of distributed computing and experiment with system architectures for collaborative interfaces to shared virtual worlds. 7.1 ....

G. Bell, A. Parisi, and M. Pesce. The virtual reality modeling language, version 1.0 specification. [www]http://vrml/wired.com/vrml.tech/, 1995.

....spatialization backends can be easily added using a de ned interface. The Open Inventor graphics toolkit [Wer94] was expanded for classes (nodes) to support the spatial sound extensions, which are used for our virtual reality applications. Open Inventor is a superset of the vrml 1. 0 standard [BPP95] which does not support sound or dynamic behavior of objects. For the sound extensions of Open Inventor, we followed the vrml97 standard [BCM97] but added a node for sound sinks. This allows scenes to have multiple sinks as well as a sink which can be separated from the viewpoint. The binary ....

Gavin Bell, Anthony Parisi, and Mark Pesce, The Virtual Reality Modeling Language, Version 1.0 Specication, May 1995, http://www.vrml.org/Specifications/VRML1.0/.

....ae: oe 2 ae = 1 n Gamma 1 (B.14) which for the sum of squared ordinal distances is: oe 2 ( P d 2 ) n 3 Gamma n 6 2 1 n Gamma 1 (B. 15) The test with Spearman s ae is also called the Hotelling Pabst test [8] Appendix C VRML Virtual Reality Modeling Language 1 [7], abbreviated VRML, is a 3D data description format, but is meant to be extended into a virtual reality language that also can contain for example sound. It looks as if the language is going to be the standard language for defining 3D objects, which makes it interesting in connection with ....

Gavin Bell, Anthoy Parisi, and Mark Pesce. The Virtual Reality Modeling Language. Specification, Internet, 1995. http://www.sdsc.edu.

....its use for global illumination calculations [SPS94, SPS95] 6.2 Rendering Interface Because illumination calculation and the rendering process are decoupled, a suitable interface between these two stages must be designed. In addition to the build in support for OpenGL rendering, we use the VRML [BPP94] and OpenInventor file formats [Wer93] to export these scene descriptions. These formats are easy to use but can nevertheless support most features of our graphics hardware. Any OpenInventor or Iris Performer based application [RH94] and most available VRML viewers can be used to display our ....

BELL G., PARISI A., PESCE M.: The virtual reality modeling language. http://www.eit.com/vrml/vrmlspec.html, November 1994.

....specification itself, extensions to browsers, servers and the communication protocol will be discussed. We will present a scalable solution based on multicasting. 1 Introduction VRML the Virtual Reality Modeling Language is the standard for 3D data on the Web. In its initial version [Bell et al. 95] Pesce 95] it was a static scene description language, without any possibilities to realize behaviors or user interactions. The scene descriptions (world files) are distributed over the Internet by HTTPD servers, using the standard HTTP protocol [Berners Lee et al. 95] and displayed on the ....

....(such as cubes, spheres, etc. properties (such as mate W. Broll VRML and the Web: A Basis for Multi User Virttual Environments on the Internet 2 rial, position, orientation, etc. etc. For a detailed discussion on the individual nodes types provided by the VRML specification please see [Bell et al. 95] Ames et al. 96] Avatars To achieve a realistic impression of participating in a shared virtual world, other users as well as their current actions have to be represented in an adequate way. These user representations are called avatars or embodiments. Avatars may differ in shape and size. Our ....

Bell G., & Parisi A., & Pesce M. (1995). The Virtual Reality Modeling Language, Version 1.0 Specification. See also http://vrml/wired.com/vrml.tech/

....descriptions are the dominant method used to represent virtual environment landmarks in viewpoint and world selection user interfaces. HTML pages, for instance, often provide lists of available Web based virtual environments (such as those authored in VRML, the Virtual Reality Modeling Language [3]) each one characterized by a URL, an environment name, and or a brief description. Within VRML worlds, textual descriptions characterize viewpoints and describe destinations associated with clickable anchor shapes. In terms of our landmark representation legibility criteria, textual descriptions ....

Bell, G.; Carey, R.; Marrin, C. The Virtual Reality Modeling Language, version 2.0, 1996. At http://vrml.vag.org/VRML2.0/FINAL

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G. Bell, R. Carey, and C. Marrin. The Virtual Reality Modeling Language (VRML) Specification, august 1996.

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Carey, R., Bell, G. and Marrin, C. ISO/IEC 14772-2:2001, The Virtual Reality Modeling Language (VRML) - Part 2: External authoring interface (EAI) see at http://www.web3d.org/fs_specifications.htm.

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