Hornof, A.J. & Kieras, D.E. (1997). Cognitive modeling reveals menu search is both random and systematic. In Proceedings of the CHI '97 conference on human factors in computing systems (pp. 107-114). New York: ACM Press.  Home/Search   Document Details and Download   Summary   Related Articles   Check

....simply an admonition to reduce working memory demand. While such an admonition is certainly good advice, more precise performance prediction is often warranted. EPIC has been used to model several tasks with a more HCI oriented flavor. One of those tasks is menu selection (Kieras Meyer, 1997; Hornof Kieras, 1997, 1999) but for brevity a detailed description of these models will be omitted. Another application of EPIC that definitely merits mention is the model of telephone assistance operators (TAOs) data originally presented in Gray, John, and Atwood (1993) When a telephone customer dials 0, a TAO ....

Hornof, A., & Kieras, D. E. (1997). Cognitive modeling reveals menu search is both random and systematic. Proceedings of ACM CHI 97 Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (pp. 107-114). NewYork: ACM.

....work, Hornof and Kieras used simulation models to predict performance for both ordered and unordered pull down menus. For unordered menus, they found that models involving parallel processing of multiple menu items using both random and systematic strategies provided the most accurate predictions [4]. For ordered menus, models accounting for use of motor preparation based on approximate known location information best account for observed data [5] Although these studies are based on the use of pull down menus and therefore may not be directly applicable to web Performance Benefits of ....

Hornof, A. and Kieras, D. (1997) Cognitive modeling reveals menu search is both random and systematic. Proc. CHI '97 Conference: Human Factors in Computer Systems, ACM Press, NY, 107--114.

....that were compared to the observed data. Two strategies that provide a good fit with the search time data are described here. Noisy Systematic Search Strategy The noisy systematic search strategy for unlabeled layouts assumes that people attempt to make a maximally efficient foveal sweep [7], in which the eyes move to capture everything in the high resolution foveal vision with as few fixations as possible. Noise is introduced into the strategy by having it sometimes overestimate how far the eyes can move and still foveate everything with successive fixations. If the target is ....

....search order assumed by these models is incorrect. The interplay between the data and the models demonstrates that noise enters the process at many different levels. Previous modeling demonstrated that the number of groups effect can be explained by incorporating some randomness in the model [2, 7]. The noisy systematic model discussed here introduces one major element of noise randomly skipped over and missing items while searching. Occasionally, participants thrashed all over the layout revisiting group after group as did the noisy systematic model, but there were also many other ....

Hornof, A. J., & Kieras, D. E. (1997). Cognitive modeling reveals menu search is both random and systematic. Proceedings of ACM CHI 97: Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, New York: ACM, 107-114.

.... (two, five, or eight) and the visual objects were extremely simple (the numerical digits 1 through 9) The simplicity of the task helped to facilitate subsequent cognitive modeling of the visual search component of the task (Anderson, Matessa Lebiere, 1997; Byrne, in press; Hornof, 1999; Hornof Kieras, 1997). These models provide insight into the strategies that participants used when searching Nilsens randomly ordered menus. Hornof and Kieras (Hornof, 1999; Hornof Kieras, 1997) dismissed visual search strategies in which participants considered each menu item one at a time by showing that models ....

....modeling of the visual search component of the task (Anderson, Matessa Lebiere, 1997; Byrne, in press; Hornof, 1999; Hornof Kieras, 1997) These models provide insight into the strategies that participants used when searching Nilsens randomly ordered menus. Hornof and Kieras (Hornof, 1999; Hornof Kieras, 1997) dismissed visual search strategies in which participants considered each menu item one at a time by showing that models incorporating such strategies could not predict the observed task completion times. Based on a better fit with the data, strategies in which participants considered more than ....

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Hornof, A. J., & Kieras, D. E. (1997). Cognitive modeling reveals menu search is both random and systematic. Proceedings of ACM CHI 97: Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, New York: ACM, 107-114.

....guidelines to direct the design of computer screen layouts, but few if any of these guidelines have been explained in terms of how they affect the low level cognitive processes involved in visual search tasks. Nevertheless, modeling that Hornof Kieras have accomplished thus far (discussed in [2]) suggests that a lowlevel model predicting aspects of visual search is feasible at least in the domain of menu search, and probably as well in the domain of general search of computer screen layouts. PREVIOUS RESEARCH Previous researchers have studied visual search of menus and computer screen ....

....differs in that EPIC is a precise computational model, has a programmable production rule cognitive processor, and incorporates more specific constraints synthesized from human performance literature. PRELIMINARY INVESTIGATION As a preliminary investigation for this dissertation, Hornof Kieras [2] built cognitive models to investigate how people search for a known target item in a randomly ordered pull down menu. In these models, we varied the strategy that the model employed (serial versus parallel processing of menu items, and random versus systematic search) and one parameter in the ....

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Hornof, A. J., & Kieras, D. E. (1997). Cognitive Modeling Reveals Menu Search is Both Random and Systematic. Proceedings of CHI `97, New York: ACM, 107-114.

....knowledge of locations in a visual task environment, and that more work regarding Fitts law is needed. KEYWORDS Cognitive models, Fitts law, menus, visual search. INTRODUCTION Menu selection is a very common human computer interaction technique, and has been studied at length (such as in [6, 11, 13]) but models of the low level cognitive processes and strategies that people use when they select an item from a menu have only been emerging in the last few years. To give human computer interaction (HCI) practitioners better advice for building better menu systems, more work needs to be done to ....

....that people use when they select an item from a menu have only been emerging in the last few years. To give human computer interaction (HCI) practitioners better advice for building better menu systems, more work needs to be done to figure out how people use menus. In a previous CHI paper [6], we presented empirically validated models of the low level perceptual, cognitive, and motor processing that people use when they select a known target item from a randomly ordered pulldown menu. In this paper, we present similarly detailed models for numerically ordered pull down menus. People ....

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Hornof, A. J., & Kieras, D. E. (1997). Cognitive modeling reveals menu search is both random and systematic. Proceedings of ACM CHI 97: Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, New York: ACM, 107-114.

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Hornof, A.J. & Kieras, D.E. (1997). Cognitive modeling reveals menu search is both random and systematic. In Proceedings of the CHI '97 conference on human factors in computing systems (pp. 107-114). New York: ACM Press.

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Hornof, A. J., & Kieras, D. E. (1997). Cognitive modeling reveals menu search is both random and systematic. In Human Factors in Computing Systems: CHI 97 Conference Proceedings (pp. 107-114). New York: ACM Press.

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A. J. Hornof and D. E. Kieras, "Cognitive modeling reveals menu search is both random and systematic," in Proc. Conf. Human Factors in Computing Systems, 1997, pp. 107--114.

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