| N. V. Findler and R. Lo. An examination of Distributed Planning in the world of air tra#c control. Journal of Parallel and Distributed Computing, 3, 1986. |
....seen as a natural metaphor, and, by some, as a development of the concurrent object programming paradigm [1] Specifically, multi agent systems have been applied in the following domains: Air tra#c control. Air tra#c control systems are among the oldest application areas in multiagent systems [49, 15]. A recent example is oasis (Optimal Aircraft Sequencing using I ntelligent Scheduling) a system that is currently undergoing field trials at Sydney airport in Australia [33] The specific aim of oasis is to assist an air tra#c controller in managing the flow of aircraft at an airport: it o#ers ....
N. V. Findler and R. Lo. An examination of Distributed Planning in the world of air tra#c control. Journal of Parallel and Distributed Computing, 3, 1986.
....can be coordinated to produce a globally effective exception response. Previous DAI research suggests, moreover, that for many cases we want our agents to have roughly that level of self awareness and self modifiability in order to support effective coordination even in the absence of exceptions [24]. System Architecture: The capabilities described above can be implemented straightforwardly as agents that can simply be plugged in to an existing agent system with suitable interfaces: infrastructure query interface act ion interface problem solving agent query interface act ion ....
Findler, N.V. and R. Lo, An Examination of Distributed Planning in the World of Air Traffic Control, in Readings in Distributed Artificial Intelligence, A.H. Bond and L. Gasser, Editors. 1988, Morgan Kaufmann: California. p. 617--627.
.... on producing a cooperative solution to a problem by using both artificial intelligence and distributed problem solving techniques [1, 4] In a distributed expert system (DES) a task may be allocated to more than one expert system (ES) to solve in order to increase the reliability of the solution [1, 3, 8]. In such a case, each ES will obtain an individual solution. These solutions from different expert systems (ESs) could be same, or different. This paper introduces potential ways for developing synthesis strategies in DESs in attempting to synthesize multiple solutions from different ESs to ....
N. Findler and R. Lo, "An Examination of Distributed Planning in the World of Air Traffic Control", Parallel Distributed Computer, Vol. 3, pp. 411-431, 1986.
....can be coordinated to produce a globally effective exception response. Previous DAI research suggests, moreover, that for many cases we want our agents to have roughly that level of self awareness and selfmodifiability in order to support effective coordination even in the absence of exceptions (Findler and Lo 1988). System Architecture: The capabilities described above can be implemented straightforwardly as agents that can simply be plugged in to an existing agent system with suitable interfaces: infrastructure query interface action interface problem solving agent query interface action interface new ....
Findler, N. V. and R. Lo (1988). An Examination of Distributed Planning in the World of Air Traffic Control. Readings in Distributed Artificial Intelligence. A. H. Bond and L. Gasser.
....(i.e. runways, airspace) and constrained by limited time. Steeb et al. Steeb et al. 1989 ] performs an analysis of applying DAI techniques to this domain and further work concentrating on object centered systems is described by Cammarata et al. Cammarata et al. 1983 ] and Findler and Lo [ Findler and Lo, 1989 ] In this work, we have modified and integrated several AI and DAI techniques to deal with different aspects of tactical planning. First we identify the expected demand; this is done by scheduling the flights using a a Real Time A (RTA ) algorithm. Upon diagnosing that congestion will occur the ....
Nicholas V. Findler and Ron Lo. An examination of distributed planning in the world of air traffic control. In Alan H. Bond and Les Gasser, editors, Readings in Distributed Artificial Intelligence, pages 617--627. Morgan Kauffman, 1989.
....local results into complete interpretations. Distributed Planning and Control. Distributed planning and control applications involve developing and coordinating the actions of distributed effector nodes to perform desired tasks. Application domains include distributed air traffic control [23, 88], cooperating robots, remotely piloted vehicles [82] distributed process control in manufacturing [80, 62, 61] and resource allo3 cation control in a long haul communication network [11, 34] Distributed planning and control applications often involve distributed interpretation to determine ....
Nicholas V. Findler and Ron Lo. An examination of distributed planning in the world of air traffic control. Journal of Parallel and Distributed Computing, 3:411--431, 1986.
....as a natural metaphor, and, by some, as a development of the concurrent object programming paradigm [2] Specifically, multi agent systems have been applied in the following domains: ffl Air traffic control. Air traffic control systems are among the oldest application areas in multi agent systems [104, 39]. A recent example is OASIS (Optimal Aircraft Sequencing using Intelligent Scheduling) a system that is currently undergoing field trials at Sydney airport in Australia [70] The specific aim of OASIS is to assist an air traffic controller in managing the flow of aircraft at an airport: it ....
N. V. Findler and R. Lo. An examination of Distributed Planning in the world of air traffic control. Journal of Parallel and Distributed Computing, 3, 1986.
....requirement for all software components is novel. Previous research in Distributed Artificial Intelligence suggests that in many cases software agents must have some level of self awareness and self adaptation in order to support effective coordination even in the absence of exceptions (Findler, 1988). The intention of our proposal is to define several different levels of sophistication for these interfaces. Component developers would then choose to provide the interfaces at the desirable level of sophistication. More sophisticated introspection and adaptation interfaces would allow better ....
Findler, N. V. and Lo R. (1988). An Examination of Distributed Planning in the World of Air Traffic Control. Readings in Distributed Artificial Intelligence.
....for FA C research [8] The process of deciding how to coordinate can itself be seen as a distributed problem that agents must solve. For solving coordination problems, DAI researchers have studied approaches involving organizational design [16, 27, 29, 33, 47, 60, 62] and multiagent planning [3, 7, 14, 19, 26, 34, 35, 48, 53, 89, 76], but have treated organizations and plans differently. In Coordination as Distributed Search in a Hierarchical Behavior Space, Durfee and Mont3 gomery hypothesize that organizations and plans (as well as schedules) are the same type of entity but differ in their specificity and duration. ....
Nicholas V. Findler and Ron Lo. An examination of distributed planning in the world of air traffic control. Journal of Parallel and Distributed Computing, 3:411--431, 1986.
....for problem solving: faster response, increased 2 flexibility, robustness, resource sharing, graceful degradation, and better adaptability. Some of the research involving DAI have included distributed vehicle monitoring [Durfee, Lesser, Corkill, 1987] distributed air traffic control [Findler Lo, 1986; Findler Lo, 1991; Findler Lo, 1993a 1993b; Steeb et al. 1981] distributed manufacturing control [Findler Gao, 1987; Findler Ge, 1989; Findler Ge, 1993; Parunak, 1987; Parunak, 1990] distributed control of street traffic lights [Findler, 1991; Findler Stapp, 1992; Findler, 1993] ....
Findler, N. V. & Lo, R. (1986). An examination of distributed planning in the world of air traffic control. Journal of Distributed and Parallel Processing, 3, 411-431.
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Findler, N. V. and Lo, R., An examination of distributed planning in the world of air traffic control, Journal of Distributed and Parallel Processing, 1986, 3, pp. 411-431.
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