A. Newell and S. K. Card. The prospects for psychological science in human-computer interaction. Human Computer Interaction, 1(3):209--242, 1985.  Home/Search   Document Not in Database   Summary   Related Articles   Check

....Each approach makes different suggestions as to how the appropriate specialist knowledge should be applied. The scientist as tool builder approach advocates that basic science is done through tool building. For instance Anderson [12] Landauer [369] Norman [468] and many others (e.g. [169,186,447,448,494]) envision research programmes in which scientists such as cognitive psychologists create basic science knowledge by building tools. This vision of research collapses the roles of basic and applied scientists with the roles of tool developers. Several reasons have been given for trying this ....

....quicker than quick and dirty engineering methods. Stuart K. Card, Theory driven Design Research [93] pg. 502. One of the most popular applications of theory to HCI is to substitute prediction for empirical testing. The clearest example of this principle is given by the authors of GOMS [94, 448]. GOMS is, to put it very simply, a theory that produces predictions of performance given a description of an artifact, user, and task. Synthesis works the other way: it takes a desired performance and generates a new design intended to achieve that performance [348] One can say that GOMS works ....

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Newell, A., and Card, S. K. The prospects for psychological science in human-computer interaction. Human Computer Interaction, 1(3), 1985, pp. 209--242.

....make the task more difficult than neces Current address: Child Hall Room #317, 26 Everett Street, Cambridge, MA 02138. Language Structure in Problem Solutions SUBM ITTED FOR PUBLICATION 2 sary because they have been designed without careful attention to human computer interaction issues (Newell Card, 1985). In particular, programmers are required to think about algorithms and data in ways that are very different than the ways they already think about them in other contexts. For example, a typical C program to compute the sum of a list of numbers includes three kinds of parentheses and three kinds ....

Newell, A., & Card, S. K. (1985). The Prospects for Psychological Science in Human-Computer Interaction.

....this article should be addressed to Wayne D. Gray, George Mason University, msn 3f5, Fairfax, VA 22030. gray gmu.edu COGNITIVE MODELING AND HUMAN COMPUTER INTERACTION There is nothing so useful as a good theory (Lewin, 1951) Nothing drives basic science better than a good applied problem (Newell Card, 1985). 1 Introduction The quotations from Lewin and from Newell and Card capture what motivates those who apply cognitive modeling to human computer interaction (HCI) Cognitive modeling springs from cognitive science. It is both a research tool for theory building and an engineering tool for ....

Newell, A., & Card, S. K. (1985). The prospects for psychological science in human-computer interaction. Human-Computer Interaction, 1(3), 209-242.

.... Fitts law, human performance, modeling, movements, path steering, task difficulty, motor control, input techniques and devices, trajectory based interaction INTRODUCTION It has been argued that the advancement of HCI lies in hardening the field with quantitative,engineering like models [14]. In reality, few theoretical, quantitative tools are available in user interface research and development. A rare exception to this is Fitts law [6] Extending information theory to human perceptual motor system, Paul Fitts found a formal relationship that models speed accuracy tradeoffs in ....

Newell A., & Card, S.K. (1985). The Prospects for psychological science in human-computer interaction. Human-Computer Interaction, 1, 209-242.

....The amount of time that each discipline devotes to teaching various experimental techniques to their undergraduates illustrates the point. The culture clash can lead to different expectations about the necessity of experimental evaluation. There has been some debate on the role of science in HCI (Newell Card 1985, Carroll Campbell 1986, Newell Card 1986) which applies equally to ILEs. Within the engineering paradigm, one regularly has to make decisions between design options, involving trade offs on a number of dimensions. Evaluations can be used to provide the information for such trade offs between ....

Newell, A. & Card, S.K. (1985). The prospects for psychological science in human-computer interaction. HumanComputer Interaction, 1 (3) 209-42.

....The contribution of psychology to HCI theory remains mired in the low level mechanics of human performance. Carroll [5] is dismissive even of this contribution; information processing psychology he says, has had : no discernible impact on design practice. The debate between Newell and Card [6], and Carroll and Campbell [7] as to the prospects (and desirability) of an HCI dominated and driven by a hard science base of psychological theory, has been overtaken by events. The focus of concern in HCI has been shifting progressively into realms and time scales of human activity which are ....

A. Newell & S. Card, The Prospects for Psychological Science in Human-Computer Interaction, Human-Computer Interaction 1 (1985) 209-242.

....would be on the computer side, understanding how to translate the languages into executable form, and half on the human side, understanding how to design languages that are easy or productive to use. The human and computer parts of programming languages have developed in radical asymmetry. [Newell 1985] This situation still holds. There are substantial gaps in the knowledge about how to make programming languages effective for people, and how to apply this knowledge to Natural Programming Project 33 the design of new programming languages. The Natural Programming Project will help to fill ....

Allen Newell and Stuart K. Card. "The Prospects for Psychological Science in Human-Computer Interaction," Human-Computer Interaction. 1985. 1(3). pp. 209-242.

....comparative evaluation of this new input device destined to transform the way humans interact with computers. Second, it was the first use of Fitts law in HCI. Important also was their implicit call to harden the science in this emerging field. Their call was echoed in subsequent publications [8], and, today, models, theories, and empirical methods are the hallmark of quality research in HCI. This short paper revisits a central theme in Card et al. s paper: the Fitts law analysis of the mouse. We update their analysis in light of current practice, particularly in view of the new ISO ....

Newell, A., and Card, S. K. The prospects for psychological science in human-computer interaction, Human-Computer Interaction 1 (1985), 209-242.

....practices, but they are not aimed at the sort of deeper scientific understanding that may lead to large improvements in WWW interface design. We believe that the development of theory in this area can greatly accelerate progress and meet the demands of changes in the way we interact with the WWW [14]. Greater theoretical understanding and the ability to predict the effects of alternative designs could bring greater coherence to the usability literature, and provide more rapid evolution of better designs. In practical terms, a designer armed with such theory could explore and explain the ....

Newell, A. and S.K. Card, The prospects for a psychological science in human-computer interactions. Human-Computer Interaction, 1985. 2: p. 251-267.

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A. Newell and S. K. Card. The prospects for psychological science in human-computer interaction. Human Computer Interaction, 1(3):209--242, 1985.

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A. Newell and S. K. Card. The prospects for psychological science in human-computer interaction. Human Computer Interaction, 1(3):209--242, 1985.

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Newell, A. & Card, S.. The prospects for psychological science in humancomputer interaction. Human-Computer Interaction, 1, pp. 209-242, 1985.

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A Newell and SK Card. The prospects for psychological science in human-computer interaction. HumanComputer Interaction, 1:209--242, 1985.

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A Newell and SK Card. The prospects for psychological science in human-computer interaction. HumanComputer Interaction, 1:209--242, 1985.

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Newell, A., S. Card, The prospects for psychological science in human-computer interaction. Human-Computer Interaction, 1985. 1: p. 209-242.

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Newell, A. and Card, S.K., "The Prospects for Psychological Science in Human-Computer Interaction." Human-Computer Interaction, 1985. 1(3): pp. 209-242.

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