Luotonen, A., Altis, K. World-Wide Web Proxies. Computer Networks and ISDN Systems 27, September, 1994.  Home/Search   Document Not in Database   Summary   Related Articles   Check

....Web response time, improve its reliability, and balance load among Web servers. Among the most popular approaches are: Proxy server caching. Proxy servers intercept client requests and cache frequently referenced data. Requests are intercepted either at the application (non transparent caches) [21, 31] or the network (trans parent caches) 13] protocol layers. Caching improves the response time of subsequent requests that can be satisfied directly from the proxy cache. Server clusters A single dispatcher intercepts all Web requests and redirects them to one of the servers in the cluster. The ....

....servers from the system. Our work does not assume full server replication and provides a detailed analysis of resource replica selection algorithm. Proxy server caching is similar to server replication in that it also aims at minimizing the response time by placing resources nearby the client [21, 31, 3, 10, 29, 40, 15, 41, 13]. The fundamental difference between proxy caches and replicated Web servers is that the replicated servers know about each other. Consequently, the servers can enforce any type of resource consistency unlike the proxy caches, which must rely on the expiration based consistency supported by the ....

A. Luotonen and K. Altis. World-wide web proxies. Computer Networks and ISDN Systems, 27, 1994.

....such agents behaviors are expressed in a small set of primitive functions. Using these primitive functions, the essential structures of anonymous communication protocols can be described clearly. 1 Introduction Many researchers have vigorously proposed anonymous communication protocols so far [2, 3, 6, 8, 9, 10]. The most primitive way of providing anonymous communication is for a sender to deliver a message to a receiver via a proxy [8] indirectly (hereinafter we call this method Proxy ) In this way the receiver can not learn the identity of the sender but only the identity of the proxy. Reiter and ....

....communication protocols can be described clearly. 1 Introduction Many researchers have vigorously proposed anonymous communication protocols so far [2, 3, 6, 8, 9, 10] The most primitive way of providing anonymous communication is for a sender to deliver a message to a receiver via a proxy [8] indirectly (hereinafter we call this method Proxy ) In this way the receiver can not learn the identity of the sender but only the identity of the proxy. Reiter and Rubin developed an anonymous communication system, called Crowds [9] in 1998. Crowds provides anonymity by making a relay node ....

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A. Luotonen and K. Altis. World-Wide Web Proxies. Computer Networks and ISDN Systems, 27(2):147--154, 1994.

....clients to hold second class replicas. All of these systems store updates only on clients; these are subject to decreased safety and security compared to their server stored counterparts. Web caches take advantage of locality in HTTP requests to provide better performance to clients using them [15]. These caches are limited to the consistency mechanisms provided by the Web, and are passive elements; they do not accept updates from clients. Distributed shared memory systems take advantage of locking mechanisms to optimize data movement and invalidation [2,8,12] Programs that correctly lock ....

Luotonen, A., and K. Altis. World-Wide Web proxies. Computer Networks and ISDN Systems 27, no. 2: p. 147-54. Nov.1994

....improve scalability other than the brute force solutions of increasing network bandwidth and server throughput. These techniques are: use of caching on the server side (e.g. KMR95b] on the client side (e.g. caches built into Web browsers) and in the network (known as Proxy caching ) e.g. LA94] creating better Web citizens; protocol enhancement; compression; and finally delta encoding. 2.2.1 Caching One impediment to scalability is use of the wrong protocol for a given type of document delivery. For example, the aforementioned flash crowd phenomena consumes Internet bandwidth and ....

....server workloads [AW96b, BC96] There are, however, fewer studies to fully characterize proxy tra#c. This is due to the di#culty of collecting proxy log files from di#erent sources due to the sensitivity of such logs. One of the earliest studies to characterize proxy tra#c was done by Glassman [Gla94] Characterization included parameters such as document popularity, cache misses, cache hits, and rate of change for Web pages. Sedayao [Sed94] studied and characterized the distribution of several parameters. Gwertzman and Seltzer [GS96] have used several server and proxy tra#c sources to ....

A. Luotonen and K. Altis. World-Wide Web proxies. Computer Networks and ISDN Systems, 27(2), 1994. <URL: http://www1.cern.ch/PapersWWW94/- luotonen.ps>.

....time, improve its reliability, and balance load among Web servers. Among the most popular approaches are: Proxy server caching. Proxy servers intercept client requests and cache frequently referenced data. Requests are intercepted either at an application protocol level (non transparent caches) [20, 30] or a network protocol level (transparent caches) 13] Caching improves the response time of subsequent requests that can be satisfied directly from the proxy cache. Server clusters A single dispatcher intercepts all Web requests and redirects them to one of the servers in the cluster. The ....

....latency reduction from caching and prefetching. In Proceeding of the USENIX Symposium on Internet Technologies and Systems, 1997. 29] D. Long, A. Muir, and R. Golding. A longitudinal survey of internet host reliability. In Proceeding of the 14th Symposium on Reliable Distributed Systems, 1995. [30] A. Luotonen and K. Altis. World wide web proxies. Computer Networks and ISDN Systems, 27, 1994. 31] J. MacGregor and T. Harris. The exponentially weighted moving variance. Journal of Quality Technology, 25(2) 1993. 32] S. Manley and M. Seltzer. Web facts and fantasy. In Proceeding of the ....

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A. Luotonen and K. Altis. World-wide web proxies. Computer Networks and ISDN Systems, 27, 1994.

.... Server Figure 1 : Architecture of a hierarchical hyper media information service Due to these limitations, most information services of the future will be based on an architecture in which information stored at a remote server is cached at a local server on demand (e.g. the WWW caching proxies [15]) as shown in Figure 1. Such architectures will make it possible to service a large fraction of user requests from the local server; thereby avoiding the cost and overhead of retrieving objects from the remote server. Since cache memory sizes are relatively small as compared to the sizes of ....

A. Luotonen and K. Altis. World-wide web proxies. Computer Networks and ISDN Systems, 27(2), 1994.

....from within an Intranet [7] It was recognised, however, that proxies may also serve as repositories for frequently requested documents. This role of proxies has made them very popular. Caching documents at the proxy can save network bandwidth and reduce network latency for document accesses [36, 47]. Most browsers can be con gured to use a proxy. Proxies can be deployed almost anywhere in the Internet. A second level cache, the rst level being the browser 3 The term Web Proxy is also used to refer to the machine which runs the Web proxy software. In this document, these two ....

A. Luotenen and K. Altis, \World-Wide Web Proxies", Computer Networks and ISDN Systems, Vol. 27, No. 2, pp. 147-154, November 1994.

....Clients 3 Clients 4 Server A Object a Object a Connectivity Clouds Fig. 1.2: Client Server Model of the Internet plemented into client Web browsers. Recently retrieved documents can be viewed faster from a client cache. This concept was extended to the network and led to develop a proxy cache [11]. Since many clients use the same cache accessing Web, it can serve requested objects faster after caching. Moreover, cooperative caches can reduce wide area network bandwidth consumption by resolving missed objects through other caches. Internet Cache Protocol (ICP) is used to gather information ....

A. Luotonen and K. Altis. WWW Proxies. Computer Networks and ISDN Systems, 27(2), November 1994.

....Universiteit Eindhoven, Postbus 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven Universiteit Utrecht, Postbus 80010, 3508 TA Utrecht # University of Oxford, St. Catherine s College, Manor Road, Oxford OX1 3UJ, UK Universiteit Maastricht, Postbus 616, 6200 MD Maastricht 1 in the network (first proposed by [6]; see also [3] Typically, such an approach is attractive when an organization (like a company or a university) is responsible for (a part of) a network ( 7] This paper deals with the latter subject called proxy placement in [10] given a network with capacitated edges, external demand (request ....

....the updating, we now provide an example. Example: Suppose we have the following current situation in node E of the depicted infrastructure of Fig. 2. E,j contributing overflow edges nearest proxy containing j j (in order of decreasing # # E,j ) 4 A # , B # ) C # ,D # ,E # # permutation of [6], N ] say [10] 28) 6] 23) 2 D # ,E # C [1] 60) 5] 50) 1 E # D [2] 100) 0 none E [4] 0) 3] 0) Then r E, 10] 4 28 = 112, r E, 1] 2 60 = 120, r E, 2] 1 100 = 100 and r E, 4] 0 0=0, so [1] is a candidate to be put in stack at node E. However, there may be a proxy i ....

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A. Luotonen and K. Altis, World wide web proxies, Computer Networks and ISDN Systems 27 (1994), 147 -- 154.

....to the decreased safety and security offered by them. Coda also has mechanisms to deal with weak connectivity [23] but they require potentially expensive interactions with remote services. Web caches take advantage of locality in HTTP requests to provide better performance to clients using them [22]. These caches are limited to the consistency mechanisms provided by the Web, and are passive; they do not accept updates from clients. We know of no systems that allow clients to transparently migrate between caches as the costs of communication change. WebOS [37] a set of abstractions for ....

Luotonen, A., and K. Altis. World-Wide Web proxies. Computer Networks and ISDN Systems 27, no. 2: p. 147-54. Nov.1994

....to be able to control access to the Internet from within an Intranet [4] It was recognized, however, that proxies may also serve as repositories for frequently requested documents. Caching documents at the proxy can save network bandwidth and reduce network latency for document accesses [13, 15]. Experience with traditional computer system workloads has shown the importance of temporal locality on computer systems design [21] Intuitively, temporal locality refers to the characteristic of the reference stream, in which there is an increased tendency to reference in the near future ....

A. Luotenen, K. Altis, World-Wide Web Proxies, Computer Networks and ISDN Systems 27 (2) (1994) 147-154.

....and will only trust certain sites to keep copies of such material. However the cache model is the most popular method to date: caching at a server (e.g. 10] caching at a client (e.g. caches built into Web browsers) and caching in the network itself through so called proxy servers (e.g. [11]) This paper examines the last of these. In the following, a document is any item retrieved by a Universal Resource Locator (URL) such as a dynamically created page or an audio file. We call a document on a Web server an original, and a document on a cache a copy. Consider a client configured ....

A. Luotonen and K. Altis. World-Wide Web proxies. Computer Networks and ISDN Systems, 27(2), 1994. !URL: http://www1.cern.ch/PapersWWW94/- luotonen.ps?.

....proxy facility. Netscape can use this facility to route all of its HTTP [5] requests for data through a designated process. This process is commonly on a remote host; such a remote process might act as a gateway that is exempt from firewall restrictions, or a caching proxy for a group of machines [10]. In our case, we place the proxy, called the cellophane, on the client between Netscape and Odyssey. The cellophane redirects Netscape s requests through the file system to Odyssey. From the point of view of Odyssey, the cellophane is the adaptive application; it is quite small, at three KLOC. ....

A. Luotonen and K. Altis, World-Wide Web proxies, Computer Networks and ISDN Systems 27 (September 1994).

.... [DHS93] Dan98] Dav99b] Dav99a] Dav99c] Den96] DCW96] Din96] DP96] DMP95] DFKM97a] DFKM97b] DBCK98] Duc99] DMF97] Dyk98] DJD99] CKR99] CKO99] CKZ99] CK99] CK00] EWCS96] FCAB98] FJCL99] FRC98] FRCar] Fel98] FCD 99] FVYI00] FB96] GRC97] GCR97] GCR98] GC97] Gla94] GPB98] Gri97] GB97] GPV98] GNPV98] GS96a] GS96b] GS97] HMY97] Hed98] HN96] HWMS98] HSY98] HK97] HJWC98] IKY97] IST98] JC98] JDB96] JK97] JK98] Kah97] KKO98] WMS98a] KS98a] KW97a] KW97b] KW98] KMK99] KR99] KW99] KA99] KS98b] KLM97] KSW98b] KSW98a] LG98] LHC ....

.... [HWMS98] HSY98] HK97] HJWC98] IKY97] IST98] JC98] JDB96] JK97] JK98] Kah97] KKO98] WMS98a] KS98a] KW97a] KW97b] KW98] KMK99] KR99] KW99] KA99] KS98b] KLM97] KSW98b] KSW98a] LG98] LHC 98] LSCH98] LWS 99] LD99] LAJF98] Liu98] LC97] LC98] TB97] LOG96] LA94] Luo98] Mah99] MWE00] MEW00] MLB95] MR97] MS97] MSC98] Mar96] MC98] Mar99] MR98] WMFMA98] Mel96] MBV97] MA98] Mog95] Mog96] MDFK97a] MDFK97b] MJ98] MAWM98] Nau98] NLN98] Pad95] PM96] Par96] Pet98] PR94] PK96] Pit97] Pit98] RCG98] RSGR00] RF98b] RF98a] RV98] ....

Ari Luotonen and Kevin Altis. World-wide web proxies. Computer Networks and ISDN Systems, 27(2):147--154, 1994.

....time, improve its reliability, and balance load among Web servers. Among the most popular approaches are: Proxy server caching. Proxy servers intercept client requests and cache frequently referenced data. Requests are intercepted either at an application protocol level (non transparent caches) [20, 30] or a network protocol level (transparent caches) 13] Caching improves the response time of subsequent requests that can be satisfied directly from the proxy cache. Server clusters A single dispatcher intercepts all Web requests and redirects them to one of the servers in the cluster. The ....

A. Luotonen and K. Altis. World-wide web proxies. Computer Networks and ISDN Systems, 27, 1994.

....and will only trust certain sites to keep copies of such material. However the cache model is the most popular method to date: caching at a server (e.g. 10] caching at a client (e.g. caches built into Web browsers) and caching in the network itself through so called proxy servers (e.g. [11]) This paper examines the last of these. In the following, a document is any item retrieved by a Universal Resource Locator (URL) such as a dynamically created page or an audio file. We call a document on a Web server an original, and a document on a cache a copy. Consider a client configured ....

A. Luotonen and K. Altis. World-Wide Web proxies. Computer Networks and ISDN Systems, 27(2), 1994. <URL: http://www1.cern.ch/PapersWWW94/- luotonen.ps>.

....proxy facility. Netscape can use this facility to route all of its HTTP [5] requests for data through a designated process. This process is commonly on a remote host; such a remote process might act as a gateway that is exempt from rewall restrictions, or a caching proxy for a group of machines [10]. In our case, we place the proxy, called the cellophane, on the client between Netscape and Odyssey. The cellophane redirects Netscape s requests through the le system to Odyssey. From the point of view of Odyssey, the cellophane is the adaptive application; it is quite small, at three KLOC. The ....

A. Luotonen and K. Altis. World-Wide Web Proxies. Computer Networks and ISDN Systems, 27, September 1994.

....are long running processes that can hold state and maintain open connections to databases that a Web server can communicate with. Caching is only briefly described. Our paper analyzes caching in considerably more detail than Liu s paper. A number of papers have been published on proxy caching [1, 4, 6, 7, 12, 13, 15, 24]. None of these papers focus on improving performance at servers generating a high percentage of dynamic pages. Gwertzman and Seltzer [8] examine methods for keeping proxy caches updated in situations where the original data are changing. A number of papers have also been published on cache ....

A. Luotonen and K. Altis. World Wide Web proxies. Computer Networks and ISDN Systems, 27:147--154, 1994.

....crashes. 2.5 Proxy Caching The third possibility of caching in the Web is proxy based caching. Proxies have been traditionally used to enable users behind a firewall to access the external network. But already in the early phases of Web development, in 1994, the first proxy caches appeared [21]. In proxy caching the cache is moved into the network, into a proxy server. This server receives requests from the clients and forwards them to the server. When the proxy receives the reply, it transmits it back to the client and caches a local copy of the object. This way, if another client ....

A. Luotonen and K. Altis. World wide web proxies. Computer Networks and ISDN Systems, 27(2):147--154, November 1994.

....solutions for improving QoS are fairly well understood, including caching for responsiveness, replication for availability, and migration for load balancing. Caching in the Web is reasonably common, both through the use of browser memory and disc caches, and also through the use of caching servers [9]. Effective caching is not a trivial task since there are many subtle problems that need to be addressed, including cache consistency, accounting, etc. Current caching servers use a heuristic approach for consistency management, where resources can only apply coarse grained tuning based on expiry ....

Luotonen, A., World Wide Web Proxies, Computer Networks and ISDN Systems. Vol. 27, No.2, 1994. URL: http://www1.cern.ch/PapersWWW94/luotonen.ps

....and will only trust certain sites to keep copies of such material. However the cache model is the most popular method to date: caching at a server (e.g. 10] caching at a client (e.g. caches built into Web browsers) and caching in the network itself through so called proxy servers (e.g. [11]) This paper examines the last of these. In the following, a document is any item retrieved by a Universal Resource Locator (URL) such as a dynamically created page or an audio file. We call a document on a Web server an original, and a document on a cache a copy. Consider a client configured ....

A. Luotonen and K. Altis. World-Wide Web proxies. Computer Networks and ISDN Systems, 27(2), 1994. !URL: http://www1.cern.ch/PapersWWW94/- luotonen.ps?.

....The explosive growth in World Wide Web traffic has caused considerable latency in retrieving web objects (e.g. HTML documents and images) from the Internet during busy periods. Web caching is an important technique used to alleviate the performance problems [1, 6, 11, 16] Web proxies [8] (also called proxy web servers or proxy caches) located between clients and content servers are often deployed for web caching. Frequently accessed objects can be placed in the proxies so that client requests may be directly satisfied by the proxies, thus reducing both network traffic and ....

A. Luotonen and K. Altis. World wide web proxies. Computer Networks and ISDN Systems, 27(2):147--154, Nov. 1994.

....Reducing Web Latencies Using Precomputed Hints 5 Scheme # conn # req. # dns disadvantage 1 HTTP 1.0 ( BLFN96] 1 doc n doc 1 server too many connections 2 HTTP 1. 1 ( FGM 97] 1 server n doc 1 server too many requests 3 Prefetching 1 doc n doc 1 server cache dilution 4 Client Proxies ( LA94] 1 doc n doc 1 server single point bottleneck 5 Server Proxies ( CDN 96] 1 domain n doc 1 server single point bottleneck 6 Stored Address Binding (SAB) Section 4) 1 doc n doc 0 page modifications needed ; consistency problems 7 Informed Server Proxying (ISP) Section 5) 1 domain n doc ....

A. Luotonen and K Altis. World wide web proxies. Computer Networks and ISDN Systems, 27(2), 1994.

....separated from the body of the message by an empty line. Scheme # conn # req. # dns disadvantage 1 HTTP 1.0 ( BLFN96] 1 doc n doc 1 server too many connections 2 HTTP 1. 1 ( FGM 97] 1 server n doc 1 server too many requests 3 Prefetching 1 doc n doc 1 server cache dilution 4 Client Proxies ( LA94] 1 doc n doc 1 server single point bottleneck 5 Server Proxies ( CDN 96] 1 domain n doc 1 server single point bottleneck 6 Stored Address Binding 1 doc n doc 0 page modifications ; consistency problems 7 Informed Proxying 1 domain n doc 1 domain page modifications 8 Auto Image Download ....

A. Luotonen and K Altis. World wide web proxies. Computer Networks and ISDN Systems, 27(2), 1994.

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Luotonen, A., Altis, K. World-Wide Web Proxies. Computer Networks and ISDN Systems 27, September, 1994.

No context found.

A. Luotonen and K. Altis, World-Wide Web proxies, Computer Networks and ISDN Systems, 27(2): 147--154, 1994.

No context found.

A. Luotonen and K. Altis, World-Wide Web Proxies, Computer Networks and ISDN Systems, 27(2): 147--154, 1994.

No context found.

A. Luotonen and K. Altis, World-Wide Web proxies, Computer Networks and ISDN Systems, 27(2): 147--154, 1994.

No context found.

A. Luotonen and K. Altis, World-Wide Web Proxies, Computer Networks and ISDN Systems, 27(2): 147--154, 1994.

No context found.

Ari Luotonen and Kevin Altis. World-Wide Web Proxies. Computer Networks and ISDN Systems, Vol. 27, No. 2, 1994, pp. 147-154. <URL: http://www.w3.org/hypertext/WWW/Proxies/Overview.html>

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A. Luotonen and K. Altis. World-Wide Web Proxies. Computer Networks and ISDN Systems, 27, September 1994.

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