K. S. Decker, "Distributed Problem-Solving Techniques: A Survey", IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics, vol. SMC-17, no. 5, September/October 1987, p. 729-740  Home/Search   Document Not in Database   Summary   Related Articles   Check

....a global set of models of all the mind phenomena constitutes a particular agency called by Minsky the society of mind , where each agent is associated with each model. Subsequently, the word agent was used to name the entities forming the systems of Distribute Artificial Intelligence (DAI, [7]) In this Section we refer to agent as a classical agent, whereas we give our definition of agent of the agency in next Sections. DAI can be conceived as arranged in various branches which depend on the kind of the agents making up the systems: the Parallel Artificial Intelligence is the field ....

K. S. Decker, "Distributed Problem-Solving Techniques: A Survey", IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics, vol. SMC-17, no. 5, September/October 1987, p. 729-740

....be supposed to carry on, firstly, the design of the composite multiagent system and, secondly, the design of the component agents. In this case, we have agents that share a common goal, namely they contribute to solve a global problem. For example, cooperative distributed problem solving systems [41], in which different problem solvers cooperate in order to accomplish a global task, can be considered multiagent systems developed according to the top down approach. The second design approach is a newer approach in which agents are designed by different designers. In this approach, some ....

K. S. Decker. Distributed problem-solving techniques: A survey. IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics, SMC-17(5):729--740, September /October 1987.

....and insatiable goals, which could respectively be viewed as: goals which are achieved, like ISTAR contracts, by carrying out actions; and goals to maintain state, e.g. keep the department running . 6. 3 Policies as a Social Process There is an extensive body of work on cooperative working, e.g. [Decker 1987, Smith 1981] concentrating on the processes which are required to enable multiple agents to make progress while working together on a common task. This work concentrates on the processes which lead to progress, rather than attempting to define end results. 6.4 Deontic Logic Deontic logic, ....

Decker K.S., Distributed Problem-Solving Techniques: A Survey, IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man & Cybernetics, Vol SMC-17, no 5 (Sept/Oct 1987), pp 729- 740.

....DAI systems. Distributed Problem Solving and Multi Agent Systems It has been proposed that DAI systems should be divided into Distributed Problem Solving (DPS) and Multi Agent Systems (MAS) DPS deals with the interactions of groups of intelligent agents which act together to solve a single task. [15] whereas Multi Agent systems are concerned with coordinating the knowledge, goals, skills and plans of autonomous intelligent agents so that they can jointly take actions and solve problems [16] The basic distinction seems to be that while agents in a DPS system act together to solve a single ....

K.S. Decker, 1987. Distributed Problem Solving Techniques: A Survey, IEEE Transactions on Systems Man and Cybernetics, Vol. 17, No. 5, Sept. 87, pp.729-740.

....on its user, the agent could interact with other agents to solve problems. In this respect, an individual agent possesses the power of a group a union set of capabilities of all agents in the group plus additional collaborative behavior. Cooperation is one of the fundamental aspects in DAI #Decker 1987# #Durfee, Lesser, Corkill 1989# #Chaib Draa et al. 1992#. Previous researches on cooperation focus on distribution and collaboration of a given global task #Huhns 1987# #Bond Gasser 1988# #Gasser Huhns 1989# and coordination of individual autonomous agents in a multi agentworld #Demazeau ....

Decker, K. S. 1987. Distributed Problem-Solving Techniques: A Survey. IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics SMC-17#5#.

....Communication can take place by the means of shared memory #one to many multi cast and one to all broadcast#, message passing #point to point#, or some combination of two. Many systems use shared memory for nodes working locally and provide message passing for nodes that located in a large area #Decker 1987#. Message passing is a basic primitive for agent interaction, while multi cast is a generalization of broadcast where messages are sent to a speci#ed group instead of all participants in the distributed system. A well known implementation of shared memory is the blackboard architecture, where a ....

Decker, K. S. 1987. Distributed problem-solving techniques: A survey. IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics SMC-17#5#.

....algorithms are studied in this section. The first two algorithms eliminate the need for both traffic prediction and adaptation clipping signalling. Thus, when either one is used in a network, the nodes inter coordinate by means of tacit bargaining, that is, coordination without communication) [29]. Simulation results show that these algorithms give poorer performance than the D MARS algorithm. The third algorithm still relies on adaptation clipping signalling; however, it avoids traffic prediction by using a buffer occupancy thresholding heuristic to determine when adaptation clipping ....

K.S. Decker. Distributed Problem-Solving Techniques: A Survey. IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man and Cybernetics, SMC-17(5):729--740, September /October 1987.

....architecture (shaded modules represent components particular to agents in a MAS) This short overview article is meant to give the reader a feel for core research issues in the field. The interested reader should also look up other more extensive, though somewhat outdated, reviews of the field [3, 4, 5]. Related reviews on intelligent software agent literature contain more recent references to MAS work [6, 7] In Figure 1 I present an architecture of an intelligent agent situated in a multiagent environment. I have highlighted parts of the architecture which are unique to agents in a multiagent ....

Keith S. Decker. Distributed problem-solving techniques: A survey. IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics, 17:729--740, 1987.

....for concurrent problem solving underlying artificial intelligence has been heavily discussed. Nilsson [2] claims that distributed problem solving is very important in our understanding of artificial intelligence. Distributed problem solving is also motivated from a cognitive science point of view [3]. In distributed artificial intelligence (DAI) which is concerned with problem solving in which groups solve tasks, these fundamental aspects are closely related to the problem of co operation. A general suggestion within distributed applications involving highly interdependent tasks, has been ....

....distributes its final conclusions to the transmission module, which in turn multicasts the conclusions to its neighbour transmission modules. CO OPERATION IN STORMCAST Co operation through communication can take place through shared global memory, message passing or some combination of these two [3]. A well known implementation of shared global memory is the blackboard architecture (see, e.g. 24] Blackboard systems have evolved from the production system approach of Newell and Simon [25] In a (traditional) blackboard, a set of knowledge sources (processes) shares a common database or ....

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Decker, K.S. Distributed problem-solving techniques: A survey, IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics, SMC-17, 729-740 (1987)

....problems to be overcome. It is possible to identify three key issues: 1. How is inter agent problem solving to proceed This question has received considerable attention within the DAI community. Previous research has been based around two key paradigms: negotiation [19] and plan exchange [7] see [5] for a survey of techniques) 2. How is intra agent problem solving to proceed Given an existing expert system, how may it be incorporated into a community of experts 3. What software tools and development methodologies are required to build co operating expert systems Various software ....

K. S. Decker, `Distributed Problem Solving Techniques: A Survey', IEEE Trans on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics, Vol SMC-17, 1987

....in the late eighties (Bond and Gasser, 1988) can now be found almost everywhere, from natural language processing to planning or problem solving. The potential to apply a promising divide and conquer approach to problems that were once thought to be solvable only by centralized techniques (Decker, 1987; Drogoul and Dubreuil, 1991) the ability to use sociological or even biological rather than the traditional psychological metaphors when designing an intelligent system (Drogoul and Ferber, 1993; Korf, 1992) the continuous success of internet related systems and applications which naturally ....

Decker, K. S. 1987. Distributed Problem-Solving techniques: A Survey. IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man and Cybernetics, 17(5).

.... involves a loosely coupled distributed network of semiautonomous problem solving nodes that are capable of sophisticated problem solving and cooperatively interact with other nodes to solve a single problem [29] Decker also refers to CDPS as coarse grained, task level problem decompositions [12]. Early work in CDPS considers problems, such as distributed interpretation [8, 28] and air traffic control [32, 4] that are geographically dispersed and have communication bandwidth. As pointed out by Durfee et al. typical CDPS applications involve problems that consist of a set of ....

Keith S. Decker. Distributed problem-solving techniques: A survey. IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics, 17(5):729--739, 1987.

.... independent of the nature of either the individual processes or the particular domain being tackled (Clearwater et al. 1991) This paper does not aim to provide comprehensive coverage of the entire field of DAI such 5 reviews can be found in (Bond and Gasser, 1988; Chaib Draa et al. 1992; Decker, 1987; Durfee et al. 1989; Gasser, 1991 92a; Hern, 1988) Rather the objective is to carry out an in depth analysis on work related to coordinating the problem solving of multiple agents which is one of the central problems of DAI research. At present there are a diverse range of techniques which can ....

Decker, K S, 1987. "Distributed Problem Solving Techniques: A Survey" IEEE Trans. on Systems Man and Cybernetics 17 (5) pp 729-740.

....a benchmark suite of problems show that CP CR performed considerably well as compared to other centralized search scheduling techniques, in both computational cost and number of problems solved. 1 Introduction Distributed AI (DAI) has primarily focused on Cooperative Distributed Problem Solving [4] [8] by sophisticated agents that work together to solve problems that are beyond their individual capability. Another trend has been the study of computational models of agent societies [9] composed of simple agents that interact asynchronously. With few exceptions (e.g. 1] 5] 18] these ....

Decker, K.: Distributed problem-solving techniques: A survey. IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics. 17 (1987) 729--739

....In the following, I briefly summarize DAI approaches that have drawn on these three different metaphors, and conclude with an overview of other social metaphors that have also played a role in DAI. More complete surveys of many of these approaches can be found elsewhere [Bond and Gasser, 1988; Decker, 1987; Durfee et al. 1989; Lesser and Corkill, 1987] 2.1 Organizations Because each of us is involved in a variety of human organizations, a familiar and powerful metaphor in DAI has been to draw on formal and informal notions of organizations [Fox, 1981; Kornfeld and Hewitt, 1981] From an ....

Decker, Keith S. 1987. Distributed problem-solving techniques: A survey. IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics 17:729--740.

....a benchmark suite of problems show that CP CR performed considerably well as compared to other centralized search scheduling techniques, in both computational cost and number of problems solved. 1 Introduction Distributed AI (DAI) has primarily focused on Cooperative Distributed Problem Solving [Decker, 1987] [Durfee, 1988] Gasser and Hill, Jr. 1990] by sophisticated agents that work together to solve problems that are beyond their individual capability. Another trend has been the study of computational models of agent societies [Langton, 1989] composed of simple agents that interact ....

Keith S. Decker. Distributed problem-solving techniques: A survey. IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics, 17(5):729--739, 1987.

....of DAI, but by no means comprehensive. A comprehensive collection of classic DAI papers has been generated by Bond and Gasser [6] and smaller collections of more current efforts have also been published [32, 45] Surveys of the field have occurred within these collections and elsewhere [20, 23, 56]. I will not attempt to encapsulate such a survey in this introduction to the issue. However, because the papers for this special issue cover most aspects of the field, I will use my brief descriptions of each of these papers as an opportunity to point to related work, so as to provide a limited ....

Keith S. Decker. Distributed problem-solving techniques: A survey. IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics, 17:729--740, 1987.

....of one representative trial. 14 Figure 7: Similarity of the rectangle and pick and place trajectories. Tech. Report CMU RI TR 93 11 iv 1 Introduction Distributed problem solving (DPS) has had a long history in computer science [1][2] but, historically, little of this work was applied to hard real time systems. Behavior based frameworks, a relative new comer to the DPS field, have made strong contributions to the real time world of robotic control as evidenced by the subsumption architecture [3] and others [4] 5] The ....

Decker, K.S., "Distributed Problem-Solving Techniques: A Survey," IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics, v.SMC-17, n.5, Sept./Oct. 1987, pp729-740. Multi-Agent Perception for Human/Robot Interaction: A Framework for Intuitive Trajectory Modification 19

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DECKER, K. Distributed problem-solving techniques: a survey. IEEE Transactions on System, Man and Cybernetics, v.17, p.729-740, 1987.

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Decker, K. S. (1987). Distributed problem-solving techniques: A survey. IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man and Cybernetics, 17, 729-740.

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Decker, K.S., Distributed Problem-Solving Techniques: A Survey, IEEE Trans. Syst. Man. Cybernet 17(5), pages 729-740, (1987).

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