B.W. Kernighan and R. Pike, The UNIX Programming Environment. Prentice-Hall, 1984.  Home/Search   Document Not in Database   Summary   Related Articles   Check

....to as GCEShell portals. GCEShell environments may however be separated from specific user interface rendering. We consider here a general engine for managing Grid Web Service clients. This GCEShell engine, which we initially implement as a command line interface, is inspired by the UNIX [2] shell environments, which provide a more user friendly environment for interacting with the operating system than programming directly with system level libraries. We view the emerging Open Grids Services Architecture (OGSA) 3,4] and Web service [5] infrastructures as providing a global ....

B. W. Kemighan and R. Pike. The Unix Programming Environment. Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ (1984).

....one needs to have the permission to read that file and the permission to write to the target directory . The command less on the other hand satisfies the DPS style. These commands are applications that are constructed using the system calls of the operating system such as sys read and sys write [13]. A question that can be raised is if the UNIX LINUX operating system itself satisfies the DPS style . We are currently investigating this issue. Code access control is not specific to Java. The concept of domain type enforcement [1] originally proposed for Unix ensures that code modules are ....

Kernighan and Pike. The Unix Programming Environment. Prentice Hall, April 1984.

....code. This feature is useful when the environments of visited sites vary. A pot may include any number of files, and the files are shared among the software codes included in the pot. Conventional operating systems provide file systems as a convenient tool for software development [9]; SoftwarePot provides pot spaces as a tool for software encapsulated within a pot. Each pot constitutes a sandbox and the users of each pot in the target site can specify their preferred security policies. The programs executed in a pot process cannot detect such name translation and ....

B. W. Kernighan and R. Pike. The Unix Programming Environment. Prentice Hall, 1984.

....inclusion in this demonstration could be conceived of as a type of baseline comparison or control group. We represented developers using a standard, vanilla environment which, in our case, was an ordinary Unix installation. There are many development tools that routinely included in Unix systems [2]. These tools encompass a wide assortment of functionality including editing programs (vi, emacs) finding files (find) searching text (grep) managing compilation dependencies (make) processing text (awk, sed, perl) controlling source changes and configurations (RCS, SCCS, CVS, patch, diff) ....

B. W. Kernighan and R. Pike, The UNIX Programming Environment, Prentice-Hall, 1984.

....where it can be used, and have a method that guides in its use. 3.4 Myth 4: Automation The 70s saw the rapid growth of software platforms that provided a rich set of tools for software development. UNIX and the UNIX workbench became the popular environment for the development of C applications [53]. The underlying idea was that simple, neutral, and small grain tools could be flexibly combined to achieve power and complexity. The main goal of software development became automation . Since software was the major enabling 8 technology behind automation in most industrial sectors, why ....

B. W. Kernighan and R. Pike, The Unix Programming Environment. Prentice Hall, 1984.

....the program, answer the questions, and then type Z followed by name to run it in the background. Before you can really use all of these commands, you need to know how to refer to a job. To get the terminology straight, let s start by looking at the output of the command jobs : 14 jobs [1] Running ls R [2] Stopped mail jhedrick [3] Stopped emacs Here we see a situation where there are 2 jobs stopped by Z and one running in the background. It must be in the background, since otherwise I couldn t ever have typed the jobs command. There are four di erent ways to refer to ....

Kernighan, B. W., and Pike, R.(1984), The UNIX Programming Environment , Prentice-Hall. A classic. To many serious users, this is still the best book on UNIX.

....are the cluster centers, we have an ideal description of the cluster that is familiar namely, the GUI message itself. Figure 4: Searching for send in all kdenetwork package applications. 5. 2 Search Tools There is a myriad of search tools for code, some of which search through code directly [4, 12, 17], and others that search by looking at the natural language documentation (such as comments or manual pages) associated with the code [8, 15] In the rst category, we nd lexical tools such as grep [12] lex [14] and LSME [16] Such tools are based on regular expressions, and while simple to ....

.... There is a myriad of search tools for code, some of which search through code directly [4, 12, 17] and others that search by looking at the natural language documentation (such as comments or manual pages) associated with the code [8, 15] In the rst category, we nd lexical tools such as grep [12], lex [14] and LSME [16] Such tools are based on regular expressions, and while simple to use, have problems searching for certain constructs. For example, grep is not designed to search for patterns spanning multiple lines. Moreover, regular expressions are quite limited. For example, it is not ....

B. W. Kernighan and R. Pike. The Unix Programming Environment. Prentice Hall, 1984.

.... that complements but does not replace tools that simply search the source code itself (e.g. grep) 1 Introduction Search tools for source code are important in software maintenance activities [7] However, if the code is poorly commented, then using a standard search tool, such as grep [5], is problematic. For example, it may be obvious from using the application that it has cut and paste functionality, though it may not be at all obvious how to use grep to find lines that implement this functionality. Since we can no longer depend on matching words in comments, we must use the ....

....that 78 of the students have a general idea of how CVSSearch works while 49 have read our previous CVSSearch paper [1] So, it appears they had some understanding of how the search was done. 5 Related Work There is a myriad of search tools for code, some of which search through code directly [2, 5, 7] and others that search the natural language documentation (such as comments or manual pages) associated with the code [4, 6] In the first category, we find lexical tools such as grep [5] Such tools are based on regular expressions, and while simple to use, have problems searching for certain ....

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B. W. Kernighan and R. Pike. The Unix Programming Environment. Prentice Hall, 1984.

....most recent version of the code by looking at previous versions to better understand the current version. 1 Introduction Search tools for source code are important in software maintenance activities [9] However, if the code is poorly commented, then using a standard search tool, such as grep [6], is problematic. For example, it may be obvious from using the application that it has cut and paste functionality, though it may not be at all obvious how to use grep to find lines that implement this functionality. Since we can no longer depend on matching words in comments, we must use the ....

....of CVS comments associated with each line in the most recent version. Observe that we have tried CVSSearch on real life applications of significant size and significant evolutionary history. 4 Related Work There is a myriad of search tools for code, some of which search through code directly [3, 6, 9] and others that search the natural language documentation (such as comments or manual pages) associated with the code [5, 7] In the first category, we find lexical tools such as grep [6] Such tools are based on regular expressions, and while simple to use, have problems searching for certain ....

[Article contains additional citation context not shown here]

B. W. Kernighan and R. Pike. The Unix Programming Environment. Prentice Hall, 1984.

....which would have otherwise been discarded, and second, the operator conducting image analysis was allowed to work on the collected data in the comfort of his oce while the acquisition computer was already collecting a new set of data. 7 Scripting Layer The traditional Unix programming philosophy [5] emphasizes the importance of small, cooperating tools rather than the big monolithic programs. Interpreted script languages like the command shell language, Perl, Python or TCL allow rapid prototyping, and are thus particularly useful in research environment, when the changes in program are ....

B. W. Kernighan and R. Pike, The UNIX Programming Environment, Englewood Clis, NJ, PrenticeHall, 1984.

....specify it in order to get a complete specification. 4. After completion of the semi formal and formal models, we add the building of a traceability matrix for inspection purposes. This mini SLC is an improved version of the evolutionary model suggested by Kerningham and Pike many years ago in [4]. 5. Application of the suggested methodology Of course the recommended approach suggested in the above section has been derived from the experiment we have done. As mentioned, the experiment was done in two sequential steps. 5.1. Semi formal design, then formal specification From a realisation ....

B. Kerninghan and R. Pike. The Unix Programming Environment. Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliffs, 1984.

....inode 3 exists. 2. UNIX is a registered trademark of X Open [Martin 95] 3. A file has several components: a name, contents, and administrative information such as permissions and modification times. The administrative information is stored in what is referred to as the inode in UNIX systems [Kernighan 84] Figure 2. Three different publishing scenarios. Secure LAN WAN Publishing Occurs on the Server Publishing Occurs on Shared Filesystem with the Server Publishing Occurs across an Insecure Network Untrusted Network e.g. the Internet Direct Publishing Centralized Publishing Distributed ....

Kernighan, B. W., Pike, R. The UNIX Programming Environment. Prentice-Hall Software Series,1984.

....for experimentation. Smalltalk also provides a WIMP interface that facilitates this process further. Other efforts include of some high level constructs for fast experimentation, for example the use of Petri Nets [Bruno,86] or even the use of the Unix operating system shell programming language [Kernighan,84] that provides ways of combining commands and outputs from programs in useful configurations. Some of the fourth generation languages such data base query languages have been found to be useful for building prototypes. Prototyping, despite the advances mentioned earlier, is still a time ....

Kernighan, B. W. and Pike, R., The Unix Programming Environment, Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, N.J., (1984).

....and simple example is the requirement of a specifi c code value. The condition that element01 should be equal to code value A , is expressed in a SLIC constraintas shown below: SVAL( 01) A ; 5 The Sumfunction is discussed in section 5.2. 5 31 Regular expressions Regular expressions (see [19] for a detailed discussion) are used to specify the format of a string of characters. There are many cases where regular expressions are very helpful in restricting the values of an EDI eld. Take the digits thatmake up a social security number (e.g. 231 67 6353)for example. Differentcountries have ....

B.W. Kernighan, R. Pike. The UNIXProgramming Environment . Prentice-Hall, ISBN 0-13-937699, 1984.

.... release the eos diskd is also responsible for the creation and deletion of storage areas (it plays the role of the area manager process) In addition, the server spawns the checkpoint and the global log processes, and allocates a number of UNIX system V shared memory segments and semaphores [KP84, Ste90]. The shared memory segments are used by the shared buffer pool and the concurrency control module to allow all the processes spawned by the server, both during start up and when a new client is connected, to access the same structures. The semaphores are used to provide mutual exclusion among the ....

B. Kernighan and R. Pike. The UNIX Programming Environment. Prentice-Hall Software Series, 1984.

.... perror( socket ) exit(1) if (isdigit(argv[1] 0] static struct servent s; servp = s; s. s port = htons( u short)atoi(argv[1] else if ( servp = getservbyname(argv[1] tcp ) 0) fprintf(stderr, s: unknown service n ,argv[1] exit(1) if ( hostp = gethostbyname(argv[2]) 0) fprintf(stderr, s: unknown host n ,argv[2] exit(1) memset( void ) server, 0, sizeof server) CS 640 Fall 1994 BSD Socket Reference Page 11 server.sin family = AF INET; memcpy( void ) server.sin addr, hostp h addr, hostp h length) server.sin port = servp s port; if ....

.... static struct servent s; servp = s; s. s port = htons( u short)atoi(argv[1] else if ( servp = getservbyname(argv[1] tcp ) 0) fprintf(stderr, s: unknown service n ,argv[1] exit(1) if ( hostp = gethostbyname(argv[2] 0) fprintf(stderr, s: unknown host n ,argv[2]) exit(1) memset( void ) server, 0, sizeof server) CS 640 Fall 1994 BSD Socket Reference Page 11 server.sin family = AF INET; memcpy( void ) server.sin addr, hostp h addr, hostp h length) server.sin port = servp s port; if (connect(sock, struct sockaddr ) server, sizeof ....

B.W. Kernighan and R. Pike, The UNIX Programming Environment, Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey, 1984.

.... language is due to the language being typed, broadly speaking, weakly typed scripting languages require less code accomplish a task (Ousterhout 1998) ALADDIN STACK MACHINE The heart of the Aladdin kernel is a finite state stack machine model that follows in the spirit of work presented by Kernighan and Pike (1983). Stack machines are suitable for modeling systems that have a finite number of internal configurations or states, and whose behavior evolves as a linear sequence of discrete points in time. Fig. 9 shows that the stack machine is constructed from three connected data structures an array of ....

....definition and solution of matrix and finite element problems (Johnson 1975) YACC takes a language description (i.e. grammar) and automatically generates C code for a parser that will match streams of input against the rules of the language. For a gentle introduction to YACC, see Chapter 8 of Kernighan and Pike (1983). 25 pc Symbol 1 Symbol 2 Symbol 3 ARRAY OF MACHINE INSTRUCTIONS Symbol 4 Pointer to functions Pointer to Section Properties Pointer to Material Properties ALADDIN Language Keywords Finite Element Attributes Character Strings CONTENTS OF SYMBOL TABLE NODES SYMBOL TABLE Inst 2 Inst 1 ....

Kernighan B.W., Pike R. (1983). The UNIX Programming Environment, PrenticeHall Software Series.

....also runs on DECstation systems under Ultrix, and ports to Irix and HP UX are under way. A Linux port is planned. The approach of having the DVI previewer invoke external programs to perform particular functions is a powerful and extensible one, and is in keeping with the general Unix philosophy [28]; however, it also increases the effort involved in porting the hypertext system to a new platform (one might have to port a new tool for each supported file format) and increases the temptation to use manufacturer supplied features. It is worth pointing out that, since the PBMPLUS package has a ....

B. W. Kernighan and R. Pike, The Unix Programming Environment, Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ, 1984.

....the role of the software engineer is to support the development process by organising it and providing the suitable tools. The importance of the tool builder in a development team is also described in [5] Software tools have been described in [21] and their importance to language development in [19, 20]. The tools developed, can be divided in three categories: compilers for special purpose little languages, tree handling procedure generators and, error message management. 2 Project Overview Before we describe the individual tools in detail we present an overview of the system and its ....

Kernighan BW, Pike R (1984) The UNIX Programming Environment. Prentice-Hall.

....modern day sciences are the introduction of quarks [6] in Physics to bring order into the subatomic particle zoo and the description of the genome of living beings as strings of dna in Biology. Other examples are the introduction of risc technology in computers, and the implementation of the unix [48] command compress [87] All these examples of reduction of the underlying writing system just mentioned triggered new technology or enhanced existing technology: the search for missing quarks, gene manipulated food and genetic algorithms [51] new assembler languages and higher data processing ....

....numerical data and text conveniently. If it is accepted that C represents a minimal point of simplification as characterized above, then it is natural to ask at this point what type of reconstruction process is implemented by the most prominent software components used in this project: ffl sed [48] and awk [4] under unix. ffl Database retrieval techniques using a relational database model [28] ffl Excite, a search engine for systems of files [31] 3.1 Data Processing with UNIX Tools The design of procedural programming languages is certainly strongly influenced by the dominance of ....

B.W. Kernighan and R. Pike (1984). The UNIX Programming Environment. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall.

....a very large range of applications that use this interface. The main difference between the BSD socket interface, and the experimental system s interface stems from the protocol server s inability to recognise processes. Thus the protocol server behaves in a different manner to the fork( command [48] than expected by programs using the BSD socket interface 3 . Apart from the minor modification to the application s actions after a fork( all that is required to use the protocol server is that the code is compiled, and linked with the correct library. 3.2.3 Instrumentation In order to do ....

B. W. Kernighan and R. Pike, The UNIX Programming Environment. PrenticeHall Inc. Englewood Cliffs, NJ, 1984.

....with the command language. The most importantinnovation introduced with UNIX is the use of a high level programming language (in this case C) for the vast majorityofkernel programming. This allowed UNIX to be transported to a wide variety of processors from mainframes to personal computers[24,17]. In the 1980s, a new genre of operating systems were developed for personal computers, including MS DOS, PC DOS, Apple DOS, CP M, Coherent, and Xenix. All these systems were of limited function, being initially designed for 8 and 16 bit microprocessor chips with small memories. In many ....

Kernighan, B. W. and R. Pike, The Unix Programming Environment, Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, N.J., 1984.

....back to noweb source form. This back end is useful primarily for trying to convert other literate programs to noweb form. It might also be used to capture and edit the output of an automatic definition recognizer. Standard commands The standard commands are all written as Bourne shell scripts (Kernighan and Pike 1984). They assemble Unix pipelines using markup and the filters and back ends described above. They are documented in man pages, and there is no sense in repeating that material here. I do show two sample pipelines in Figures 1 and 2. The source code is available in the shell directory for those who ....

Kernighan, B. W. and R. Pike (1984). The UNIX Programming Environment.

....correct ordering of output by collecting output from stream 0 to stream N in that order, so that any positiondependent commands embedded in the PIC source code should still work as expected. The streams themselves are simulated by having the parser fork separate UNIX processes (as described in [13]) each running the parallel PIC implementation. These separate invocations of PIC compete for processing time, and the total CPU time in each process is monitored using the gprof performance profiling software available under UNIX. To illustrate the method let us take a rather more elaborate ....

Brian W. Kernighan and Rob Pike, The UNIX Programming Environment, Prentice-Hall, 1984.

....FIDGET WITH WIDGETS, DRAW time drifts by This section describes a C implementation of this program. The commentary focuses on the 2 program s control structure and the ezd commands used to create the clock face . 3 The first phase of the program creates a separate ezd process with a pipe [13] named out for requests to the ezd server, and a pipe named in for event notifications from the ezd server. The second phase of the program issues commands to ezd to define the clock face and recognize user mouse actions on it. The first commands issued create a window named clock window and a ....

Brian W. Kernighan, Rob Pike. The UNIX Programming Environment. Prentice-Hall, Inc., 1984.

....first step towards chaos. The history of UNIX s development, and the original philosophy behind it, makes an interesting contrast with present day attitudes. UNIX was conceived as an adaptable operating system which would provide its users with a small, but powerful, collection of software tools (Kernighan Pike 1984). These were designed on a construction set principle so that the user could easily create a new tool from the existing set to meet a particular requirement. In addition, in UNIX users were actively encouraged to contribute ideas 6 UNIX is a trademark of Bell Laboratories and software to its ....

Kernighan, B. & Pike, R. (1984) "The UNIX Programming Environment", PrenticeHall, New Jersey.

....I O operations, the server creates a disk process for each storage area accessed by client applications. The disk processes access directly the server buffer pool, which is stored in shared memory, and communicate with the server threads using semaphores, message queues and UNIX domain sockets [KP84, Ste90] Client applications are linked with the EOS client library and perform all data and index manipulation during normal transaction execution. Each application may consist of many transactions but only one transaction at a time is executed. Each application has its own buffer pool for ....

B. Kernighan and R. Pike. The UNIX Programming Environment. Prentice-Hall Software Series, 1984.

....basis. The combination of polling only interrupts and unknown time of arrival for messages means that without an explicit acknowledgment from a process, the master server can not reliably know if the group data has been properly invalidated. An obvious solution would be to use a Unix signal [8] to a process to notify it of a group invalidation by interrupting its processing. If signals were reliable and portable, not all signals are supported on the nodes of an Intel hypercube, for example, it would be possible to cause a process to immediately acknowledge an invalidation and thereby ....

Brian W. Kernighan and Rob Pike. The UNIX programming Environment. Prentice Hall, Engelwood Cliffs, New Jersey, 1984.

....synthesis of program documentation. Reverse engineering, program concept recognition, and other program understanding tasks have used many different forms of program representation and search. To mention some of the key methods: some tools perform pattern matching on the raw source code as is[KP84] some tools inspect the abstract syntax tree of the code[HN90] other tools rely on a program database[Lin84] 1 . My design compliance checking framework exploits a database of structural information generated from the abstract syntax tree of the analyzed program. The idea behind program ....

B. W. Kernighan and R. Pike. The Unix Programming Environment. Prentice Hall, Eaglewood Cliffs, NJ, 1984.

....2 Comparison with Other Tools 2. 1 Tools based on regular expressions Why don t we just use the tools of the grep family in UNIX to specify patterns and extract the matches from the source code Both grep and egrep can match regular expressions, which is a powerful mechanism for pattern matching [16]. They both, however, have the following limitations that make them unsuitable for our purposes: ffl Writing certain code specifications using grep can be difficult, and sometimes impossible. For example, if one wished to look for a sequence of two statements a while followed by a for (both ....

....of grep family tools do not support the matching of newline characters. This is a serious drawback in the context of source code search where most meaningful patterns of code span multiple lines. Other tools that employ regular expressions for pattern matching include ed, sed, and awk. ed and sed [16] are text editors which allow find replace facilities on regular expressions (which in the case of sed can span multiple lines) essentially treating the source code as a character stream. Awk [1] is a pattern matching and processing language that views its input as a stream of records. While the ....

B.W. Kernighan and R. Pike. The UNIX Programming Environment. Prentice-Hall, 1984.

....prominent in dotplot plots may reflect characteristics such as repetitive control flow structure rather than duplication in the sense of dup. Other related work has been done in the areas of file comparison, genome sequencing, and data compression. The UNIX diff program for file comparison [KP] and algorithms for genome sequencing [SK,LMW] have been based on finding a best match (longest common subsequence or smallest edit distance) between two sets of data, from start to end, whereas dup looks for pairs of shorter related sections that could appear in any order. Data compression ....

Brian W. Kernighan and Rob Pike, The UNIX Programming Environment, Prentice-Hall (1984), Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey.

....or substitutions) from each other, as studied, for example, in [CL,GG] Even exact or approximate matches to regular expressions [Aho,MM,WM] do not involve any notion of relating repeated occurrences of corresponding (but different) symbols. The UNIX grep pattern matching program and ed editor [KP] allow a pattern to be a restricted regular expression with backreferencing to refer to parts of the text matching earlier parts of the pattern, as described in [Aho] this problem is NP complete [Aho] and the algorithms implemented are undocumented but are based on backtracking and do not ....

Brian W. Kernighan and Rob Pike, The UNIX Programming Environment, PrenticeHall (1984), Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey.

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B. W. Kernighan and R. Pike, The Unix Programming Environment, Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey 1984.

....derivatives. For completeness, Figure 4 shows the same PDE described in the original interface, together with some help from the UNIX shell for naming parameters. The program that processes the description in Figure 3 was constructed using the language development tools described by Kernighan and Pike [1984, Chapter 8] It serves as an interface to three different but related Port routines, for handling ODEs, implicit ODEs, and PDEs. The program is implemented with 160 lines of Lex (for lexical analysis) 1070 lines of Yacc (for parsing) 2100 lines of C, and a 250 line Fortran template. All of ....

Kernighan, B. W. and R. Pike [1984]. The UNIX Programming Environment, Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ.

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B.W. Kernighan and R. Pike, The UNIX Programming Environment. Prentice-Hall, 1984.

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B. W. Kernighan and J. R. Mashey. "The Unix Programming Environment." In IEEE Computer, vol. 14, no. 4, pp. 12-24, April 1981.

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B. W. Kernighan and J. R. Mashey. "The Unix Programming Environment." In IEEE Computer, vol. 14, no. 4, pp. 12-24, April 1981.

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B. Kernighan, R. Pike, "The Unix Programming Environment" Prentice Hall, 1984

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Kernighan, B. W. and Pike, R. (1984). The unix programming environment. Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ.

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B. W. Kernighan and R. Pike, The Unix Programming Environment, Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, N.J., 1984.

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Kerninghan, B. W. and Pike, R., The Unix Programming environment. Prentice Hall Inc., 1978.

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B. Kernighan and R. Pike, The UNIX Programming Environment, Prentice-Hall Inc., Englewood Cliffs, N. J., 1984.

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B. W. Kernighan and R. Pike. The UNIX Programming Environment. Prentice-Hall, 1984.

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B. Kernighan and R. Pike, The UNIX Programming Environment, Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ, 1985.

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B. Kernighan and R. Pike, The UNIX Programming Environment (Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice-Hall, Inc., 1984).

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B. Kernighan and R. Pike. The Unix Programming Environment. Prentice-Hall, 1984.

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Brian W. Kernighan and Rob Pike. The UNIX Programming Environment. Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ, 1984.

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B.W. Kernighan and R. Pike. The UNIX Programming Environment. Prentice Hall Software Series, 1984.

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B. W. Kernighan and R. Pike, The UNIX Programming Environment, Prentice-Hall, 1984.

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B. W. Kernighan and J. R. Mashey, "The UNIX Programming Environment", IEEE Computer 14(4), pp. 12-24 (April 1981).

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