| Z. Zhang. Flexible camera calibration by viewing a plane from unknown orientations. In ICCV, 1999. |
....coordinates. Camera calibration is the process of solving for both A and RT , and pose estimation is the process of solving for RT based on a given A. The most common method for solving for the intrinsic matrix uses multiple images of a planar calibration pattern consisting of a checkerboard [9]. This calibration method also calculates the pose estimation parameters RT the relative position and orientation of the camera and the checkerboard pattern. Other work that explicitly uses ellipses as part of planar patterns for calibration and pose estimation include Rothwell [6] who ....
....the fitted conic be an ellipse, although the projection of the 3D ellipse is a 2D ellipse. We restrict our search error function to the visible portion of the ellipse. This means that the conic only needs to fit in the area where we have boundary pixels. 5 Intrinsic Parameters We use Zhang s [9] algorithm to calculate the intrinsic parameters at the beginning of a capture session. We color one white space yellow in order to uniquely determine the orientation of the pattern. The checkerboard coordinate system should be the same as the cone s coordinate system. We put the checkerboard on ....
Zhengyou Zhang. Flexible camera calibration by viewing a plane from unknown orientations. In ICCV, pages 666--673, 1999.
....to low quality cameras, changing lighting positions, occlusions, and partial visibility. The calibration pattern is a set of color coded ellipses with a transparent region in the middle for drawing. We compare the accuracy of this pattern to the standard position estimation using a checkerboard [20]. We had several goals for this project. First, the device must be robust to di#erent working conditions, including poor quality cameras and changes in lighting. Second, the calibration pattern must work when partially occluded or when part of the pattern is out of the camera s field of view. The ....
Zhengyou Zhang. Flexible camera calibration by viewing a plane from unknown orientations. In ICCV, pages 666--673, 1999.
....it is shown which types of equations can be obtained. In many practical circumstances, self ) calibration of intrinsic cameras and parallelepiped parameters can be done by solving linear equation systems. Our approach has some similarities with methods based on planar patterns and homographies [18, 21]. While more flexible than standard calibration techniques, homography based approaches require either Euclidean information or, for self calibration, many images in general position [19] The approach presented in this paper works for a small number of images (a single image for example) and can ....
Zhang, Z.: Flexible Camera Calibration By Viewing a Plane From Unknown Orientations. ICCV (1999) 666--673
....transformation, also known as the interior orientation of a camera, is calculated during the camera calibration. The extracted parameters are the focal length c, the principal point c p = x 0 y 0 ] and the coefficients for the lens distortion model. For a more detailed explanation see Zhang [8]. We store the affine transformation together with the perspective transformation in matrix A: A = # # # c 0 x 0 0 0 cy 0 0 0010 0000 # # (1) The exterior orientation is represented by the Euler angles #, #, # and the translation of the origin of the world coordinate system into the ....
.... registration of all views and reconstruction of the 3D model 4: for all polygons of the reconstructed model do 5: build a quadtree using all views 6: extract a texture with the desired resolution Step one of the method is to calibrate the camera, where we use an algorithm introduced by Zhang [8]. 3 The outcome of the algorithm consists of the intrinsic parameters and parameters describing the lens distortion. This is an off line process and has to be done only once for a fixed camera lens setting. Next all necessary views to reconstruct the model and the texture have to be taken. ....
Z. Zhang. Flexible camera calibration by viewing a plane from unknown orientations. In International Conference on Computer Vision (ICCV'99), pages 666--673, Corfu, Greece, September 1999. 14
....and for detecting nonrigid motions are also discussed. Index Terms Homographies, homologies, motion estimation, multiview analysis. I INTRODUCTION OMOGRAPHY estimation is used for 3D analysis [18] 10] 21] 25] 11] 7] 14] 17] 16] mosaicing [13] camera calibration [26] [31], and more. The induced homography between a pair of views depends on the intrinsic and extrinsic camera parameters and on the 3D plane parameters [10] While camera parameters vary across different views, the plane geometry remains the same. In this paper, we show how we can exploit this fact to ....
Z. Zhang, "Flexible Camera Calibration By Viewing a Plane From Unknown Orientations," Proc. Int'l Conf. Computer Vision, Sept. 1999.
....image using the inverse of the homography computed for pattern subtraction. Thus, the same camera calibration method can be used for the camera itself and the projector. For our experiments, we chose a method that takes as input several views of a sin gle planar grid seen at various orientations [14]. This method is freely available as a camera calibration toolbox for MATLAB 2, or as part of the Intel OpenCV 3 library. One interesting fact is that we found the optical center of the projector at the bottom of the image: since the projectors are usually put lower than the projection screen, ....
Z. Zhang. Flexible camera calibration by viewing a plane from unknown orientations. In Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Computer Vision, pages 666-673, Kerkyra, Greece, 1999. IEEE Computer Society, IEEE Computer Society Press.
....image using the inverse of the homography computed for pattern subtraction. Thus, the same camera calibration method can be used for the camera itself and the projector. For our experiments, we chose a method that takes as input several views of a single planar grid seen at various orientations [14]. This method is freely available as a camera calibration toolbox for Matlab , or as part of the Intel OpenCV library. One interesting fact is that we found the optical center of the projector at the bottom of the image: since the projectors are usually put lower than the projection screen, ....
Z. Zhang. Flexible camera calibration by viewing a plane from unknown orientations. In Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Computer Vision, pages 666673, Kerkyra, Greece, 1999. IEEE Computer Society, IEEE Computer Society Press.
....160 degrees. Both camera types are equipped with CCD imaging sensors. We use C and CS mount lenses with focal lengths between 2.8mm and 6mm. For calibrating the six cameras, we employed the Caltec camera calibration toolbox (http: www.vision.caltech.edu bouguetj calib doc ) which is based on [8, 33]. Each of the six cameras is connected via FireWire to a 1.2 GHz Athlon Linux based PC System, where the 2D video is recorded. The camera acquisition software is based on the linux1394 project (http: sf.net projects linux1394 ) and the libdc1394 digital camera control library for Linux ....
Z. Zhang. "Flexible camera calibration by viewing a plane from unknown orientations." In Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Computer Vision 99, pages 666--673. IEEE Computer Society Press, 1999.
....we show a virtual studio application of our pattern. 1. Introduction Camera calibration is a first step in all vision and media applications The standard method for calibration is to place a planar grid pattern of a known geometry and compute the camera parameters by observing its images [5, 6, 7]. For this computation, we must match observed grid points to their positions in the original pattern This paper presents a method for automating this process by designing a grid pattern in such a way that the cross ratio of adjacent intervals is different everywhere Since the cross ratio is ....
Z. Zhang, Flexible camera calibration by viewing a plane from unknown orientations, Proc. 7th Int. Conf. Computer Vision, September 1999, Kerkya, Greece, pp. 666-673.
....that we use mid its internal parameters. Thus, camera calibration is a first step in all vision and media applications. The standard method for it is pre calibration: the camera internal parameters are determined from images of objects or patterns of known 3 D geometry in a controlled environment [1, 18, 29, 34, 36, 37]. Recently, techniques for computing both the camera parameters and the 3 D positions of the camera from an image sequence of the scene about which we have no prior knowledge have intensively been studied [3, 24] Such a technique, known as self calibration, may be useful in unknown environments ....
Z. Zhang, Flexible camera calibration by viewing a plane from unknown orientations, Proc. 7th Int. Conf Cornput. Vision, September, 1999, Kerkya, Greece, pp. 666 673. This article was processed using the ITEX macro package with LLNCS style
....a typical stereo head be applied to any scene, planar or not. The most prominent and general work on planar calibration is clearly that of Triggs [21] but others have considered the same problem. By assuming various scene constraints, most usually known metric structure or known orthogonality, [11, 19, 22] all develop simple, flexible monocular calibration methods which are not reliant on initial guesses at the calibration values. We make no assumptions about the scene viewed, other than its planarity, but do require the special motions stereo heads provide. However note that in constrast to [6, ....
Z.Y. Zhang. Flexible camera calibration by viewing a plane from unknown orientations. In Proc. 7th Int'l Conf. on Computer Vision, Corfu, pages 666-673, 1999.
....do not move or change their calibration, P s,t is con Since we create the focal surface at run time, we know T F . Likewise, P s,t is known for synthetic light fields. For captured light fields, P s,t can either be assumed or calibrated using readily available camera calibration techniques [26, 28]. ####### ######### # ##### # ####### ######### ######################### ############################### # # # # Figure 3: Given a ray r = s0,t ,g)F , we find the rays (s # ,t # ,u # ,v # ) and (s ## ,t ## ,u ## ,v ## ) in the data cameras D s # ,t # and D s ## ,t ## which intersect ....
Z.Y. Zhang. Flexible camera calibration by viewing a plane from unknown orientations. In ICCV, pages 666--673, 1999.
....two images of the scene is underdetermined, and thus calculation of projective structure is not ordinarily possible. There has been limited previous work in self calibration in these degenerate circumstances. Most assumes various scene constraints such as known metric structure, for ex ample [9, 11]. Most notably, Triggs [10] has shown that calibration is possible from 5 or more monocular views of an unknown planar scene. The disadvantage of Triggs method is that it relies on a bundle adjustment procedure with no clear cut initialisation. 6] by contrast uses geometry for stereo ....
Z. Zhang. Flexible camera calibration by viewing a plane from unknown orientations. In Proc. 7th lnt'l Conf on Computer Vision, Corfu, pages 6664573, 1999.
....transformation also known as the interiour orientation of a camera is calculated during the camera calibration. The extracted parameters are the focal length c, the principal point ## # #x # y # # , and the coefficients for the lens distortion model. For a more detailed explanation see [8]. We store the affine transformation together with the perspective transformation in matrix #: c # x # # # c y # # (1) The exterior orientation is represented by the Euler angles ; and the translation of the origin of the world coordinate system into the center of projection #X # ....
.... registration of all views and reconstruction of the 3D model 4: for all polygons of the reconstructed model do 5: build a quadtree using all views 6: extract a texture with the desired resolution Step one of the method is to calibrate the camera, where we use an algorithm introduced by Zhang [8]. The outcome of the algorithm are the intrinsic parameters and parameters describing the lens distortion. This is an off line process and has to be done only once for a fixed cameralens setting. Next all necessary views to reconstruct the model and the texture have to be taken. Registration and ....
Z. Zhang. Flexible camera calibration by viewing a plane from unknown orientations. In International Conference on Computer Vision (ICCV'99), pages 666--673, Corfu, Greece, September 1999.
....method first introduced by the MIT Media Laboratory [14] we rely on classical photogrammetric calibration approaches determining lens distortion, interior and exterior orientation. The technique used for the complete calibration of the stereo rig is based on Zhang s approaches described in [15], 16] Blob Detection. Based on the illumination hardware and markers we use, the resultant input image shows a dark background (no IR reflectivity) and a bright spot for every marker visible to the camera (see Fig. 3) Thus, simple thresholding is sufficient to provide a good segmentation of ....
Z. Zhang, "Flexible camera calibration by viewing a plane from unknown orientation," in Proceedings IEEE International Conference on Computer Vision, Corfu, Greece, September 1999, pp. 666--673.
....of the calibration object supplies the 3D coordinates of a set of reference points in a coordinate system attached to the calibration object. Thus, the transformation relating the 3D coordinates to their associated image projections can be recovered through an optimization process. Recently, Zhang [58] alleviated some of the restrictions imposed by grid based calibration methods by proposing a technique based on the observation of a planar calibration pattern. Despite that intrinsic calibration can be accurately computed with such approaches, their major drawback is that they are suitable for ....
Z. Zhang. Flexible camera calibration by viewing a plane from unknown orientations. In Proc. of ICCV'99, pages 666--673, Kerkyra, Greece, sep. 1999.
....any prior information regarding the position of the instruments. The per operative images are acquired with the stereoscopic endoscope delivering the 3D vision of the operating field to the surgeon. The endoscope is calibrated with a planar calibration grid observed from different points of view [8]. 2.1 Stereoscopy First, the endoscopic images are rectified and a correlation based stereo algorithm is used to obtain a 3D reconstruction of the scene in the frame of the endoscope. This reconstruction the reconstructed scene presents some holes because of the correlation errors is ....
Z. Zhang. Flexible camera calibration by viewing a plane from unknown orientations. In Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Computer Vision, pages 666--673, Kerkyra, Greece, 1999. IEEE Computer Society, IEEE Computer Society Press. 2
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Z. Zhang. Flexible camera calibration by viewing a plane from unknown orientations. In Proc. 7th Int. Conf. on Computer Vision, Kerkyra, Greece, 1999.
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Z. Zhang, "Flexible camera calibration by viewing a plane from unknown orientations," in Proc. Int. Conf. on Computer Vision (ICCV'99), pp. 666--673, 1999.
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ZHANG, Z. 1999. Flexible camera calibration by viewing a plane from unknown orientations. In Proceedings of the International Conference on Computer Vision. 666--673.
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ZHANG Z.: Flexible camera calibration by viewing a plane from unknown orientations. In 7th Int. Conference on Computer Vision (1999), pp. 666--673. 4 submitted to EUROGRAPHICS 2004.
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Zhang, Z., Flexible camera calibration by viewing a plane from unknown orientations, Proc. 7th Int. Conference on Computer Vision, pp. 666---673, 1999 http://www.merl.com/projects/ProjectorMosaic/
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Zhengyou Zhang. Flexible camera calibration by viewing a plane from unknown orientations. In 7th IEEE International Conference on Computer Vision, pages 666--673, 1999.
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Z. Zhang. Flexible camera calibration by viewing a plane from unknown orientations. In ICCV, pages 666--673, 1999.
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Z. Zhang. Flexible camera calibration by viewing a plane from unknown orientations. In International Conference on Computer Vision (ICCV'99), pages 666--673, Corfu, Greece, September 1999.
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Z. Zhang. Flexible camera calibration by viewing a plane from unknown orientations. In September 1999.
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Z.Zhang, Flexible camera calibration by viewing a plane from unknown orientations, Proc. ICCV'99, Vol.I: 666-673, 1999
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Z. Zhang, "Flexible Camera Calibration by Viewing a Plane from Unknown Orientations", Proceedings International Conference on Computer Vision, pp. 666-673, Corfu, Greece, 1999.
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Zhang, Z., Flexible camera calibration by viewing a plane from unknown orientations, Proc. 7th Int. Conference on Computer Vision, pp. 666---673, 1999 http://www.merl.com/projects/ProjectorMosaic/
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Z. Zhang. "Flexible Camera Calibration By Viewing a Plane From Unknown Orientations", International Conference on Computer Vision (ICCV'99), Corfu, Greece, pages 666-673, September 1999;
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Z. Zhang. Flexible camera calibration by viewing a plane from unknown orientations. In Proc International Conference on Computer Vision, volume 1, pages 666--673, 1999. 8
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Z. Zhang. Flexible Camera Calibration By Viewing a Plane From Unknown Orientations. In Int. Conf. on Computer Vision (ICCV'99), Corfu, Greece, pages 666--673, September 1999.
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Zhang, Z., "Flexible camera calibration by viewing a plane from unknown orientations", Proc. 7th Int. Conference on Computer Vision, pp. 666-673, 1999.
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