P. D. Stotts and R. Furuta. Dynamic adaptation of hypertext structure. In Hypertext'91 Proc., San Antonio, TX, USA, pages 219--231. ACM, 1991.  Home/Search   Document Not in Database   Summary   Related Articles   Check

....conversion has met with variable success [5] 8] One problem with automatic creation of hypertexts is lack of feedback about which of the many potential links will be useful to the reader. Dynamic linking techniques based on user feedback have been implemented in some small systems (e.g. [15]) but these techniques have not been shown to scale to large collections. Thus, hypertext has shown the promise of fluid, intuitive interaction but has suffered from limitations of scale. Some of these limitations have been resolved by incorporating query facilities into hypertext interfaces ....

Stotts, P.D. and Furuta, R. Dynamic Adaptation of Hypertext Structure. In Proceedings of Hypertext '91 (San Antonio, TX, 1991), ACM Press, 219--231

....uses the structure and execution semantics of statecharts to specify both the contents (including the linked structure) and the browsing semantics of a hyperdocument. This logical structure can be interpreted to generate a final product to be delivered to users. As in other models (e.g. Trellis [18,19]) hyperdocument contents and linked structures, as well as its logical structure and its mapping to specific physical representations, are effectively separated. Therefore, a single model representation may be used to generate different versions, or different presentations, of the same ....

....because the approach of token marking is too general, as there are no restrictions on the marking process and the hypergraphs behave as general finite state machines. Moreover, the graphical representation associated to hypergraphs does not clarify their dynamic behaviour. Stotts and Furuta [18,19] proposed the Trellis model, based on Petri nets. This model uses the Petri net structure and execution semantics not only to represent the structure but also to specify the browsing semantics of a hypertext document. However, a major shortcoming of the Petri net based model is the lack of ....

Stotts, P.D. ; Furuta, R. Dynamic adaptation of hypertext structure , In: Proceedings of the ACM Hypertext91, New York, p.219-230, December 1991.

....based model for hypermedia object presentation called HAS (Hypermedia Authoring System) The NCM (Nested Context Model) 16] is a hypermedia conceptual model that supports nested composite nodes and synchronization aspects. The Trellis model was also been extended to support timing requirements [17, 18]. The model proposed in this paper has some similarities with the timing model adopted by Trellis. This paper introduces a new model called XHMBS (eXtended HMBS) 13,19] that provides a visual formalism for the specification of general hypermedia systems, using hypercharts as an alternative to ....

....the reader is not interacting with the multimedia presentation. DISCUSSION The Trellis model [17] was originally developed for hypertext applications, and uses Petri nets not only to represent the structure but also to specify the browsing semantics of a hypertext document. Stotts and Furuta [18] extended Trellis incorporating a timing mechanism that modifies the event durations in a document without changing the links in the underlying Petri net. The MORENA model [2] is a descendant of Trellis targeted at the description and execution of hypermedia applications allowing flexibility ....

Stotts, P.D. and Furuta, R. Dynamic adaptation of hypertext structure, in Proceedings Hypertext'91, Third ACM Conference on Hypertext (San Antonio, Texas, December 15-18, 1991), pp.219-231.

....contextual link generation engines are also close analogues to Sprocs as defined by Nrnberg, et al. [17] Text is almost exclusively an archived data source, authored once and stored, and then presented as pre established data to the user. Research into dynamic text systems is established [3, 15, 21], but it is our opinion that text will not reach the temporally and spatially dynamic properties of video in the near future. Video allows for, and generally requires, different approaches to anchor generation than does text. Given these trends and issues, we have identified three independent ....

Stotts, P. D., R. Furuta, Dynamic adaptation of hypertext structure, Hypertext '91 Proceedings, ACM, San Antonio TX, 1991, pp. 219-232.

....transactionbased, multi user server for a hypertext storage system. The Trellis model [11] is a formal semantic specification of a hypertext based on petri nets. The same authors have regarded hypertexts as automata and have used model checking to prove some properties of a given hypertext [12]. Hypertexts have also been formalised as graphs [13] However, to the best of our knowledge, no model is used to compare the expressive power of hypertext systems. The physics and programming language communities use a black box approach to compare systems: a set of observable events is used ....

....of observable events is used to compare systems, independently of their internal behaviour. We adopt a similar approach in this paper: we model hyperdocuments and hypertext systems as abstract machines, i.e. kinds of automata, and we compare them according to a set of observable events. As others [12, 14], we study the dynamic properties of hypertexts in terms of reader s experience . At this point, let us just state that we adopt the capability of following links as an observable event of a hypertext. Having developed a formal way to compare hypertext systems, we first use it to answer Brown ....

[Article contains additional citation context not shown here]

P. David Stotts and Richard Furuta, (1991). Dynamic Adaptation of Hypertext Structure. In Proceedings of Hypertext'91.

....should rather consider the two aspects and therefore distinguish the rhetoric level and the navigation structure level. On this second level, as pointed in [Garzotto91] the navigation structure comprises static aspects (structure of nodes and links) and dynamic aspects (control of navigation [Stotts91]) Therefore, we argue that rhetoric patterns should emphasize on the intention of inducing some effect on the user during navigation (problem) and the necessary associated order of visit of information units (solution) Implementation of the solution should then map the order of visit on ....

Stotts, P.D., & Furuta, R., Dynamic adaptation of hypertext structure, in Proc. Hypertext'91, ACM Press, 219-232.

....means that the mode setting commands are automatically invoked by the system, under certain circumstances. During the execution of the application, the system could establish the proper configuration of modes depending upon the user profile, the pattern of usage, the task being accomplished, etc. [13, 16]. This solution is the most ambitious and could appear very attractive, but is also the most complex. In practice, it is seldom adopted, and if adopted, it is seldom fully satisfactory. A simple example of automatic mode adaptation can be found in the Louvre multimedia CDROM (a French product by ....

Stotts P.D., Furuta R. "Dynamic Adaptation of Hypertext Structure". In Proc. ACM Hypertext'91, S. Antonio (TX), Dec. 1991

....uses the structure and execution semantics of statecharts to specify both the contents (including the linked structure) and the browsing semantics of a hyperdocument. This logical structure can be interpreted to generate a final product to be delivered to users. As in other models (e.g. Trellis [18,19]) hyperdocument contents and linked structures, as well as its logical structure and its mapping to specific physical representations, are effectively separated. Therefore, a single model representation may be used to generate different versions, or different presentations, of the same ....

....because the approach of token marking is too general, as there are no restrictions on the marking process and the hypergraphs behave as general finite state machines. Moreover, the graphical representation associated to hypergraphs does not clarify their dynamic behaviour. Stotts and Furuta [18,19] proposed the Trellis model, based on Petri nets. This model uses the Petri net structure and execution semantics not only to represent the structure but also to specify the browsing semantics of a hypertext document. However, a major shortcoming of the Petri net based model is the lack of ....

Stotts, P.D.; Furuta, R. "Dynamic adaptation of hypertext structure", In: Proceedings of the ACM Hypertext91, New York, p.219-230, December 1991.

....they might want it to work then the system has a much better chance of success. Hence, the goal is to provide the users with as much flexibility as possible in structuring the environment to suit their needs. Such extensibility has proven effective in other domains, such as hypertext systems [10], custom database applications, and Computer Aided Design (CAD) systems. Business application suites are also beginning to provide scripting languages as a kind of unifying coordination mechanism. For example, Microsoft 1 intends to use Visual Basic for Applications (VBA) 11] as a common ....

P. D. Stotts and R. Furuta. Dynamic adaptation of hypertext structure. In Proceedings of Hypertext '91 (San Antonio, Texas; December 15-18, 1991), pages 219--231, December 1991. ACM Order Number 614910.

....basic Petri net mechanism can be used to provide a number of novel hypertext features. For example, Trellis timing mechanism, which controls the duration of display of components of the hypertext, can be used to effect an apparent modification of a hypertext over time and for different readers [51]. This can be accomplished while leaving the underlying hypertext unchanged by manipulating the minimum and maximum duration of Trellis events. For example, by setting the maximum duration of a button appearance transition 1 to zero, that button is effectively deleted from the reader s view of ....

P. David Stotts and Richard Furuta. Dynamic adaptation of hypertext structure. In Hypertext '91 Proceedings, pages 219--231. Association for Computing Machinery Press, 1991.

....contents coming from the application (using bridge laws) to provide virtual link markers by highlighting the objects. It tailored different views of the application based on different sets of filters. Stotts and Furuta describe virtual structures as dynamic adaptation of hypertext structure [Stotts Furuta, 1991]. It involves collecting information from user interaction with a hypertext system, making inferences and decisions based on this information and creating appropriate physical changes in the document at appropriate times. Adaptation can occur at two levels behavior of the document (timing of ....

. Stotts, P.David, and Furuta, Richard. Dynamic Adaptation of Hypertext Structure, Proceedings of Hypertext '91, ACM Press, 1991.

....they might want it to work then the system has a much better chance of success. Hence, the goal is to provide the user with as much flexibility as possible in structuring the hypertext to suit their needs. Similar extensibility has proven effective in other hypertext systems (for example, [25]) and in our own work on program understanding [26] One of the advantages of structured hypertext is the use of a hierarchy as a structuring mechanism. Such a hierarchy can be used to address a single concept; a (flat) semantic network has no such central theme. However, the structure of the ....

P. D. Stotts and R. Furuta. Dynamic adaptation of hypertext structure. In Proceedings of Hypertext '91 (San Antonio, Texas; December 15-18, 1991), pages 219--231, December 1991. ACM Order Number 614910.

....shop, there is some evidence that the user may also be interested in sports. Therefore, a link may be added to the currently visited page which suggests to have a look at the sports page too. The idea of adding suggestions to a requested page can also be found in the hypertext community e.g. [65], and in more recent systems for assisted web access such as WebWatcher [13] and Letizia [48] For example, Letizia takes into account feedback from the user (links followed and keyword searches performed) to improve the quality of navigation hints. 3.2 Design of Life like Characters Empirical ....

P. Stotts and R. Furuta. Dynamic adaptation of hypertext structure. In Proceedings of the Third ACM Conference on Hypertext. Assocation of Computing Machinery, 1991.

....Memory restructuring is another challenge. Human memory can restructure itself in response to changing circumstances. This enables relevant events to be retrieved easier than less important ones. What kind of hypermedia restructuring mechanisms are needed to support this Stotts and Furuta [28] describe time based adaptation mechanisms of hypertext networks. Some links may appear or disappear according to the amount of time spent by the user on a node. Similarly, node contents can be re evaluated based on timing parameters. More work in this area is needed to achieve the kind of ....

P. David Stotts and Richard Furuta. Dynamic Adaptation of Hypertext Structure. In Hypertext ' 91 Proceedings, pages 219--232. ACM, ACM Press, December 1991.

....use Petri nets in UI was made by Shew Yoo in 1989 [SY89] in his project KBSE (Knowledge Base Software Environment) This supported concurrent programming based on Object Oriented Knowledgebase. In 1991 David Scott and Richard Furuta used Petri nets in modelling the behavior of a Hypertext System [FS89, SF91, SFR92]. They used petri nets for specification of presentation objects when a hypertext is browsed. Petri net al..so provided modelling of synchronization of simultaneous traversals of separate paths through the Hypertext. Jensen, Shapiro and Albrecht developed hierarchical Colored Petri nets based ....

P. David Stotts and Richard Furuta. Dynamic adaptation of hypertext structure, 1991.

....can be assembled using a scripting language to transparently integrate existing capabilities. User interfaces and preference settings can be configured and adjusted as desired. Such programmability has proven effective in numerous application domains, including hypertext systems (for example, [7]) custom database applications, Computer Aided Design (CAD) systems, communications products, and statistical analysis packages. Custom database applications involve data entry screens that can be tailored to resemble paper forms and programmed for improved consistency and correctness of entries. ....

P. D. Stotts and R. Furuta. Dynamic adaptation of hypertext structure. In Proceedings of Hypertext '91 (San Antonio, Texas; December 15-18, 1991), pages 219--231, December 1991. ACM Order Number 614910.

.... overlays [46] MMM like multi user workstations [4] extensible message filtering rules such as those provided by Object Lens [30] decision support and negotiation support modules such as SCS [26] and Coop [44] and multi user hypertext systems such as ABC [52] Hyper G [7] and Trellis [54]. Finally, further work of the kind reported in [42] and [16] is necessary to identify (a) which of the various design decisions taken by our work and related works on multi user frameworks are fundamental principles that any multi user framework must support and (b) the relationships among ....

P. David Stotts and Richard Furuta, "Dynamic Adaptation of Hypertext Structure," Proceedings of the Third ACM Conference on Hypertext, December 1991.

.... his (or her) search work within 60 time units, otherwise the user s window will be forced to move to the next state window (see Figure 3 (d) The time value can easily be adjusted to a reasonable value by an author of this net, or, indeed, adjusted dynamically based on the reader s performance [19]. When the restart link is clicked, the user will be reclassified as being an on campus or off campus user based on new environmental values: time of day, distance from campus, and incoming IP address (in current example, only time of day is dynamically changing) Implementation. In the caT ....

STOTTS, P.D. and FURUTA, R. "Dynamic Adaptation of Hypertext Structure", Proceedings of Hypertext ' 91, (1991), pp. 219-231

....enough for the specification of general hypermedia applications. These systems mainly provide presenting capabilities with no (or few) user interaction capabilities. Some of the Petri net based models that satisfy the requirements of general hypermedia applications are Trellis [6] 22] 23] [24], HTSPN (Hierarchical Time Stream Petri Net) 21] 27] MHPN (Multimedia Hypermedia Petri Net) 26] and MORENA (Multimedia ORganization Employing a Network Approach) 1] The Trellis project, initiated in the late 1980 s, investigated the structure and semantics of human computer interaction, ....

STOTTS, P.D. and FURUTA, R. "Dynamic Adaptation of Hypertext Structure", In Proceedings of Hypertext '91 (1991), pp. 219-231.

....the Stale URL Problem David Stotts Department of Computer Science University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill http: www.cs. unc.edu stotts Stotts and Furuta presented a paper at Hypertext 91 on how to use the timed links in Trellis to manipulate the apparent structure of a hyperdocument [1]. From the questions and discussion at the conference, I concluded that the community largely did not see a pressing need for either timed links or the manipulations described in the paper, which included selectively hiding content elements and selectively hiding links. Timing is here to stay, ....

....many are finding in the Web. For lack of a better name, call it the Stale URL problem: when a Web page is moved (or when file directory names are changed) any URLs to the original page that remain out there in other pages effectively point to missing information. Based on the results in [1], we demonstrate here how to use the timing feature of Netscape to solve the Stale URL problem. This solution is controlled in a decentrallized fashion, by individual authors, without the need to keep up to date a central relocation file for the server. In the following discussion we will refer ....

[Article contains additional citation context not shown here]

P. David Stotts and Richard Furuta. Dynamic adaptation of hypertext structure. In Proceedings of Hypertext 91, pages 219--231. ACM, December 1991. 2

....context of the Trellis hypermedia model and our current Trellis implementation. For clarity and completeness of the discussion, we include an informal description of the extended Trellis model, based on colored timed Petri nets. This model is more expressive than that of earlier Trellis models [13, 5, 15, 16], and can now used for specifying collaboration protocols (specifications of how group members interact in a collaboration) We have shown how to use collaborative protocols and other process specifications in Trellis for software process definition [17] prototyping CSCW systems [4] and ....

P. David Stotts and Richard Furuta. Dynamic adaptation of hypertext structure. In Proceedings of Hypertext 91, pages 219--231. ACM, December 1991.

....the correctness of important browsing properties. From this formal description, we then derive the Java classes that are dynamically loaded into CobWeb to implement the new behavior. The concept of hyperdocument browsing semantics was defined and first investigated in the Trellis project [15, 16, 10]. In the various Trellis prototypes, browsing semantics was specified within each document by using the links to implicitly define a parallel automaton (specifically, a Petri net) that formally defined the multi threaded behavior of the document. Early uses for Trellis included controlling ....

Stotts, P. D., and Furuta, R. Dynamic adaptation of hypertext structure. In Proceedings of Hypertext 91 (Dec. 1991), ACM, pp. 219--231.

....considered to fire instantaneously, like the clicking of a button in a hypertext interface. Time values in Trellis are thought of as defining ranges for the availability of an event. In a previous report we showed how transition timings are used to adapt net execution to user browsing behavior [14]. Though we use timed events in Trellis hyperprograms, space prevents us from discussing them further in our examples here. Details on use of timed events have been reported elsewhere [13, 15] Annotations on a CTN A Trellis hyperprogram is completed by giving annotations for the components of ....

Stotts, P. D., and Furuta, R. Dynamic adaptation of hypertext structure. In Proceedings of Hypertext 91 (Dec. 1991), ACM, pp. 219--231.

.... specification of a path through a sequence of invocations of separate computer applications (see, for IMPORTANT PAPERS IN THE HISTORY OF DOCUMENT PREPARATION SYSTEMS 43 example, Zellweger s scripted documents [20,21] invocation of processes as a side effect of executing an automaton (for example [22,23]) and associating actions with objects in a traditionally displayed document (see [24]and[25] for example) In summary then, research into document preparation applications remains important in improving the capabilities of systems for specifying paper based documents. In addition, the ....

P. David Stotts and Richard Furuta, `Dynamic adaptation of hypertext structure', in Third ACM Conference on Hypertext Proceedings, pp. 219--231. ACM, New York, (December 1991).

....the protocol s verification. It is the dynamic characteristics of the hyperprogram that permit the prototyping and deployment of the resulting specification. Section 2 will present the current description of the Trellis hypertext model. This model is a refinement of those previously described [24, 6, 25, 27], is based on colored, timed Petri nets, and has been implemented in several versions using a clientserver based architecture [8] Following the description of the model, section 3 will give three brief examples its use in protocol specification in two example domains Software Engineering ....

....left of center represents the state of the temperature sensor. 2 Events in the SCR sense are represented as transitions between states. Note that the temperature sensor fragment depends on the Trellis transition timing mechanism and also on Trellis previously described dynamic adaptation agents [27] to translate externally detected temperature readings into system invoked transition firings. The fragment on the right hand side ties the event transitions into the temperature system s specification. In this net the shorthand notation of Place Name means that the correspondingly named Petri ....

P. David Stotts and Richard Furuta. Dynamic adaptation of hypertext structure. In Third ACM Conference on Hypertext Proceedings, pages 219--231. ACM, New York, December 1991.

....existence, and an associative link structure relating together the components of the applications (agents, activities, information, etc. Our domains of Trellis investigation include: hypertext and hypermedia, in which multiple readers can share and interact with the linked information elements [SF91]; image browsing indexes, where images are classified according to common characteristics, and the manner of filtering and sharing images among collaborating astronomers is encoded in the net structure defining the index; parallel program browsers, where the coordination of a CPS is applied to ....

P. David Stotts and Richard Furuta. Dynamic adaptation of hypertext structure. In Third ACM Conference on Hypertext Proceedings, pages 219--231. ACM, New York, December 1991.

....work is presented in the context of the Trellis hypermedia model and our current Trellis implementation. For clarity of discussion, we include an informal description of the extended Trellis model, based on colored timed Petri nets. This model is more expressive than that of earlier Trellis models [14, 6, 16, 17], and can This work is based upon work supported by the National Science Foundation under grants IRI 9007746, IRI 9015439 and IRI 9496187, as well as the Texas Advanced Research Program under Grant No. 999903 155. now used for specifying collaboration protocols (specifications of how group ....

P. David Stotts and Richard Furuta. Dynamic adaptation of hypertext structure. In Proceedings of Hypertext 91, pages 219--231. ACM, December 1991.

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P. D. Stotts and R. Furuta. Dynamic adaptation of hypertext structure. In Hypertext'91 Proc., San Antonio, TX, USA, pages 219--231. ACM, 1991.

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P. D. Stotts and R. Furuta. Dynamic adaptation of hypertext structure. In Hypertext'91 Proc., San Antonio, TX, USA, pages 219--231. ACM, 1991.

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P. David Stotts. "Dynamic adaptation of hypertext structure" in Proceedings of ACM Hypertext '91, San Antonio, TX, 219-231, December 1991.

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P.David Stotts and Richard Furuta. Dynamic adaptation of hypertext structure. In Proceedings of Hypertext 91, pages 219--231, December 1991.

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