J. Suzuki and M. Taka. Missing packet recovery techniques for low-bit-rate coded speech. IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications, 7(5), June 1989.  Home/Search   Document Not in Database   Summary   Related Articles   Check

....same category [41] 43] Both FEC based and MDC based techniques impose additional delay; however, as opposed to the former, the latter schemes may not necessarily require additional bandwidth. iii) A third category includes the approaches that also require certain support from the network. In [44] and [45] the speech coder output is transmitted using packets with di#erent priorities and the scheme relies on the network to drop the packets with low priorities during congestion periods. Currently, such a support may only exist in a proprietary network. In this work, we present error ....

J. Suzuki and M. Taka, "Missing packet recovery techniques for low-bit-rate coded speech," IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications, vol. 7, No. 5, pp. 707-717, 1989.

....redundancies in voice streams and the property that voice transmissions can tolerate some loss without a lot of perceivable di#erences. Simple schemes typically perform loss concealment actions at receivers alone. For instance, lost packets can be recreated by a) padding silence or white noise [28], b) repeating the last received packet [29] c) pattern matching using small segments of samples immediately before or after a lost packet [34] d) pitch period replication by estimating pitch periods using speech segments immediately before a lost packet [34] e) performing waveform substitution ....

J. Suzuki and M. Taka. Missing packet recovery techniques for low-bit-rate coded speech. IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications, 7(5):707--717, June 1989.

....the network when congestion forces packet discard. In the context of ATM networks, a number of techniques have been proposed [20, 33, 55, 63] to split signals into separate channels and use priority channels in controlling quality degradation due to network loss. For example, one study on voice [58] has investigated a least significant bit LSB dropping scheme. Each set of B samples is divided into two segments with the six significant bits of each sample in one segment and the two least significant bits of each sample in the other. Using subjective scoring from a set of human listeners, ....

J. Suzuki and M. Taka. Missing Packet Recovery Techniques for Low-Bit-Rate Coded Speech. IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications, 7(5):707--717, June 1989.

....Voice Schemes in this class are divided into source coderindependent and source coder dependent schemes. 2.1 Source Coder Independent Schemes Receiver based schemes perform loss concealment actions only at the receiver. Typically, lost packets are recreated by padding silence or white noise [61], or by repeating the last received packet [64] or by pattern matching using small segments of samples immediately before or after lost packets [63, 78] or by pitch period replication where pitch periods are estimated using speech segments immediately before lost packets [78] or by performing ....

....Priority based coder dependent schemes suffer the same drawback as their counterpart coder independent schemes; namely, priority transmissions are not available on the Internet. Examples include assigning high priority to most significant bits (MSB) and low priority to least significant bits (LSB) [61, 50] in waveform coders, and assigning high priority to linear prediction coefficients (LPC) and pitch parameters and low priority to excitation information for linear prediction based (LP based) coders [80] For DPCM coders, one existing method is to interleave quantized prediction errors and to ....

J. Suzuki and M. Taka. Missing packet recovery techniques for low-bit-rate coded speech. IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications, 7(5):707--717, June 1989.

....0.008 0.690 0.793 0.931 0.966 1.000 7 0.011 0.784 0.973 1.000 8 0.004 0.800 0.933 1.000 9 0.007 0.750 0.917 1.000 10 0.026 0.674 0.880 0.946 0.956 1. 000 distributes related information in different packets, and the receiver reconstructs lost samples using the average of adjacent samples received [9]. Although the method improves the quality in the presence of isolated losses, the amount of aliasing distortions may be large when input signals have high frequency response and cannot be reconstructed accurately by simple averaging. To improve the reconstruction quality, the sender transforms ....

J. Suzuki and M. Taka. Missing packet recovery techniques for low-bit-rate coded speech. IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications, 7(5):707--717, June 1989.

....voice signal. Channel coding techniques have been shown to provide a graceful degradation of playback quality in a variety of loss scenarios [12, 21, 26] For PCM encoded voice, packet loss rates of over 5 on the channel carrying the least significant information have been reported as tolerable [22]. A drawback to channel coding, however, is that the network is required to support selective dropping of packets during periods of congestion, a functionality not available in current LANs. A novel retransmission based approach to error control for packet voice is proposed in [9, 10] The ....

J. Suzuki and M. Taka. Missing Packet Recovery Techniques for Low-Bit-Rate Coded Speech. IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications, 7(5):707--717, June 1989.

....mechanisms. The focus in error control for continuous media applications has been to reduce the impact of losses on channel quality through preventive error control techniques such as forward error correction (FEC) 2] 3] priority channels [4] and error masking during signal reconstruction [5][6] However, all known preventive error control schemes either substantially increase bandwidth requirements, or increase the complexity of the end to end processing path. In this paper, we show that retransmission based error control schemes can be successfully employed for continuous media ....

Suzuki, J., and M. Taka, "Missing Packet Recovery Techniques for Low-Bit-Rate Coded Speech", IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications, Vol. 7, June 1989, pp. 707-717.

....effective loss concealment mechanisms must be developed. Existing software based loss concealment mechanisms can be classified into two categories: receiver based, and sender and receiver based. In receiver based reconstruction schemes, lost packets are recreated by padding silence or white noise [1], or by repeating the last received packet [2] or by substituting lost packets by previously received packets after some form of pattern matching [3] These strategies only work well when losses are infrequent and when frame sizes are small [4] Sender and receiver based reconstruction schemes ....

....samples into distinct packets and reconstructs lost samples by interpolation using their surviving neighbors. The simplest form is two way interleaving that packetizes odd and even number samples separately [8] and interpolates lost samples by simple averaging in case one of the packets is lost [1]. We call the two packets with the corresponding even and odd samples an interleaving pair. Simple averaging generally works well but may not give high quality for voice segments containing non negligible high frequency components. In this paper, we propose a sender and receiver based algorithm ....

[Article contains additional citation context not shown here]

J. Suzuki and M. Taka, "Missing packet recovery techniques for low-bit-rate coded speech," IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications, vol. 7, pp. 707--717, June 1989.

....which are very annoying for the listener. To alleviate this problem, different techniques have been proposed, which include modifications of the re now with the Research Institute for Open Communication Systems GMD FOKUS, Hardenbergplatz 2, D 10623 Berlin, Germany ceiver and the transmitter ([1] [5] We have focused instead on receiver only methods ( 6] 8] as they do not introduce additional processing and data overhead at the transmitter and are well suited for heterogeneous multicast environments. This means that transmitters may use different audio tools than the receivers, ....

....(TM) was compared to Silence Substitution (S) Pattern Matching (PM) and Pitch Waveform Replication (PWR) using 40 test conditions of 10 seconds each. Thirteen non expert listeners were asked to judge overall quality on a five category (Mean Opinion Score) scale, comparable to test schemes used in [1], 2] 7] and [8] Additionally the presence of the disturbance components tinny, metal , interrupted, clicking and echoing, reverberating for each condition was judged. We modelled single packet loss by suppressing one packet within five ( 1 of 5 ) and double packet loss by suppressing ....

J. Suzuki and M. Taka. Missing packet recovery techniques for low-bit-rate coded speech. IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications, SAC-7(5):707--717, June 1989.

....level of service quality which is acceptable to the end user. The optional packets carry the extra quality portion, which is the additional information needed to upgrade the reduced service quality to full service quality. Such a partitioning of packets can be achieved by using layered coding [42, 45, 48], H.261 video coding [2, 27] or MPEG I video coding [20, 34] Header 5 bytes 48 bytes Information 53 bytes Figure 3.1: ATM Cell Structure For instance, bit plane separation [42] is a layered coding scheme used for voice coding. The most significant bits of a quantized speech sample are the ....

....quality to full service quality. Such a partitioning of packets can be achieved by using layered coding [42, 45, 48] H.261 video coding [2, 27] or MPEG I video coding [20, 34] Header 5 bytes 48 bytes Information 53 bytes Figure 3. 1: ATM Cell Structure For instance, bit plane separation [42] is a layered coding scheme used for voice coding. The most significant bits of a quantized speech sample are the basic quality portion of the sample, and the least significant bits are the extra quality portion. Mandatory packets and optional packets contain the basic quality and extra quality ....

J. Suzuki and M. Taka. Missing packet recovery techniques for low-bit-rate coded speech. IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications, 7(5), June 1989.

.... have been shown to provide a graceful degradation of playback quality in a variety of loss scenarios [10, 20, 23] For PCM encoded voice, packet loss rates of over 5 on the channel carrying the least significant information have been reported as tolerable when using small (32 byte) packets [21]. A drawback to channel coding, however, is that the network is required to support selective discarding of packets during periods of congestion. 3 An Analytical Model for Retransmission of Packet Voice Data In this section we present an analytical retransmission model for error control of a ....

J. Suzuki and M. Taka. Missing Packet Recovery Techniques for Low-Bit-Rate Coded Speech. IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications, 7(5):707--717, June 1989.

.... have been shown to provide a graceful degradation of playback quality in a variety of loss scenarios [10, 20, 23] For PCM encoded voice, packet loss rates of over 5 on the channel carrying the least significant information have been reported as tolerable when using small (32 byte) packets [21]. A drawback to channel coding, however, is that the network is required to support selective discarding of packets during periods of congestion. 3 An Analytical Model for Retransmission of Packet Voice Data In this section we present an analytical retransmission model for error control of a ....

J. Suzuki and M. Taka. Missing Packet Recovery Techniques for Low-Bit-Rate Coded Speech. IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications, 7(5):707--717, June 1989.

....control of packet loss and delay. In the case of the transmission of waveform coded audio, packet loss causes signal drop outs, which are very annoying for the listener. To alleviate this problem, different techniques have been proposed, which include modifications of the receiver and the sender ([5] [9] We have focused instead on receiver only methods ( 2] 4] as they do not introduce additional processing and data overhead at the sender and are well suited for heterogeneous multicast environments. This means, senders may use different audio tools than the receivers, and receivers ....

J. Suzuki and M. Taka. Missing packet recovery techniques for low-bit-rate coded speech. IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications, SAC-7(5):707--717, June 1989.

....the milestone method. Clearly, the milestone method relies on the use of monotone computational algorithms. Such algorithms exist in many application domains, including numerical computation, statistical estimation and prediction, sorting, facsimile transmission [21] video and voice transmission [22,23], and database query processing [24,25] Monotone tasks can be easily implemented in most existing programming languages; an example illustrating how to implement monotone tasks in Ada 9x can be found in [26] When tasks are monotone, the decision on which optional task and how much of the ....

Suzuki, J. and M. Taka, "Missing packet recovery techniques for low-bit-rate coded speech," IEEE Journal of Selected Areas in Communications, 9(7), September 1991.

....bits. During periods of congestion, cells containing the less significant part (LSP) or less significant bits (LSB) can be dropped while cells containing more significant parts (MSP) should never be dropped. Embedded coding with LSB dropping is the method found best suited for ATM by [34][35] in subjective tests and in analyses of signal to noise ratios [35] It has been found superior to using speech energy detection thresholds in both analysis of cell delay and loss and in subjective tests [20] In a subjective test of 12 bit linearly quantized PCM, 20] showed tolerable loss for ....

....less significant part (LSP) or less significant bits (LSB) can be dropped while cells containing more significant parts (MSP) should never be dropped. Embedded coding with LSB dropping is the method found best suited for ATM by [34] 35] in subjective tests and in analyses of signal to noise ratios [35]. It has been found superior to using speech energy detection thresholds in both analysis of cell delay and loss and in subjective tests [20] In a subjective test of 12 bit linearly quantized PCM, 20] showed tolerable loss for speech energy detection thresholds to be 8 while sample ....

[Article contains additional citation context not shown here]

J. Suzuki and M. Taka, "Missing packet recovery techniques for low-bit-rate coded speech," IEEE J. Select. Areas Commun., vol. 7, no. 5, pp. 707-717, June 1989.

No context found.

J. Suzuki and M. Taka. Missing packet recovery techniques for low-bit-rate coded speech. IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications, 7(5), June 1989.

No context found.

J. Suzuki and M. Taka, #Missing packet recovery techniques for low-bit-rate coded speech," IEEE Journal on SelectedAreas in Communications Vol. 7, pp. 707#717, June 1989.

No context found.

J. Suzuki and M. Taka, "Missing packet recovery techniques for low-bit-rate coded speech," IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications Vol. 7, pp. 707--717, June 1989.

Online articles have much greater impact   More about CiteSeer.IST   Add search form to your site   Submit documents   Feedback  

CiteSeer.IST - Copyright Penn State and NEC