J. C. Lauwers and K. A. Lantz. Collaboration awareness in support of collaboration transparency: Requirements for the next generation of shared window systems. In Proc. SIGCHI, pages 303-311, Seattle, WA, Apr. 1990.  Home/Search   Document Not in Database   Summary   Related Articles   Check

....to the actual application s task (e.g. editing texts or spreadsheets) network connections between collaborating users have to be supported, shared data have to be managed, and specific group functions have to be provided. There exist two major approaches for developing collaborative applications [6]: Collaboration aware applications are especially designed for collaborating teams. A collaboration aware application usually has to be developed fromscratch but o#ers a huge variety of group specific services to end users. Collaboration transparent applications are single user ....

J. C. Lauwers and K. A. Lantz. Collaboration awareness in support of collaboration transparency: requirements for the next generation of shared window systems. In CHI '90 Conference on Human factors in computing systems, special issue of the SIGCHI Bulletin, pages 303--311, Seattle, Washington, USA, April 1990.

....is that all user nodes are trusted. Our approach sharply contrasts with the commonly used approaches for building computer based collaboration systems. In the past, a large number of collaboration systems have been built by extending a single user application to multiuser shared execution model [10]. Another commonly used approach is to build an environment by composition of objects (such as JavaBeans) or library modules [1] Usually, such constructions are not driven by any formal model for security and coordination requirements. There is also WfMC (Workflow Management Coalition) effort to ....

J. Chris Lauwers and Keith A. Lantz. Collaboration awareness in support of collaboration transparency: requirements for the next generation of shared window systems. In Conference on Empowering People: Human Factors in Computing System, pages 303 -- 311, 1990.

....presentation of these interfaces. The majority of this research has focused on the development of techniques and facilities to coordinate and manage interaction across the different interfaces. Cooperative applications have been considered as either collaboration transparent or collaboration aware [ 11]. Collaboration transparent applications are unaware that more than one interface is presented to users. Since the application may only interact with one user at a time this approach is reliant on the use of a floor control policy to coordinate interaction. In contrast, Collaboration aware ....

Lauwers , J.C., Lantz, K.A. "Collaboration awareness in support of collaboration transparency: Requirements for the next generation of shared window systems." CHI 1990 Proceedings, Pages: 303-310.

....to its subcomponents. We assume that one floor F is assigned per resource component. The pairing (F id, Rid) specifies the granularity of control and the commands available with possession of the floor. A floor can control an entire conference, an application, a single window, or a shared object [18]. For instance, for audio the associated commands may be talk, mute, pause. Video floor commands are for instance caption, forward, cut, replay. Floors can be static relative to a session lifetime, or dynamic, i.e. assigned ad hoc by a computer or social protocol. The combination of Uid and the ....

J. C. Lauwers and K. A. Lantz. Collaboration awareness in support of collaboration transparency: Requirements for the next generation of shared window systems. In Proc. SIGCHI, pages 303--311, Seattle, WA, Apr. 1990.

....to its subcomponents. We assume that one floor F is assigned per resource component. The pairing (F id, Rid) specifies the granularity of control and the commands available with possession of the floor. A floor can control an entire conference, an application, a single window, or a shared object [18]. For instance, for audio the associated commands may be talk, mute, pause. Video floor commands are for instance caption, forward, cut, replay. Floors can be static relative to a session lifetime, or dynamic, i.e. assigned ad hoc by a computer or social protocol. The combination of Uid and the ....

J. C. Lauwers and K. A. Lantz. Collaboration awareness in support of collaboration transparency: Requirements for the next generation of shared window systems. In Proc. SIGCHI, pages 303--311, Seattle, WA, Apr. 1990.

.... collaborative use of many Windows based applications [23] Hewlett Packard s SharedX product provides similar functionality for UNIX machines running XWindows [17] Lauwers and Lantz discuss the shortcomings of SharedX and similar windowing systems with respect to use for application sharing [22]. Collaboration aware systems are constructed with the explicit intention of being used collaboratively. The chief drawback of these systems is the extra e#ort required to design for collaboration. Chapter 2. Related Work 6 Although numerous toolkits for constructing these applications have been ....

....more collaborators are already present. In this case, the most recent user to enter the workspace should see the same workspace state as the other users. In both cases, it is necessary to transfer the state of the shared workspace from the server to a new client upon connection. Lauwers and Lantz [22] describe three approaches for implementing state transfer in collaborative software: 1. A history of the events that led to the current state can be replayed to the late joiner. 2. State information can be uploaded from an existing client and downloaded to the late joiner. 3. Process migration ....

J. Chris Lauwers and Keith A. Lantz. Collaboration awareness in support of collaboration transparency: Requirements for the next generation of shared window systems. In Proceedings of ACM CHI'90 Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pages 303--311, 1990.

....complicate matters by executing semantic operations multiple times, once for each application copy. This can lead to great problems, for example when doing file I O in a replicated architecture setting. Full replication also leads to di#culties when bringing late comers into a group session [16, 3]. Since there is no globally available state, fullyreplicated systems may have to keep a full history of actions performed in order to allow a late comer to derive the state currently held by other participants. The Weasel system combines the centralized and replicated appraoches into an ....

Lauwers, J.C. and Lantz, K.A. Collaboration Awareness in Support of Collaboration Transparency: Requirements for the next Generation of Shared Window Systems. In Proceedings of CHI'90 (also in [1]), pages 303--311. ACM Press, 1990.

....application sharing capabilities for the X Window System [33] X is a networktransparent, device independent windowing and graphics system currently supported by most leading workstation manufacturers. With these desktop conferencing systems, quite a number of shared window systems have been built [1, 16, 4, 5, 9, 11, 18, 23, 27, 24, 28, 29]. From the user s point of view, the main difference between these systems lies in the user interface paradigms and the applicable policies. Implementing a system that allows X applications to be shared, however, is very complex in detail due to some decisions taken when the X protocol was ....

....applications can significantly augment people s ability to work together. Sharing single user applications is one approach for constructing multi user interfaces. Another approach is to develop special purpose applications that explicitly handle the collaborative situation. Lauwers and Lantz [24] identify the two approaches as collaboration transparency and collaboration awareness , respectively. Ahuja et al. 3] refer to systems that support collaboration transparency as open systems while collaboration aware systems are termed closed systems . Many closed systems database ....

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J. Chris Lauwers, Keith A. Lantz: "Collaboration Awareness in Support of Collaboration Transparency: Requirements for the Next Generation of Shared Window Systems". Proceedings, ACM CHI `90 Conference (Human Factors in Computing Systems), pp. 303 - 311. Seattle, 1990.

....have also integrated available videoconference tools and some single user applications. 13.3 The Collaborative Desktop User Interface In general there are two classes of interfaces for CSCW, collaboration aware applications and collaboration transparent shared applications, a categorisation from [Lauwers Lantz 1990]. Usually collaboration aware applications share some underlying objects presented by different user views and interaction of the application objects. Collaboration transparent systems, on the other hand, often use some standard single user application and at some level tap the users event ....

Lauwers J. C. and Lantz K. A., Collaboration awareness in support of collaboration transparency: Requirements for the next generation of shared window systems, In Proceedings of CHI'90, ACM press, 1990.

....intended functionalities of the user interface. Three different architectures of cooperative applications have been found in the literature: multiple views of a single user application [Sarin 85,Greenberg 90] centralized multiuser application and distributed multiuser application [Lauwers 90a, Lauwers 90b] some authors separate the distributed architecture in replicated and hybrid [Santos 93] 5 One considerable design restriction posed by an architecture with multiple views of a single user application compared with the multiuser application involves the concept of collaboration awareness. ....

....to other windows, stacking order and iconification [Crowley 90] Several relaxed WYSIWIS modes have been defined in order to ease individual screen space management. Cognoter allows different users to position shared windows at different places on the screen [Dewan 91] In MMConf [Crowley 90, Lauwers 90b] position and stacking order are local decisions but window size and iconification are global to lessen the problems posed by contextual communication. Suite allows users to select the coupling of window size and position [Dewan 91] When the environment contains a mixture of private and shared ....

[Article contains additional citation context not shown here]

J. Lauwers and K. Lantz. Collaboration awareness in support of collaboration transparency: Requirements for the next generation of shared window systems. In CHI '90: Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, Seattle, Washington, 1990. ACM Press.

....systems where shared user interfaces are replicated across a community of users. Here, the shared interfaces are restricted so that their spatial metrics are consistent throughout the shared views, providing each user with an identical looking interface. These collaboration transparent [9] applications focus on sharing the user interface of an application among a group of users without modification. This is achieved at the cost of limiting the amount of control users have in managing the cooperative properties of the interface. The application is ignorant of multiple users and the ....

Lauwers, J. C., Lantz, K. A. (1990). Collaboration awareness in support of collaboration transparency: Requirements for the next generation of shared window systems. Proc. CHI 1990. 303-310. 14.

....that is light weight and a floor policy that all users have simultaneous access to the shared workspace. 1.2.1.3 Workspace Architectures There is ongoing debate about the optimal underlying architecture for computerbased shared workspaces. The architectural choices are classified as centralized [Gar89, Lau90, Pat90], replicated [Cro90, Dab93, Ja93b] or hybrid [Ben94] As illustrated in Figure 7 2, the centralized model is based on the execution of the application at one site. Input is forwarded from whichever site has the floor to the site where the application executes and all output broadcast to the other ....

....than WYSIWIS, which results in an inability to tailor the public workspace to individual needs or preferences. For these reasons, although Lauwers et al. lobby for centralized computer conferencing architectures, they conclude that modern window systems make this task very difficult to achieve [Lau90]. However, emerging groupware toolkits make it possible to adapt singleuser applications to collaborative settings with only a few changes aimed to combat 182 1 Conferencing and Collaborative Computing these shortcomings [Kni90, Jef92, Ros92, Ben94, Pat90, Pa93a] The resultant application is ....

[Article contains additional citation context not shown here]

J.C. Lauwers, K.A. Lantz; Collaboration Awareness in Support of Collaboration Transparency: Requirements for the Next Generation of Shared Window Systems, Proceedings CHI'90, 1990.

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J. C. Lauwers and K. A. Lantz. Collaboration awareness in support of collaboration transparency: Requirements for the next generation of shared window systems. In Proc. SIGCHI, pages 303-311, Seattle, WA, Apr. 1990.

No context found.

J. C. Lauwers and K. A. Lantz. Collaboration awareness in support of collaboration transparency: requirements for the next generation of shared window systems. In CHI '90 Conference on Human factors in computing systems, special issue of the SIGCHI Bulletin, pages 303--311, Seattle, Washington, USA, April 1990.

No context found.

Lauwers, J.C., Lantz, K.A.: Collaboration awareness in support of collaboration transparency: requirements for the next generation of shared window systems. In: CHI '90 Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, Special Issue of the SIGCHI Bulletin, Seattle, Washington, USA (1990) 303--311

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J. C. Lauwers and K. A. Lantz. Collaboration awareness in support of collaboration transparency: requirements for the next generation of shared window systems. In CHI '90 Conference on Human factors in computing systems, special issue of the SIGCHI Bulletin, pages 303--311, Seattle, Washington, USA, April 1990.

No context found.

J. C. Lauwers and K. A. Lantz. Collaboration awareness in support of collaboration transparency: requirements for the next generation of shared window systems. In CHI '90 Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, Special Issue of the SIGCHI Bulletin, pages 303--311, Seattle, Washington, USA, April 1990.

No context found.

J. C. Lauwers and K. A. Lantz. Collaboration awareness in support of collaboration transparency: requirements for the next generation of shared window systems. In CHI '90 Conference on Human factors in computing systems, special issue of the SIGCHI Bulletin, pages 303--311, Seattle, Washington, USA, April 1990.

No context found.

Lauwers, J. C. and Lantz, K. A. "Collaboration awareness in support of collaboration transparency: Requirements for the next generation of shared window systems," Proceedings of the ACM CHI'90 Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems. ACM, 1990.

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Lauwers, J. C. and Lantz, K. A. Collaboration awareness in support of collaboration transparency: Requirements for the next generation of shared window systems, Proceedings of the ACM CHI'90 Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems. ACM, 1990.

No context found.

J.C.Lauwers, K.A.Lantz, Collaboration Awareness in Support of Collaboration Transparency: Requireme- nts for the Next Generation of Shared Window System, In Proc. of CHI'90, April 1990, pp.303-311.

No context found.

J. C. Lauwers and K. A. Lantz. Collaboration awareness in support of collaboration transparency: requirements for the next generation of shared window systems. In CHI '90 Conference on Human factors in computing systems, special issue of the SIGCHI Bulletin, pages 303--311, Seattle, Washington, USA, April 1990.

No context found.

J. C. Lauwers and K. A. Lantz. Collaboration awareness in support of collaboration transparency: requirements for the next generation of shared window systems. In CHI '90 Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, Special Issue of the SIGCHI Bulletin, pages 303--311, Seattle, Washington, USA, April 1990.

No context found.

J. C. Lauwers and K. A. Lantz, `Collaboration awareness in support of collaboration transparency: requirements for the next generation of shared window systems', Proc. ACM Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, Seattle, Washington, April 1990.

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Lauwers, J.C. and K.A. Lantz. "Collaboration awareness in support of collaboration transparency.", Proc. ACM SIGCHI'90 Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pages 303-211, Seattle, Washington, April 1-5 1990.

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