K. Lai, T. Malone, and K. Yu. "Object lens: a spreadsheet for cooperative work." ACM Trans. Office Inf. Syst, 6 (4):332--353, Apr. 1988.  Home/Search   Document Not in Database   Summary   Related Articles   Check

....42] Contributions come from a variety of sources. Work from Computing Science, Cognitive Science, Psychology and Social Science has addressed questions such as how best to characterise and implement collaborative interaction facilities and supporting tools for the cooperating end user community [16, 12, 13, 24, 44]. For example, Rodden [34] advocated a support layer running over distributed technology that would provide a separation between policies and sets of implementation mechanisms. Reddy [32] envisaged a layered architecture of technologies in order to support virtual teams. A virtual team is defined ....

Lai. K.Y., Malone, T.W., Yu, K.C., "Object Lens: A spreadsheet for cooperative work", ACM Transactions on Office Information Systems Vol. 6, No. 4:332-353, 1988.

....(1993) Finally, commercial GDSS packages includeVisionQuest developed by Collaborative Technologies, Ventana s TeamGraphics, and others. Research attempts to provide cooperative work have seen the early Info Lens system and its extension to the Object Lens system (see Malone et al. 1989 and Lai et al. 1988), the Cruise system developed at Bellcore, the Japanese NTT MultiMedia Editor, the form based e maill system Coordinator (Winograd, 1988) the Collaborator, developed at the University of Massachusetts, the Electronic Meeting Systems (Martz et al., 1992) the GDSS developed at the University of ....

Lai, K-Y,. T.W. Malone and K-C Yu (1988) Object Lens: A 'spreadsheet' for cooperative work, ACM Transactions on Office Information Systems, Vol. 6, pp. 332-353.

....administrative and an ad hoc WFMS; the processing steps are pre defined but the receivers of messages are determined ad hoc. 2.2. Advanced Electronic Mailing Systems This subsection reviews various enhancements to e mail systems that have been proposed in the literature. The Object Lens System [17] was the first system to allow users to filter their e mail. The Coordinator system [34] attempted to increase the meaningfulness of e mail messages by requiring senders to classify the messages they sent in terms of a number of speech acts. Motiwalla and Nunamaker [20] studied the use of ....

Lai, K.-Y., T.W. Malone, and K.-C. Yu. "Object Lens: a 'spreadsheet' for cooperative work." ACM Transactions on Office Information Systems, Oct. 1989, vol.6, (no.4) :332-53.

.... that messages should be organized in a structured way to achieve efficiency [14] That is, protocols must be designed to differentiate 2 cooperative information from those of little relevance, e.g. the cognitive filtering in Information Lens [15] and the semi automatic agents in Object Lens [16]. The second requirement is the provision of mechanisms for information sharing and cooperation [8] Most CSCW environments stress the need for the distinction of public and private information. However, as described in [17] information to be used in cooperative work needs to be taken out the ....

....chemical reaction. The result of the query may be used for finer search until the needed information is found, or it may be used to define a view (see below) for the user to focus his her attention. This functionality is similar to what is provided by the Information Lens [15] and the Object Lens [16]. It is potentially important for new members to define his her work scope. CHEMICAL COMPOUND CHEMICAL REACTIONS ORGANIC NONORGANIC . BELONGS TO IS A Organizational Structure Semantic Structure Figure 2: An Example Semantic Network Finally, it is interesting to note that the ....

T. W. Malone and K. Lai. "Object Lens: A Spreadsheet for Cooperative Work". In Proc. of the Conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work, Portland, OR, 1988.

....QFD gIBIS, REMAP Coordinator, Object Lens WinWin, NATURE Lotus Notes, Conversation Builder Figure 16: Needs versus capability comparison 5 Related Works Figure 16 compares related works in terms of groupware support and collaboration guidance. Among the groupware tools, Object Lens[LYM88] uses semi structured objects combining object oriented databases, hypertext, electronic messaging, and rule based intelligent agents to provide a spreadsheet for cooperative work. The Coordinator[FGHW88] drives actions with a semi structure message system. Lotus Notes[Mar91] provides shared ....

K. Lai, K. Yu, and T.W. Malone. "Object Lens: A `Spreadsheet' for Cooperative Work". ACM Transactions on Office Information Systems, 6(4):332--353, October 1988.

....basic division is between synchronous and asynchronous conferencing. While both forms of conferencing cater to multiple users, synchronous conferencing is intended for simultaneous users who have real time interactions, while asynchronous conferencing systems, such as structured messaging systems [Lai88], multimedia electronic mail [Bor93] and multiparty calendar services [Bea90] provide non real time communication (see Chapter 10, Multimedia Mail) In this paper, we concentrate our discussion on synchronous multimedia collaborative systems and therefore will use the terms conferencing and ....

K.Y. Lai, T.W. Malone; Object Lens: A Spreadsheet for Cooperative Work, Proceedings ACM Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work, CSCW'88, pp.115-124, Portland, OR, Sept 1988.

....it needs rules that map from user actions and situational features to the argument base. In general, any knowledge representation that a system uses to drive its interaction with the user may have to be modified. The Information Lens Object Lens Oval line of research by Malone and colleagues [99, 100, 101] explored techniques for end users to edit and modify objects in frame based knowledge bases and to write and modify rules that used a domain specific vocabulary of conditions and actions. Fischer Girgensohn [102] and Candy, O Brien Edmonds [89] also explored techniques for letting users ....

Lai, K Y, Malone, T W, and Yu, K C `Object Lens: A Spreadsheet for Cooperative Work' ACM Transactions on Office Information Systems Vol 6 No 4 (1988) pp 332-353

....folders, meeting proposals etc. Malone et al., 1987) Centralised rule based agents may reroute messages, make backup copies, or maintain a progress log on a message on its way in a workflow. The agent may be user programmable (semi autonomous) or come with a set of static rules (autonomous) (Lai Malone, 1988). Structured or semi structured messages contain a known set of fields. The rule based agent or UA recognises each field in the different message types, and knows how to handle them appropriately. A structured message can be the message type call for vote , where each field represents an ....

Lai, K.-Y. & Malone, T. W. (1988). 'Object Lens: A 'Spreadsheet' for Co-operative Work.' in Proceedings of ACM CSCW'88 Conference on Computer-Supported Co-operative Work, (pp. 115-124).

....allow a room number from some enumerated set of possible rooms. The seminar abstract would be an example of an unstructured text field. Another example of a semi structured message is a request for action that includes a deadline field. Several advantages occur when structure is made explicit (Lai and Malone, 1988; Malone et al. 1987; Malone, Grant and Turbak, 1986) Computers can process structured fields more easily than free text fields. For example, unread notices about seminars that have already taken place may be removed automatically, and messages passing some specified criteria may be placed in ....

....approach to sending particular message types. For example, if a request for action template includes a deadline slot, the composer will be more likely to use it than if he was composing a completely unstructured message. One example of a semi structured messaging system is Object Lens (Lai and Malone, 1988), a second generation version of Malone s fairly well known Information Lens (Malone et al. 1986) Object Lens contains two fundamental ideas. First, passive information can be represented as semi structured objects, where each object is defined as part of an inheritance hierarchy. Consider the ....

[Article contains additional citation context not shown here]

Lai, K.-Y. and Malone, T. W. (1988) "Object Lens: A 'spreadsheet' for cooperative work." In Proceedings of the Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work, 115-124, Portland, Oregon, September 26-28, ACM Press.

.... messages should be organized in a structured way to achieve efficiency [12] That is, protocols must be designed to discriminate between cooperation information and messages of little relevance, e.g. the cognitive filtering in Information Lens [13] and the semi automatic agents in Object Lens [14]. A second fundamental requirement is the provision of mechanisms for information sharing and cooperation [15] It has been argued that information to be used in cooperative work needs to be taken out of the limit of a personal wall , thus all users should have common access to all information ....

....the search facility, users may compose queries to locate all nodes that satisfy a certain condition. The result of the query may also be used for a finer search until the needed information is found. This functionality is similar to what is provided by the Information Lens [13] and the Object Lens [14]. CHEMICAL COMPOUND CHEMICAL REACTIONS ORGANIC NONORGANIC BELONGS TO IS A Organizational Structure Semantic Structure Figure 2: An Example Semantic Network Finally, it is interesting to note that the hypertext solution in Quilt [24] ForComment [25] rIBIS [26] and SEPIA [20] is, in ....

T. W. Malone and K. Lai. "Object Lens: A Spreadsheet for Cooperative Work". In Proc. of the Conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work, Portland, OR, 1988.

.... act and dialog theory [Searle76] Reichman85] commitmentbased software frameworks [Fikes82] Winograd86] The Coordinator 7 and the language action perspective [Fikes82] Winograd87] e mail message filtering [Rose86] Borenstein88] semi structured message systems [Malone86] the Object Lens [Lai88], conversation management [Comer86] Dollimore89] Sulonen90] Kaplan90] office procedure and coordination models [Holt81] collaborative hypertext systems [Trigg86] and Issue Based Information Systems [Conk87] 3. Interpreting User Interfaces Winterp differs from many other UI languages in ....

Kum-Yew Lai and Tom Malone. Object-Lens: A Spreadsheet for Cooperative Work. In proceedings Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work, September 1988.

.... Here, users can construct their own semistructured templates representing particular types of mail they wish to compose, can create their own rules to filter incoming information in quite sophisticated ways, and can create custom views that summarizes selected information (see also OBJECT LENS, Lia and Malone 1988). A third example is CRUISER, a video based virtual hallway system that facilitates casual interaction (Root 1988; Fish 1989) People in the CRUISER network can control privacy by setting a variety of personal permissions that limit how others can observe and or interact with them. Finally, the ....

Lia, K.-Y. and Malone, T. W. (1988) "Object Lens: A 'spreadsheet' for cooperative work." In Proceedings of the Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work, p. 115-124, Portland, Oregon, September 26-28, ACM Press.

....message systems are based on the principle of extending the amount of machine processible semantic information available by adding syntactic structure to the existing message structures. Systems of this class include the COSMOS [Wilbur 88] and AMIGO [Danielson 86] projects and the Object Lens [Malone 88] Computer Conferencing Traditional computer conferencing systems share many concepts with message systems however they are significantly different in that they are centralised and structure is imposed in terms of how messages (or notes) are grouped. A typical computer conferencing system ....

Malone T W, Lai K, ' Object Lens A Spreadsheet for Cooperative Work', in proceedings of CSCW88, Portland, Oregon, September 1988.

....Boards: Two widely used computer mechanisms for supporting asynchronous collaboration are electronic mail and bulletin boards. These systems allow users to send messages to groups of users. Structured use of the electronic messaging systems has been shown to be an effective collaboration tool [28, 30, 39]. Collaborative Annotators: The Design Journal [11] is a hypertext system designed to facilitate the capture of early design deliberations. It is implemented using a specific method called Issue Based Information Systems (IBIS) It uses a semi structured issue positionargument framework to ....

K.Y. Lai and T.W. Malone. Object lens: A spreadsheet for cooperative work. In Proceedings of 1988 Conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work, 1988.

....among themselves in multiple media with the help of agents. 3. Related Works The two conventional approaches to building agents are rule based and knowledge based respectively. In the former case, the end user programs the agent with rules. As an example, the Oval system by Malone and Lai [4] consists of semi autonomous agents that are a collection of user programmed rules. In the latter case, there is a knowledge engineer that inputs large amounts of domain specific knowledge about the application and the user into the agent. As an example, UCEgo [1] is one such agent that helps ....

Lai, K., Malone, T. and Yu, K., "Object Lens: A 'spreadsheet' for cooperativework", ACM Trans. Office-Inf. Systems 5 (4), pp.297-326.

....must be satisfied for the rule to succeed. The THEN part of rule is chosen from one of a number of message handling primitives including move, delete, save, reply etc. Malone has subsequently enhanced the work on the Information Lens to produce a more general system called the Object Lens [Malone 88] The Object Lens has generalised the message form objects of the Information Lens to allow the construction of arbitrary objects within an object store. In addition to the specialisation found in the Information Lens users can construct general relationships between objects through the use of ....

Malone T W, Lai K, ' Object Lens: A Spreadsheet for Cooperative Work', in proceedings of CSCW88, Portland, Oregon, September 1988.

....but it will be difficult to organize large packets of knowledge, and almost impossible for the computer to understand enough of the discourse to provide any form of automated assistance or tools. The middle ground of this issue has been addressed by Malone with his semi structured messages [Lai 88, Malone 89, Malone 92] and by Gaines in his K Map system using concept mapping and links out to a hypermedia system [Gaines 91a] Both of these strategies look extremely promising as powerful backbone building blocks to be provided by a CSCW support library, and they are by no means mutually ....

....way of shared environment or task focus. Enhanced asynchronous systems include the Andrew Message System [Borenstein 88] which adds multimedia, bulletin boards, active messages , and incoming message filtering to basic Email functionality. Information Lens [Malone 86, Mackay 89] Object Lens [Lai 88] and Oval [Malone 92] form a sequence of systems that provide computational behaviour and structure to the message objects, allowing the user a high degree of control over the objects. Quilt [Leland 88] and PREP [Neuwirth 90] are asynchronous group editors. 2.1.2. Domains CSCW research tends to ....

[Article contains additional citation context not shown here]

K. Lai, T.W. Malone. "Object Lens: A 'Spreadsheet' for Cooperative Work." In Proceedings of the Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work (CSCW'88), Portland, Oregon, September 26-28, ACM Press. pp. 115-124.

....Structured message systems are based on the principle of extending the amount of machine processible semantic information available by adding structure to the existing message formats. Systems of this class include the COSMOS [Wilbur 88] and AMIGO [Danielson 86] projects and the Object Lens [Malone 88] Strudel [Shepard 90] and ISM [Rodden 89] systems. Computer Conferencing Computer conferencing systems are also a development of the original electronic mail programs. However, structure is imposed in terms of how messages are grouped. A typical computer conferencing system consists of a number ....

....parts of the system which are most amenable to it while leaving other parts of the system manual in nature. Systems of this form provide mechanisms for automatic message handling and more recently support the concepts of roles and autonomous agents. Systems of this form include the Object Lens [Malone 88] the Strudel project [Sheperd 90] and the ISM system [Rodden 89] 12 iv) Conferencing systems Conferencing systems provide basic control mechanisms which are minimal and fixed into applications. In traditional conferencing systems this takes the form of conference moderators who define ....

Malone T W, Lai K, ' Object Lens: A Spreadsheet for Cooperative Work', in proceedings of CSCW88, Portland, Oregon, September 1988.

....form. The message structures can be tailored to reduce network bandwidth and interpretation complexity by the agents. Both the contract net protocol and the CBKB model apply structured messages to model agent interaction. An example for a system which uses semi structured messages is Object Lens [ Malone and Lai, 1988 ] which provides intelligent filtering and dissemination of electronic mail messages. Semi structured messages are based on the notion of a semi formal system [ Malone, 1989 ] which: represents and interprets information that is formally specified, permits the human user to create and ....

T. W. Malone and K.-Y. Lai. Object lens: A spreadsheet for cooperative work. In Proc. 2nd Int. Conf. on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work, Portland, OR, September 1988. New York: SIGCHI/SIGOIS ACM.

....provide linkages for follow up; we expect that most readers will have encountered these or similar functions. Types of mediation functions that have been developed are: 1 Transformation and subsetting of databases using view definitions and object templates [Chamberlin:75] Wiederhold:86] [Lai:88] [Barsalou:88] 2 Methods to access and merge data from multiple databases [Smith:81] Dayal:83] Sacc a:86] 3 Computations that support abstraction and generalization over underlying data [Hammer:78] Adiba:81] Ozsoyoglu:84] Downs:86] Wiederhold:87] deZegher:88] Cichetti:89] Chen:89] ....

K-Y. Lai, T.W. Malone, and K-C. Yu: "Object Lens: A Spreadsheet for Cooperative Work"; ACM Ttans. on Office Inf. Systems, Vol.6 No.4, Oct.1988, pp.332--353.

....postulate their own particular view of activities and how they should be structured. Some exploit formal models based on either speech act theory (e.g. Co ordinator and actionworkflow [12] or office procedures (Domino [13] while others adopt a considerably less formal approach(Object Lens[14]) 3.2.2. Multimedia and desktop conferencing# systems Desktop conferencing systems stem from the merging of workstation technology and realtime computer conferencing. Such systems enable groups of users to simultaneously interact with one or more applications; voice and video facilities are also ....

Lia, K.-Y. and Malone, T.W. (1988) 'Object Lens: A 'Spreadsheet' for Cooperative Work', Proceedings of the Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work (CSCW '88), ACM Press, pp 115-124.

....imposing on the schedule of the participants. It requires that users be able to find a common time to work together but, in many cases, that is not easy. On the other hand, on going research projects on asynchronous collaboration provide ways to model the evolution of collaboration repositories [33, 31, 17, 6]. In this thesis, I present a paradigm for asynchronous collaboration that creates an archive server to capture the collaborative session, and enable the users to replay the interactive session with the application. This paradigm could be called WYSNIWIST(What You See Now Is What I Saw Then) 22] ....

T.W. Malone K.Y. Lai and K.C. Yu. Object Lens: A spreadsheet for cooperative work. ACM Transactions on Office and Information Systems, pages 6(4):332--353, 1988.

....and Conferencing systems. 2.2 Email Based Applications In research environments, a new class of collaborative application has emerged to add structure to message handling, providing support for workflow and role playing in group activities. Information Lens [Malone Lai, 1987] and Object Lens [Lai Malone, 1988] are two examples of this class of application. 3 Another research direction is based on the concept of the Active Messages. The active messages are entities that contain communication ports and their main function is to enable direct communication between the sender and the recipient of a ....

Lai, K.-Y., Malone, T.W. (1988), `Object lens: a spreadsheet for cooperative work', in CSCW '88 Conference Proceedings, ACM Press, 115-124.

....framework to help alleviate these problems. When faced with an unfamiliar situation, an agent consults its peers who may have the necessary experience to help it. Previous interface agents have employed either enduser programming and or knowledge engineering for knowledge acquisition. For example, (Lai, Malone, Yu 1988) have semi autonomous agents that consist of a collection of user programmed rules for processing information related to a particular task. The problems with this approach are that the user needs to recognize the opportunity for employing an agent, take the initiative in programming the rules, ....

Lai, K.; Malone, T.; and Yu, K. 1988. Object lens: A spreadsheet for cooperative work. ACM Transactions on Office-Information Systems 5(4):297--326.

....basic division is between synchronous and asynchronous conferencing. While both forms of conferencing cater to multiple users, synchronous conferencing is intended for simultaneous users who have real time interactions, while asynchronous conferencing systems, such as structured messaging systems [Lai and Malone 1988], multimedia electronic mail [Scheurmann 1996, Borenstein 1993] and multiparty calendar services [Beard et al. 1990] provide non real time communication. In this paper, we concentrate on synchronous multimedia collaborative systems and therefore will use the terms conferencing and collaborative ....

Lai, K. Y., Malone, T. W. 1988. Object Lens: A Spreadsheet for Cooperative Work, Proc. ACM Conf. on CSCW, Portland, OR, 115-124.

....an initial approach to offering audio based collaboration in Suite. Finally, further work is also necessary to explore how a Suite like system can support GroupKit like overlays [46] MMM like multi user workstations [4] extensible message filtering rules such as those provided by Object Lens [30], decision support and negotiation support modules such as SCS [26] and Coop [44] and multi user hypertext systems such as ABC [52] Hyper G [7] and Trellis [54] Finally, further work of the kind reported in [42] and [16] is necessary to identify (a) which of the various design decisions taken ....

K-Y. Lai and T.W. Malone, "Object Lens: A Spreadsheet for Cooperative Work," Proceedings of 1988 Conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work, 1988.

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K. Lai, T. Malone, and K. Yu. "Object lens: a spreadsheet for cooperative work." ACM Trans. Office Inf. Syst, 6 (4):332--353, Apr. 1988.

No context found.

LAI,K.-Y., MALONE,T.W.&YU,K.-C. (1989). Object Lens: A Spreadsheet for Cooperative Work. ACMTransactions on Office Information Systems, 6(4),pp. 332--353.

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Malone T W, Lai K, (1988) "Object Lens: A Spreadsheet for Cooperative Work", in proceedings of CSCW88, Portland, Oregon, September 1988.

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Lai, K-Y., Malone, T. W., Yu, K-C. (1988): "Object Lens, `A Spreadsheet' for Cooperative Work", ACM Transactions on Office Information Systems, vol. 6, no 4, October 1988.

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Lai KY, Malone TW (1988) Object lens: a spreadsheet for cooperative work. Proceedings of the ACM Conference on CSCW, Portland, Ore, ACM Press: 115--124

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Lia, K.-Y. and Malone, T.W.: "Object Lens: A 'Spreadsheet' for Cooperative Work", Proceedings of the Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work (CSCW '88), ACM Press, pp 115-124, 1988.

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