Beard, D.V., & Walker, J.Q. (1990). Navigational techniques to improve the display of large twodimensional spaces. Behaviour & Information Technology, 9(6), 451--466.  Home/Search   Document Not in Database   Summary   Related Articles   Check

....deals with the mental effort to locate a point of interest (focus) or to move it. The mechanical aspect relates to the mechanical effort (e.g. mouse movement) to achieve a cognitive navigation goal. The cognitive, non mechanical effort for navigational activities is called cognitive overhead [1]. A good visualization concept is critical both for understandability and ease of use of graphical models. A good concept should: 1) support orientation in the model by visualizing as much local detail as needed without losing the global context of the focused elements, 2) minimize the ....

....In order to assess the current state of visualization concepts of graphic requirements modeling tools, we have analyzed several tools [2] Most tools operating on flat or practically flat models only support scaling as a means of handling large models. Few tools have map windows or roam bars [1] for orientation and navigation. Tools operating on hierarchical model structures normally visualize a single node with its direct successors in one view. A few tools visualize all nodes in one view. Some tools of this kind have scaling possibilities, map windows or hierarchy overviews to manage ....

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Beard, D. V., Walker II, J. Q.: Navigational techniques to improve the display of large 2-D spaces. Behaviour & Information Technology, Vol. 9, No. 6; 1990. (pp. 451-466)

....reasonable for small information spaces, the many windows required by large spaces often lead to usability problems due to excessive screen clutter and window overlap. Third is the map view strategy, where one window contains a small overview, while a second window shows a large more detailed view [2, 22]. The overview contains a rectangle which can be moved and resized, and its contents are shown at a larger scale in the large view. Map views suffer from the extra space required for the overview, and from forcing the viewer to mentally integrate detail and context. Recent advances in ....

Beard, D. V. and Walker, J. Q. (1990) "Navigational techniques to improve the display of large twodimensional spaces." Behaviour and Information Technology, 9(6), pp. 451-466.

....Project uses these charts but the overviews do not provide the richness needed for personal histories, which are not carefully planned series of tasks but a mosaic of information that still need to be related to each other. When navigating large spaces overviews have been found helpful [11] [2]. In the medical domain studies have shown the benefits of record summary. The Summary Time Oriented Record, a pure text flowchart, was found to be helpful in an arthritis clinic [15] Another text summary record uses scaled values to indicate the severity of a symptom and also notes the duration ....

Beard, D., Walker II, J., Navigational techniques to improve the display of large two-dimensional spaces. Behaviour and Information Technology 9 , 6 (1990), 451466.

....visual affects in other coupled windows, extending the direct manipulation approach across the once impenetrable window borders. Research indicates that potential gains from coordination strategies are significant, dramatically improving user performance (browsing software [SSS86] large 2D spaces [BW90], hierarchical tables of contents [CWM94] managing windows [KS97] In addition to specialized visualization needs, common tasks in multiple window environments often practically beg for coordination. For example, consider the task of authoring a large web document (see Figure 1) Scrolling the ....

....composite coordinations, by chaining many together, which can be saved or shared. CONCLUSION The benefits of multiple window coordination appear to be significant: User performance improvement by reducing information access time, especially in the Hierarchical browsing case (as in [SSS86] [BW90], CWM94] and by reducing user actions (housekeeping) required to maintain a synchronized state by hand (as in [KS97] For example, with a simple key stroke level analysis, scrolling correlated cross section and CT scan images with synchronized scrolling coordination between the two views is ....

Beard, D., Walker, J., "Navigational techniques to improve the display of large twodimensional spaces", Behaviour & Information Technology, 9(6), pp. 451-466, (1990).

....by showing a minigraph scaled to fit exactly onto a small window, and using this as a map for browsing, as advocated by CHAPTER 5. A MONITORING INTERPRETER 86 0 1 2 3 0 1 2 3 4 1 4 1 1 1 Figure 5.10: Two possible displays of fib 7. Beard and Walker [11]. This has the advantage that all the structure is available to scrutiny if required, yet distinctive patterns within this, possibly hidden by the complexity of the full scale graph, may be revealed in the minigraph. The minigraph, which is a graph tree, has the shape it would have if labels were ....

David V. Beard and John Q. Walker II. Navigational techniques to improve the display of large two-dimensional spaces. Behaviour and Information Technology, 9(6):451--466, 1990.

....focus and context components. One or more regions are expanded to show more detail, while surrounding regions are de emphasized or made smaller. Fisheye views typically involve some distortion, however. The Mural is better suited for separate focus and context regions, similar to that done in [2]. One could envision placing a focus filter or lens on top of a Mural, much as done in the Movable Filter or Magic Lens[37] techniques, as a way of providing an integrated focus context view. Other information visualization techniques exist for presenting large data sets. The Cone Trees and ....

D. V. Beard and J. Q. Walker. Navigational techniques to improve the display of large twodimensional spaces. Behaviour and Information Technology, 9(6):451--466, 1990.

....Limitations All static hierarchy presentations have limits as to the quantity of information they are capable of presenting on a finite display space. When these limits are reached, navigational techniques such as scrolling or panning must be used, creating the potential for loss of context [1]. Common character based applications use a set number of lines to display the hierarchy. Graphical tree diagrams have more leeway: depending upon the drawing algorithm and the size of the display space, a hundred or so nodes can be adequately represented on screen without the need for panning or ....

D. Beard and J. Walker II. Navigational techniques to improve the display of large two-dimensional spaces. Behavior & Information Technology, 9(6):451-466, 1990.

....two similar direct manipulation techniques. Both use a miniature of the entire information space to assist the user in remembering his or her location. The first technique allows the user to rapidly roam over the space while the second allows zooming into a particular region while roaming [Beard Walker, 1987]. The entire information space can be shown, in miniature form, in a map window occupying a small part of the display. A wire frame box or rectangle inside the window shows the portion of the information space displayed on the main display. The main display is the actual viewport into the ....

. Beard, David & Walker, John. Navigational Techniques to Improve the Display of Large Two-Dimensional Spaces, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Technical Report TR87-031, November 1987.

....size if required. However, node link diagrams make inefficient use of screen space, and even trees of medium size need multiple screens to be completely displayed. This necessitates scrolling of the diagram and global context is lost, since only a part of the diagram is visible at any given time. Beard Walker (1990) used a map window a miniature of the entire information space with a wire frame box to aid users in remembering their location. The map window is better known as an overview , the entire information space shown in full size is the Detailed View and the wire frame box is the field of view or ....

BEARD, D. V. , WALKER II, J. Q.(1990 ). Navigational Techniques to Improve the Display of Large Two-Dimensional Spaces. Behavior & Information Technology. 9 (6), 451-466.

....matures, visualizations must scale to larger and more complex information spaces. Different visualization techniques have been proposed to increase the amount of information that can be displayed on the screen at the same time, both to create global views and to portray focus context simultaneously[25, 21, 5, 1, 2, 13, 17, 4, 24, 22, 23, 16, 27, 14]. However, all visualizations must be created using the limited number of pixels on the screen; this often severely constrains a designer s ability to create global overviews of large information spaces. Our Information Mural technique allows 2D visual representations of large information spaces ....

D. V. Beard and J. Q. W. II. Navigational techniques to improve the display of large two-dimensional spaces. Behaviour and Information Technology, 9(6):451--466, 1990.

.... the issues of disorientation and cognitive overhead [8] These include graphical browsers, overview diagrams, web views, paths, trails, guided tours and tabletops, history lists, timestamps, footprints, bookmarks, backtracks, queries, embedded menus, fisheye views and roam and zoom techniques [3,7,11,13,17,24,28,30]. Authoring guidelines have also been proposed for the organization of information in a hypertext system [23] However, there has been no systematic and comprehensive approach towards the design of user interfaces for hypertext systems. This paper attempts to explore the application of a set of ....

Beard, David & Walker, John. Navigational Techniques to Improve the Display of Large Two-Dimensional Spaces, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Technical Report TR87-031, November 1987.

....visual affects in other coupled windows, extending the direct manipulation approach across the once impenetrable window borders. Research indicates that potential gains from coordination strategies are significant, dramatically improving user performance (browsing software [SSS86] large 2D spaces [BW90] [Kap95] hierarchical tables of contents [CWM94] managing windows [KS97] For example, in the field of information visualization, several different types of multiple window coordinations have been used to create powerful exploratory environments. XGobi [BCS96] uses brushing in multiple ....

....by chaining many together to create powerful and comprehensive browsing environments (as in Figures 1, 3, and 6) Save and share coordinated window groups for reuse. User performance improvement by reducing information access time, especially in the Hierarchical browsing case (as in [SSS86] [BW90], CWM94] and by reducing user actions (housekeeping) required to maintain a synchronized state by hand (as in [KS97] For example, with a simple key stroke level analysis, scrolling correlated cross section and CT scan images with synchronized scrolling coordination between the two views is ....

Beard, D., Walker, J., "Navigational techniques to improve the display of large twodimensional spaces", Behaviour & Information Technology, 9(6): 451-466, (1990).

....may cause the viewer to become disoriented in relation to the graph as a whole. However the two solutions may be effectively combined by showing a minigraph, scaled to fit exactly into a small window, and using this as a map for browsing in the main display area, as advocated by Beard and Walker [1]. This has the advantage that all the structure is available to scrutiny if required, yet patterns within this, possibly hidden by the complexity of the full scale graph, may be revealed in the minigraph. 4.3 Overcoming the problem of size II: Filtering In order to reduce the number of vertices ....

David V. Beard and John Q. Walker II. Navigational techniques to improve the display of large two-dimensional spaces. Behaviour and Information Technology, 9(6):451--466, 1990.

....at once. The challenge is to display a meaningful abridgment of the textual and pictorial concepts of the concept space and to allow access to details by some method that does not disorient the user from the global context. Beard and Walker have empirical results to argue strongly for an overview. [BW90] The methods described below use scrolling, panning, roaming, zooming, and distortion to achieve this. Another problem is that concept spaces lack a geographical topology. Visualization requires mapping a high dimensional space onto a two dimensional or three dimensional display. A common ....

D. Beard and J. Walker. Navigational techniques to improve the display of large two-dimensional spaces. Behaviour & Information Technology, 9(6):451--466, November 1990.

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Beard, D.V., & Walker, J.Q. (1990). Navigational techniques to improve the display of large twodimensional spaces. Behaviour & Information Technology, 9(6), 451--466.

No context found.

D. Beard and J. Walker, "Navigational techniques to improve the display of large twodimensional spaces," Behav. Inf. Tech, vol. 9(6), pp. 451-466, 1990.

No context found.

D. Beard and J. Walker, "Navigational techniques to improve the display of large twodimensional spaces," Behav. Inf. Tech, vol. 9(6), pp. 451-466, 1990.

No context found.

Beard, D. V., Walker II, J. Q. (1990). Navigational Techniques to Improve the Display of Large TwoDimensional Spaces. Behavior & Information Technology. 9 (6), 451-466.

No context found.

Beard, D. V., Walker II, J. Q.: Navigational techniques to improve the display of large twodimensional spaces. Behaviour & Information Technology, Vol. 9, No. 6; 1990. (pp. 451-466)

No context found.

BEARD,D.V.&WALKER, J. Q. (1990). Navigational techniques to improve the display of large two-dimensional spaces. Behaviour and Information echnology, 9, 451---466.

No context found.

Beard, D. V. and Walker II, J. Q., 1990. Navigational techniques to improve the display of large two-dimensional spaces. Behavior & Information Technology 9, 6, 451-466.

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