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Smith, R. E., and M. Valenzuela-Rendn. 1989. A study of rule set development in a learning classifier system. In Proceedings of the third international conference on genetic algorithms, 340346.

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Financial Forecasting Using Genetic Algorithms - Mahfoud, Mani (1996)   (6 citations)  (Correct)

....In many studies, the poor performance of the genetic system could be attributed to a poor method of niching. Fitness sharing (Goldberg Richardson, 1987) is one type of niching method that has been applied to classification (Booker, 1982; Horn et al. 1994; Kargupta Smith, 1991; Packard, 1990; Smith Valenzuela Rendn, 1989). Fitness sharing works by reducing the fitnesses of similar population elements. Crowding (De Jong, 1975; Mahfoud, 1992, 1994, 1995a) is another type of niching method that has also been applied to classification (Booker, 1982; Goldberg, 1983; Holland Reitman, 1978; Sedbrook et al. 1991; ....

Smith, R. E., and M. Valenzuela-Rendn. 1989. A study of rule set development in a learning classifier system. In Proceedings of the third international conference on genetic algorithms, 340346.


What Makes a Problem Hard for a Classifier System? - Goldberg, Horn, Deb (1992)   (Correct)

....able to create populations of rules that cover the possible inputs properly. Going back to Holland and Reitman (1978) crowding was incorporated in the CS 1 system, while in Booker (1982) sharing was suggested and used. Goldberg (1983) used crowding to learn a set of control rules. More recently, Smith and Valenzuela Rendon (1989) showed analytically that genotypic fitness sharing (as opposed to Booker s use of phenotypic sharing) can allow the LCS to maintain enough rules to cover a boolean function. In these and other studies genetic algorithms have been modified in manners that permit stable formation of niches and ....

Smith, R. E., & Valenzuela-Rendon, M. (1989). A study of rule set development in a learning classifier system. Proceedings of the Third International Conference on Genetic Algorithms, 340-346..


Natural Niching for Cooperative Learning in Classifier Systems - Horn, Goldberg   (1 citation)  (Correct)

....frame that is at least an order of magnitude greater than the convergence time of the GA. The only way to maintain such high quality diversity in the face of high selection pressure is to balance convergence with a restorative force, such as niching pressure (Horn, 1993) 2. 2 Previous work Smith and Valenzuela Rend on (1989) identified the general need for niching in the LCS. They applied explicit fitness sharing to a small LCS using Hamming distance as a metric on the space of rules. They were successful in maintaining a set of diverse rules that together covered the examples and solved the problem. However, they ....

Smith, R. E., & Valenzuela-Rend'on, M. (1989). A study of rule set development in a learning classifier system. In J. D. Schaffer, (Ed.), Proceedings of the Third International Conference on Genetic Algorithms, San Mateo: Morgan Kaufmann, 340--346.


A Timing Analysis of Convergence to Fitness Sharing Equilibrium - Horn, Goldberg   (Correct)

....simple, well known method of expected proportion equations to model niche convergence. This method of tracking the expected next generation population only (rather than tracking the entire distribution over all possible populations) has been put to good use many times in the GA literature (e.g. [14, 6, 13]) The methodology has acquired several names: the infinite population model [15] the virtual average population [13] or the local expected path 3 [4] 2.2 Example: Simple GA Convergence To illustrate the expected proportions analysis, and to provide a basis for comparison with our niching ....

Smith, R. E., & Valenzuela-Rend'on, M. (1989). A study of rule set development in a learning classifier system. In J. D. Schaffer, (Ed.), Proceedings of the Third International Conference on Genetic Algorithms, San Mateo, CA: Morgan Kaufmann, 340--346.


Implicit Niching in a Learning Classifier System: Nature's Way - Horn, Goldberg, Deb (1994)   (24 citations)  (Correct)

....frame that is at least an order of magnitude greater than the convergence time of the GA. The only way to maintain such high quality diversity in the face of high selection pressure is to balance convergence with a restorative force, such as niching pressure (Horn, 1993) 2. 3 Previous work Smith and Valenzuela Rend on (1989) identified the general need for niching in the LCS. They applied explicit fitness sharing to a small LCS using Hamming distance as a metric on the space of rules. They were successful in maintaining a set of diverse rules that together covered the examples and solved the problem. However, they ....

Smith, R. E., & Valenzuela-Rend'on, M. (1989). A study of rule set development in a learning classifier system. In J. D. Schaffer, (Ed.), Proceedings of the Third International Conference on Genetic Algorithms, San Mateo: Morgan Kaufmann, 340--346.

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