A. Chandrakasan, R. Amritaharajah, S. Cho, J. Goodman, G. Konduri, J. Kullik, W. Rabiner, and A. Wang. Design considerations for distributed microsensor systems. In IEEE Custom Integrated Circuits Conference, pages 279-- 286, 1999.  Home/Search   Document Details and Download   Summary   Related Articles   Check

....on sensor networks especially in a power aware fashion is extremely important. 3,4,5] are some of the publications in this direction. 4] studies online power aware routing in large sensor networks. They seek to optimize the system lifetime and develop and approximation algorithm to achieve this. [1,7,13] emphasize the importance of low power communication, computation and partitioning (clustering) in sensor networks. In this paper we look at the theoretical aspects of the sensor node clustering problem. The proposed algorithms could be used for partitioning the sensor nodes into subgroups for ....

Chandrakasan, A.; Amirtharajah, R.; Cho, S. H.; Goodman, J.; Konduri, G.; Kulik, J.; Rabiner, W.; Wang, A. Design Considerations for Distributed Microsensor Systems, Proc. of IEEE Custom Integrated Circuits Conference 1999, 279-286.

....MD 21250. E mail: dasgupta,meg3,kalpakis csee.umbc.edu. Phone: 410 455 3143. Fax: 410 455 3969. Please send all correspondence to Prof. Kalpakis. For increasing the lifetime of sensor networks, it is imperative that the node and the physical link are made as energy e#cient as possible [6]. Second, the collaborative strategy i.e. the strategy that governs how nodes co operate to perform the sensing and gathering operations, must be energy e#cient as well. To this end, there are several power aware routing protocols for wireless ad hoc networks described in the literature [11, ....

A. Chandrakasan et al. Design Considerations for Distributed Microsensor Systems. In Proceedings of IEEE Custom Integrated Circuits Conference, 1999.

....sensing field, e.g. size, and distance. We quantify the optimal number of clusters based on our model and show how to allocate energy between different layers. I. INTRODUCTION The rapid development in small, low power, low cost microelectronic and micro electromechanical (MEMs) sensor technology [1] along with the advances in wireless technology have enabled wireless sensors to be deployed in large quantities to form wireless sensor networks for a wide variety of purposes, e.g. image formation of a target field, intrusion detection, surveillance and monitoring. Such deployment can be random ....

.... it is tempting to simply apply existing research in wireless networks to sensor networks, sensor networks have enough particular characteristics and challenges to justify their specific study [2] Sensor networks have been quite extensively studied in the past few years, see for example [3] 4] [1], 5] and [6] This project is funded by NSF ITR grant number ANI 0112801. To the best of our knowledge, almost all of the existing work focuses on sensor networks that consist of identical sensors with equal capacity in terms of sensing, computation, communication, and power. Consequently we ....

A. Chandrakasan, R. Amirtharajah, S. Cho, J. Goodman, G. Konduri, J. Kulik, W. Rabiner, and A. Wang, "Design considerations for distributed microsensor systems," Tech. Rep., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2000.

....DSDV grid topology event model DSR 12x12 grid AODV 12x12 grid DSDV 12x12 grid Figure 18: The effects of the routing protocol on goodput for a 12x12 grid. 7. RELATED WORK Because of the unique requirements on sensor network nodes, several groups have proposed architectures for sensor nodes [1, 6, 8, 15, 24, 25, 26, 31, 35]. On top of these architectures, several studies targeted the development of powerefficient medium access protocols (e.g. 30, 32, 35] Networking and data dissemination issues have also received considerable interest. Due to the data centric nature of sensor networks, researchers proposed ....

CHANDRAKASAN,A.,AMIRTHARAJAH,A.,CHO,S., GOODMAN, J., KONDURI,G.,KULIK, J., RABINER, W. , AND WANG, A. Design considerations for distributed microsensor systems. In Proc. of the IEEE 1999.

....capacity and resources. Thus a main goal of topology control is to increase the longevity of such networks which can be obtained by designing powerefficient algorithms. Indeed, minimizing energy consumption in topology control is a key factor in the optimal usage of wireless sensor networks [1]. We also note that because of limited capacity, we need to have as few as possible facilities such as GPS. One property of the network that has been considered by Liet al... 15, 10] is connectivity. They assume that nodes do not have any kind of GPS and their algorithm works using only directional ....

....= k = 1)1 = k = 2)1 = k = 3) I Degree 67.400 I 4.055 I 14.600 I 21.925 I Average Radius 260 92.510 158.388 184.025 Table 1. Average degree and radius of the cone based topology control algorithm for 1 , 2 , and 3 connectivity. 4. 2 An optimization Similar to the shrink back operation in [1] for preserving connectivity, we can design an optimization operation to the basic algorithm to further reduce the maximum power at each node while still preserving k connectivity. Here the same shrink back optimization in [1] does not work for preserving k connectivity; however it can be modified ....

[Article contains additional citation context not shown here]

A. Chandrakasan, R. Amirtharajah, S.H. Cho, J. Goodman, G. Konduri, J. Kulik, W. Rabiner, and Wang A. Design considerations for distributed microsensor systems. In Proc. IEEE Custom Integrated Circuits Conference (CICC), pages 279-286. May 1999.

.... and temporary collaborations among temporary associates, as at a business conference or lecture [13] 18] 32] 33] 34] Sensor networks: Comprised of small sensors, these mobile networks can be deployed with very large numbers of nodes, and have very impoverished per node resources [9], 19] Minimization of state per node in a network of tens of thousands of memory poor sensors is crucial. Rooftop networks: Proposed by Shepard [37] these wireless networks are not mobile, but are deployed very densely in metropolitan areas (the name refers to an antenna on each building s ....

CHANDRAKASAN, A., AMIRTHARAJAH, R., CHO, S., GOODMAN, J., KONDURI, G., KULIK, J., RABINER, W., AND WANG, A. Design considerations for distributed microsensor systems. In Proceedings of the IEEE

....Scenarios illustrating the e ect of possible data compression are presented. Simulation results are also presented to show the dynamic nature of both cases. 1 Introduction The rapid development in small, low power, low cost microelectronic and microelectromechanical (MEMs) sensor technology [1] along with the advances in wireless technology have enabled wireless sensors to be deployed in large quantities to form wireless sensor networks for a wide variety of purposes, e.g. image formation of a target eld, intrusion detection, surveillance and monitoring. Such deployment can be random ....

.... to simply apply existing research in wireless networks to sensor networks, sensor networks have enough particular characteristics and challenges to justify their speci c study [2] In general, sensor networks are highly application mission speci c, and many valid models have been studied, e.g. [3, 4, 1, 5, 6]. Some of them assume that all the information gathered is to be sent to a receiver located far away from the area being sensed [3] some of them consider all sensors within the network to be potential sinks of the sensing data [4, 5] Most work limits the energy available to the sensors to ....

[Article contains additional citation context not shown here]

A. Chandrakasan, R. Amirtharajah, S. Cho, J. Goodman, G. Konduri, J. Kulik, W. Rabiner, and A. Wang, \Design considerations for distributed microsensor systems," Tech. Rep., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2000.

....to the movement. Rather than simply have every sensor active, this selective activity can maximise the probability that a sensor will be active when it is needed to gather information. This can substantially reduce power consumption. Others have considered the problems of both sensor design [Chandrakasan 1999] [da Silva 2001] and the issues of protocol design (e.g. Arnold 1999] Erkip 2001] Heinzelman 1999] When we come to consider constructed environments such as a supermarket, or an airport terminal it is natural to reconsider these approaches. Is it possible to take advantage of other ....

Anantha Chandrakasan et al "Design Considerations for Distributed Microsensor Networks" IEEE 1999 Custom Integrated Circuits Conference, pp. 279-286

.... by the year 2004 (see Figure 1 1) 98] Advances in energy efficient design and wireless technologies have enabled portable devices to support several important wireless applications, including real time multimedia communication [77] medical applications, surveillance using microsensor networks [5, 17, 19, 25], and home networking applications [12, 43] An important challenge in the design of wireless and mobile systems is that two key resources communication bandwidth and energy are significantly more limited than in a tethered network environment. These restrictions require innovative ....

....recently matured to the point where microsensor nodes are feasible, this is a fairly new field of study. Researchers have begun discussing not only the uses and challenges facing sensor networks [5, 27, 73] but also have been developing preliminary ideas as to how these networks should function [19, 22, 40, 48] as well as the appropriate low energy architecture for the sensor nodes themselves [17, 25, 74] Sensor nodes typically contain a sensor module, some sort of processing element, and a wireless interface module [19, 25] As these nodes are battery operated, it is important to ensure each of these ....

[Article contains additional citation context not shown here]

A. Chandrakasan, R. Amirtharajah, S.-H. Cho, J. Goodman, G. Konduri, J. Kulik, W. Rabiner, and A. Wang. Design Considerations for Distributed Microsensor Systems. In IEEE 1999 Custom Integrated Circuits Conference (CICC), pages 279--286, May 1999.

....doubling the useful system lifetime for the networks we simulated. 1. Introduction Recent advances in MEMS based sensor technology, low power analog and digital electronics, and low power RF design have enabled the development of relatively inexpensive and low power wireless microsensors [2, 3, 4]. These sensors are not as reliable or as accurate as their expensive macrosensor counterparts, but their size and cost enable applications to network hundreds or thousands of these microsensors in order to achieve high quality, faulttolerant sensing networks. Reliable environment monitoring is ....

Chandrakasan, Amirtharajah, Cho, Goodman, Konduri, Kulik, Rabiner, and Wang. Design Considerations for Distributed Microsensor Systems. In IEEE 1999 Custom Integrated Circuits Conference (CICC), pages 279--286, May 1999.

.... and temporary collaborations among temporary associates, as at a business conference or lecture [10] 12] 20] 21] 22] Sensor networks: Comprised of small sensors, these mobile networks can be deployed with very large numbers of nodes, and have very impoverished per node resources [6], 13] Minimization of state per node in a network of tens of thousands of memory poor sensors is crucial. Rooftop networks: Proposed by Shepard [24] these wireless networks are not mobile, but are deployed very densely in metropolitan areas (the name refers to an antenna on each building s ....

CHANDRAKASAN, A., AMIRTHARAJAH, R., CHO, S., GOODMAN, J., KONDURI, G., KULIK, J., RABINER, W., AND WANG, A. Design considerations for distributed microsensor systems. In Proceedings of the IEEE 1999 Custom Integrated Circuits Conference (CICC '99) (May 1999), pp. 279--286.

No context found.

A. Chandrakasan, R. Amirtharajah, S.-H. Cho, J. Goodman, G. Konduri, J. Kulik, W. Rabiner, and A. Wang, "Design considerations for distributed microsensor systems," in Proc. IEEE Custom Integrated Circuits Conf. (CICC), San Diego, CA, May 1999, pp. 279--286.

No context found.

A. Chandrakasan et al., "Design considerations for distributed microsensor systems," in Proc. IEEE 1999.

No context found.

A. Chandrakasan, R. Amirtharajah, S. H. Cho, J. Goodman, G. Konduri, J. Kulik, W. Rabiner, and A. Wang. Design considerations for distributed microsensor systems. In ##### #### ###### ########## ######## ########## ######, pages 279-286, May 1999.

....by adjusting its transmission power to control its set of neighbors. The primary goal of topology control is to design power e#cient algorithms that maintain network connectivity and optimize performance metrics such as network lifetime and throughput. As pointed out by Chandrakasan et. al [2], network protocols that minimize energy consumption are key to the successful usage of wireless sensor networks. To simplify deployment and reconfiguration in the presence of failures and mobility, distributed topology control algorithms that utilize only local information and allow asynchronous ....

A. Chandrakasan, R. Amirtharajah, S. H. Cho, J. Goodman, G. Konduri, J. Kulik, W. Rabiner, and A. Wang. Design considerations for distributed microsensor systems. In Proc. IEEE Custom Integrated Circuits Conference (CICC), pages 279--286, May 1999.

....accepted that the key challenge in unlocking the potential of such networks is maximizing their post deployment active lifetime. Effort aimed at increasing the lifetime of sensor networks is two pronged. First, the node and the physical link must be made as energy efficient as possible. See [2] [3], 4] for some representative work. Second, the collaborative strategy i.e. the strategy that governs how nodes cooperate to perform the sensing operation, must be energy efficient as well. Work in this area has dealt with different aspects of the problem. Work reported in [5] highlighted the need ....

A. Chandrakasan et al., "Design considerations for distributed microsensor systems," in Custom Integrated Circuits Conference (CICC), pp. 279--286, May 1999.

....accepted that the key challenge in unlocking the potential of such networks is maximizing their post deployment active lifetime. Effort aimed at increasing the lifetime of sensor networks is two pronged. First, the node and the physical link must be made as energy efficient as possible. See [2] [3], 4] for some representative work. Second, the collaborative strategy i.e. the strategy that governs how nodes cooperate to perform the sensing operation, must be energy efficient as well. Work in this area has dealt with different aspects of the problem. Work reported in [5] highlighted the need ....

A. Chandrakasan et al., "Design considerations for distributed microsensor systems," in Custom Integrated Circuits Conference (CICC), pp. 279-- 286, May 1999.

....by adjusting its transmission power to control its set of neighbors. The primary goal of topology control is to design power e#cient algorithms that maintain network connectivity and optimize performance metrics such as network lifetime and throughput. As pointed out by Chandrakasan et. al [1], network protocols that minimize energy consumption are key to the successful usage of wireless sensor networks. To simplify deployment and reconfiguration upon failures and mobility, distributed topology control algorithms that utilize only local information and allow asynchronous operations are ....

A. Chandrakasan, R. Amirtharajah, S. H. Cho, J. Goodman, G. Konduri, J. Kulik, W. Rabiner, and A. Wang. Design considerations for distributed microsensor systems. In Proc. IEEE Custom Integrated Circuits Conference (CICC), pages 279--286, May 1999.

....gather data and extend the operating lifetime of the entire system. Compared to larger macrosensor based systems, microsensor networks offer a longevity, robustness, and ease of deployment that are ideal for environments where maintenance or battery replacement may be inconvenient or impossible [3]. The MIT AMPS ( Adaptive Multi Domain PowerAware Sensors) project is developing the enabling technologies for distributed microsensor networks. We envision microsensor networks composed of hundreds to thousands of small, inexpensive, and homogeneous nodes. Once deployed, the nodes periodically ....

A. Chandrakasan et al., "Design Considerations for Distributed Microsensor Systems," Proc. CICC 1999, pp. 279-286.

....pictures of the environment. While individual microsensor nodes are not as accurate as their expensive macrosensor counterparts, their size and cost will enable the networking of hundreds or thousands of nodes in order to achieve high quality, easily deployed, faulttolerant sensing networks [1][2] A key challenge in the design of a microsensor node is low energy dissipation. In this paper, we advocate power aware system design, which calls for a system whose energy consumption adapts to constraints and variations in the environment, onboard resources, or user requests. Power aware ....

A. Chandrakasan et al., "Design Considerations for Distributed Microsensor Systems," Proc. CICC 1999, pp. 279-286.

....of a large numberof nodes enables high quality sensing networks with the additional advantagesof easy deployment and f ault tolerance. These characteristics that make microsensors idealfe deployment in otherwise inaccessible environments where maintenance would be inconvenient or impossible [1] 2][3]. The potentialfn collaborative, robust networks of microsensors has attracted a great deal of research attention. The WINS [5] and PicoRadio [6] and projects,fo instance, aim to integrate sensing, processing and radio communication onto a microsensor node. Current prototypes are custom circuit ....

A. Chandrakasan et al., "Design Considerations for Distributed Microsensor Systems, " Proc. CICC 1999, pp. 279-286.

....in unlocking the potential of such data gathering sensor networks is conserving energy so as to maximize their post deployment active lifetime [1] Any e#ort to increase the network lifetime must necessarily be two pronged. Firstly, the node itself must be made as energy e#cient as possible [1] [4], 5] Secondly, the collaborative strategies which govern how nodes cooperate to sense data must be energy e#cient. Most work in this latter area has been directed towards energy aware This research is sponsored by DARPA Power Aware Computing Communication Program and the Air Force Research ....

....the source. Finally, we assume that observing a source entails relaying data at a certain source rate measured in bits per second. C. Modelling Node Energy Behavior Every node has a sensor, analog pre conditioning and data conversion circuitry (A D) digital signal processing and a radio link [4], 10] Since we are dealing with nodes that are either sensors or pure relays (or powered down) the key energy parameters are the energy needed to sense a bit (E sense ) receive a bit (E rx ) and transmit a bit over a distance d (E tx ) Assuming a 1 d n path loss [11] these take the form, ....

A. P. Chandrakasan et. al., "Design Considerations for Distributed Microsensor Systems," in IEEE 1999 Custom Integrated Circuits Conference (CICC), May 1999, pp. 279--286.

....state and overall power consumption model [2] the system should be able to predict its uptime. If the battery life is insufficient, the user might choose to tradeoff some quality performance and extend the battery life of his laptop. Consider another scenario where a distributed sensor network [3] is being used to monitor seismic activity from a remote basestation. Sensor nodes are energy constrained and have a finite lifetime. It would be highly desirable to have energy scalable algorithms and protocols running on the sensor network. The remote basestation should have the capability to ....

A. Chandrakasan, et. al., "Design Considerations for Distributed Microsensor Systems", Proceedings of the IEEE 1999 Custom Integrated Circuits Conference, San Deigo, May 1999, pp. 279-286

No context found.

A. Chandrakasan, R. Amritaharajah, S. Cho, J. Goodman, G. Konduri, J. Kullik, W. Rabiner, and A. Wang. Design considerations for distributed microsensor systems. In IEEE Custom Integrated Circuits Conference, pages 279-- 286, 1999.

No context found.

A.P. Chandrakasan et al, Design considerations for distributed micro sensor systems, in Proc. CICC, 1999, pp. 279-286.

No context found.

A. Chandrakasan, R. Amirtharajah, S. Cho, J. Goodman, "Design considerations for distributed microsensor systems", Proc. of IEEE Customs Integrated Circuits Conference (CICC), May 1999, San Diego, CA, pp. 279-286.

No context found.

A. Chandrakasan, R. Amirtharajah, S. Cho, and J. Goodman, Design considerations for distributed micro sensor systems, Proc. of IEEE Customs Integrated Circuits Conference (CICC), May 1999, pp. 279-286.

No context found.

A.P. Chandrakasan, et al., "Design consideration for distributed microsensor system," in Proc. CICC, 1999, pp. 279-286.

No context found.

A. Chandrakasan, R. Amirtharajah, S.H. Cho, J. Goodman, G. Konduri, J. Kulik, W. Rabiner, and A. Wang . "Design Considerations for Distributed Microsensor Systems". In Proc. of IEEE Custom Integrated Circuits Conference, pages 279--286, May 1999.

No context found.

A. Chandrakasan, R. Amritharajah, S. Cho, J. Goodman, G. Konduri, J. Kulik, W. Rabiner, A. Wang, Design considerations for distributed microsensor systems, in: IEEE Custom Integrated Circuits Conf., May 1999, pp. 279--286.

No context found.

A. Chandrakasan, R. Amirtharajah, S.-H. Cho, J. Goodman, G. Konduri, J. Kulik, W. Rabiner, and A. Wang, "Design Considerations for Distributed Microsensor Networks," Proc. IEEE Custom Integrated Circuits Conference (CICC), pp. 279-286, 1999.

No context found.

A.P. Chandrakasan et al., "Design Considerations for Distributed Microsensor Systems," Proc. Custom Integrated Circuits Conf., IEEE, Piscataway, NJ, 1999, pp. 279-286.

No context found.

A.P. Chandrakasan, R. Amirtharajah, S.H. Cho, J. Goodman, G. Konduri, J. Kulik, W. Rabiner, and A. Wang, "Design considerations for distributed microsensor systems," in Proc. CICC, 1999, pp. 279-286.

Online articles have much greater impact   More about CiteSeer.IST   Add search form to your site   Submit documents   Feedback  

CiteSeer.IST - Copyright Penn State and NEC