Tim Berners-Lee, Robert Cailliau, Jean-Francois Groff, and Bernd Pollermann. World-wide web: The information universe. Electronic Networking, 2(1):52--58, 1992.  Home/Search   Document Details and Download   Summary   Related Articles   Check

....data which our system achieves 3 through its use of content labels. Also, the systems are not integrated into a file system, nor do they provide automatic attribute based access to the contents of objects. Network navigation systems such as the Gopher system [AAL 91] and the Word Wide Web [BLCGP92] provide a means for organizing servers into a structure that allows navigating among and browsing through remote information on servers. If the user knows what to look for and where the resource might be located, then interesting resources can be discovered. These systems provide facilities for ....

....tools, all without modification. Unfortunately, NFS systems do not tolerate failure well as a rule, and error reporting and recovery are awkward 13 in the protocol. Our architecture, however, is independent of the underlying communication protocol. We could use Gopher [AAL 91] World Wide Web [BLCGP92] Z39.50 [NIS91] or any other mechanism that provides distributed access to servers. Client AMD CRS Server Virtual Directories Query Forward Content Labels NFS server mount Server Transducer direct object access Content Router Mountd Information Server Mountd Information ....

Tim Berners-Lee, Robert Cailliau, Jean-Francois Groff, and Bernd Pollermann. World-wide web: The information universe. Electronic Networking, 2(1):52--58, 1992.

....Submitted for publication. This paper introduces the iScent architecture, a system to support shared awareness and intersubjectivity between co workers. As such it is a continuation and generalisation of the awareness tools already present in the Arakne Environment. Referred to in this text as [6] and then marked with [P5] 1.3. THE ARAKNE ENVIRONMENT 9 1.3 The Arakne Environment The Arakne Environment is a tangible result of my Ph.D. It is a collaborative open http: www.bouvin.net Arakne hypermedia system aimed at Web augmentation. The basis of the system is an environment wherein ....

....not limited to the group: people work together across boundaries an example is networking between within and without organisations. CSCW is a large field and the scope of this text does not permit a general overview. One area especially pertinent to my work (papers [15] P4] Section 6. 4) and [6] [P5] Section 6.5) is the study and support of shared awareness. As described by Heath and Luff [65] in their analysis of work done by traffic controllers in the London Underground, maintaining shared awareness between co workers can be crucial. Many systems has endeavoured to support this. The ....

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T. Berners-Lee, R. Cailliau, J.-F. Groff, and B. Pollerman. World-Wide Web: The information universe. Electronic Networking: Research, Applications and Policy, 1(2), 1992.

....problem in theInternet. Although its growth will eventually slow from an exponential toageometrical rate once thenumber of Internet addresses per capita reaches the limit of convenience, it is already too big for centralized indexinganditisstill growing exponentially. Decentralized tools like WWW[Berners Lee et al. 1992, Andreessen, 1993] Gopher[McCahill, 1992]andWAIS[Obraczka et al. 1993,Kahle, 1991] resulted in part from our experiences with Archie. Unfortunately, in tryingto solvesomeofthefundamental problems faced bydecentralized systems, manyofthenew tools havere introduced centralized indexinginsome form ....

....Nearly 40 of FTP transmissions are redundant[Ewing et al. 1992] yet there is no caching. This problem is solved bysomeofthe extended networked file systems we will describe later, but resource discovery remains a problem for them. 11 4.2. WWW Mosaic TheWorld WideWeb[Obraczka et al. 1993,Berners Lee et al. 1992]isthelatest andgreatest of a series of networked tools followinginthefootsteps of Gopher andWAIS (described below) TheWeb appears tothe user as an enormous hyperdocument. Resource discovery is achieved almost entirely through navigation, butfull text retrieval is supported by some WWW servers ....

Berners-Lee, T. J., Cailliau, R., Groff, J-F, andPollermann, B. (1992). World-WideWeb: The information universe. Electronic Networking: Research, Applications, and Policy, 2(1):52--58.

....affected the Internet because of the increased research capacity available [BTB95] Eventually, particularly in the 1990 s, the use of the Internet spread to the general public through various network providers. The inclusion of the general public, and the development of the World Wide Web [BLCGP92] has greatly increased traffic and the demand on Internet resources. In recent years, the Web has been the fastest growing component of network traffic on the NSFNET backbone (the major packet transmission lines in North America) and throughout the Internet [AW96] Even though the NSFNET has now ....

T.J. Berners-Lee, R. Cailliau, J-F. Groff, and B. Pollermann. World-Wide Web: The information universe. Electronic Networking: Research, Applications and Policy, 2(1):52--58, Spring 1992.

....for building repositories of heterogeneous software artifacts [25] accessing geo spatial data, and a variety of other applications. It supports the largely automatic generation of InfoHarness repositories, and provides access to the physical information from Mosaic and other World Wide Web (WWW [2]) browsers through an HTTP gateway. We expect to make the system available on the Internet in the first half of 1995. The key features of InfoHarness include: Providing advanced search and browsing capabilities without restructuring, reformatting, or relocating information. An extensible ....

T. Berners-Lee et al, "World Wide Web: The Information Universe", Electronic Networking: Research, Applications and Policy", 1(2), 1992.

....simplify the creation of dynamic documents by moving the programming components of traditional development to authoring of html pages with an extended tag language. Keywords: CGI programming, HTML, Dynamic documents, Interactive documents, virtual environments. Introduction The World Wide Web [1] is growing faster every day, and the time where universities and research labs were the only ones with a Web server is long gone. Today retail outlets see a need for web sites for on line shopping, museums want to install virtual tour web servers for their fast changing collections, and schools ....

T. Berners-Lee, R. Cailliau, and J. Groff, World Wide Web: The Information Universe, Electron. Networking: Res. App. Policy 2, 1 (Spring 1992), 52-58.

....documents [7] In a hypertext, links are provided to other (parts of) documents which in some way or another are related to the current document. By choosing the right links, the user tries to find the document he is interested in. World Wide Web is a very nice example of a (world wide) hypertext [2]. Both examples show the characteristic of browsing: the use of intermediate results in order to get the required result. This paper does not describe some new innovative browsing technique. It provides a general model to describe intuitive ideas about browsing [3] 4] In this particular ....

T.J. Berners-Lee, R. Cailliau, J-F Groff, and B. Pollermann. World-Wide Web: The Information Universe. Electronic Networking: Research, Applications and Policy, 2(1):52--58, 1992.

....an embedded scripting language, CrossJam, based upon transformation scripting. Grendel has a number of novel applicationsand a simple visual tool, Spar, to assist in scripting the browser s behavior. 1 Introduction As we rely more and more on the information repository known as the World Wide Web [2] our documents come under the requirements of this globally networked environment. Since the agents of the Web (servers, browsers, indexers, editors, crawlers, etc. are programs, documents are required to conform to formal specifications. This conformity allows programs to derive higher level ....

Tim Berners-Lee, Robert Cailliau, Jean-Francois Groff, and Bernd Pollermann. World-Wide Web: The information universe. Electronic Networking: Research, Applications, and Policy, 1(2):52--58, Spring 1992. Available via ftp://ftp.w3.org/pub/www/doc/ENRAP 9202.ps.Z.

....recent Web based guided tour systems, and it is argued that Webvise Guided Tour System solves a number of prior system problems. Keywords Guided tours; Paths, Trails, Navigation; Hypermedia; Metro Map metaphor 1. INTRODUCTION This paper presents a guided tour editor and generator for the WWW [1], which has been developed as an integrated part of the open hypermedia system called Webvise [8,9] The generated guided tours can be used by readers in plain browsers without using Java or any plug in. The notion of a guided tour has become quite common on the Web; the search terms guided ....

T. Berners-Lee, R. Cailliau, J. Groff, World Wide Web: the information universe, Electronic Networking Research, Application and Policy, 1(2): 52--58, 1992.

....the Scheme programming language. Our measures and the first experience with MAP applications show that significant performance improvement can be achieved bymoving computation closer to data: both the elapsed time and network traffic are reduced. 1 Introduction The advent of the World Wide Web [4] has modified the traditional view of communication networks and distributed systems. Traditionally, communication applications were based on the familiar clientserver paradigm and were deployed on local area networks. The emergence of information servers on the Internet and the explosion of the ....

T. Berners-Lee et al. World-Wide Web: The information universe. Electronic Networking, 2(1):52--58, 1992.

.... single units have been used e.g. for cooperative authoring system, either by supporting different roles such as in Quilt [Fish et al. 1988] or by supporting annotation and reviewing of documents as in Prep [Chandhok et al. 1992] Today s expanding public information system, e.g. Gopher and WWW [Berners Lee et al. 1992], can also be seen as cooperative shared information spaces. The WWW approach is very beneficial in the production of an organisational knowledge browser. More advanced forms of organisational memory have been developed with directory service toolkits such as X.500 [Robbins Kille 1991] The ....

Berners-Lee et al., World-Wide Web: The Information Universe, ENRAP vol. 1 No. 2, 1992.

....Prospero replaces libraries. Thus, there will always be many applications which will not have access to remote files (those linked with the unmodified C library) Several hypertext applications also allow access to data stored on FTP servers. The most widely used of these is World Wide Web (www) BLCGP92] 6 Summary and Future Work We have shown how the NFS interface can be used to add a user defined file system without modifying any system software. We also have shown how user defined file systems can be used to simplify access to services provided in the internet. Instead of having to learn ....

Tim Berners-Lee, Robert Cailliau, Jean-Francois Groff, and Bernd Pollerman. World-Wide Web: The information universe. Technical report, CERN, Genf, Schweiz, 1992.

....(Guidelines for the Definition of Managed Objects) 13] Both SNMP and CMIP use the ASN.1 language [10] to define the syntax used to transfer the information. Such information is sent in encoded form according to the BER (Basic Encoding Rules) 11] 2.2. The World Wide Web The World Wide Web [4] allows people to work together by combining their knowledge in a web of hypertext documents. It is a medium for communication using computers as a largely invisible part of the infrastructure. The web was pioneered by an English engineer who envisioned a system able to handle various Internet ....

T. Berners-Lee, R. Cailliau, J. Groff and B. Pollermann, World-Wide Web: The Information Universe, Electronic Networking, Vol. 1, No. 2, Spring 1992.

....which they, too, can be easily searched. 2. 2 Heterogeneity of data Given the variety of data resources readily available on the Internet, it is now possible, using a workstation with Internet access, to search several of these resources at once, either in parallel or sequentially [Ardo 92, Berners 92] One of the obvious results of such searching is the heterogeneity in the bibliographic records one is likely to find. Unfortunately, there is no accepted standard for the format of the data and even the ubiquitous MARC records of library catalogs are unreliable. On systems where the user can, ....

T. Berners-Lee, R. Cailliau, J. F. Gro#, and B. Pollermann. World-Wide Web: the information universe. Electronic Networking: Research, Applications and Policy, 2(1):52--8, 1992.

....has shown that there are in excess of 360 million Web sites [Lawrence and Giles, 1998] Even within the domain of current news, the user s task is infeasible. There exist now (as of September 1998) more than 100 sources of live newswire on the Internet, mostly accessible through the World Wide Web [Berners Lee, 1992]. Some of the most popular sites include news agencies and television stations like Reuters News [Reuters, 1998] CNN s Web site [CNN, 1998] and ClariNet s e.News on line newspaper [ClariNet, 1998] as well as on line versions of print media such as the New York Times on the Web [NYT, 1998] For ....

Tim Berners-Lee. World-Wide Web: The information universe. Electronic Networking, 2(1):52-58, 1992.

....the exchanges among these agents, we formalize domain knowledge necessary to bridge their different views. This formalization takes form as an ontology. Ontologies have an ASCII text representation, but are best viewed via a hypertext browser such as NCSA Mosaic [9] over the World Wide Web (WWW) [10]. An abridged example ontology is included in Appendix A. All three agents rely on a basic understanding of mathematical expressions used in engineering analysis. A representation for these expressions (that includes representations for units and dimensions) is included in the EngMath ontologies ....

....the ability to find, create, and assimilate ontologies with relative ease. This requires tools for locating, browsing, authoring, parsing and analyzing ontologies. Much work is needed in this area, but SHADE is producing some preliminary tools that include Ontolingua s [24] World Wide Web (WWW) [10] document generation capabilities [27] Conclusion The hope that a centralized standards effort will lead to integrated tools spanning the needs of engineering collaborators is misplaced. Standards cannot satisfy the information sharing needs of collaborators, because these needs cannot be ....

T.J. Berners-Lee, R. Cailliau, J-F Groff, B. Pollermann, CERN, "World-WideWeb: The Information Universe", published in "Electronic Networking: Research, Applications and Policy", Vol. 2 No 1, pp. 52-58 Spring 1992, Meckler Publishing, Westport, CT, USA.

....[5] We believe that the combination of social filtering with some easily extractible features of documents such as keywords is a powerful information filtering technique for complex information spaces. To verify this claim we are building an information filtering system for the World Wide Web [2] that relies primarily on a combination of social filtering and simple feature extraction to make effective personalized recommendations for documents to users. ....

Berners-Lee, T., Cailliau, R., Groff, J-F., and Pollermann, B., WorldWide Web: The Information Universe, Electronic Networking: Research, Applications and Policy, 1 (2), Meckler, CT, 1992.

....Section 8 describes our conclusions. In Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Cooperative Information Systems, Toronto Press, May 1994. 2 FRIEND as a Cooperative Information System FRIEND has several requirements in common with traditional information systems like WorldWide Web [2] and Gopher [14] FRIEND provides lookup services for information about emergency and standard operating procedures and hazardous materials. There are, however, several kinds of information services which FRIEND provides that distinguish it from these more traditional systems. During an accident, ....

T. Berners-Lee et al., "World-Wide Web: The Information Universe," Electronics Networking: Research, Applications, and Policy, Vol. 2, No. 1, Spring 1992, pp. 30-37.

.... University Singapore 639798 Soo Yin Cheng Information Technology Institute, National Computer Board Singapore 0511 Abstract Over the past several years, a number of wide area information navigation and discovery tools have been introduced, including WAIS[1] Gopher[2] World Wide Web[3], etc. In this paper, we describe a graphical query interface to remote bibliographic databases that can be found on the internet. A library query client, called LibSearch, has been designed and implemented using a set of APIs based on Z39.50 protocol standard[4] Z39.50 is an application layer ....

....the browsing of search results and storing them in files, and (4) simple user customization. 1 Introduction The advances in wide area information sharing and access in recent years have resulted in a variety of public accessible information servers, such as WAIS[1] Gopher[2] and World Wide Web[3]. By storing information on these servers, information owners provide an easily means for anyone to access the information. Most of these popular servers are set up as independent processes and they support the construction of new and general information sources. For example, a WAIS server is set ....

T. Berners-Lee et al. World-Wide Web: The Information Universe. Electronic Networking:Research, Applications and Policy, 1(2):52-58, 1992.

....many situations where a single schema is either not desirable or not possible to achieve. Such situations are generated by : ffl requirements for hypertext links between already available heterogeneous information based on an information network. This is typically illustrated by the WWW project (Berners Lee, Cailliau, Groff, and Pollermann 1992) and its need for better information organization. In the WWW scenario, local servers consist very often of highly typed and structured databases which are not exploited at their real value by the loose connection the WWW provides. ffl requirements for a better organization of a single hypertext ....

Berners-Lee, T., R. Cailliau, J. Groff, and B. Pollermann (1992). World-Wide Web: The information universe. Electronic Networking: Research, Applications and Policy 2 (1), 52--58. Meckler Publishing, CT, USA.

....of software products and systems as it does from bridge builders. Unfortunately, it seems that the negative consequences of this relaxed attitude will soon become all too apparent. Kenneth P. Birman Building Secure and Reliable Network Applications 164 164 9. 1 Related Readings On the Web: [BCLF94, BCLF95, BCGP92, GM95a, GM95b]. There is a large amount of online material concerning the Web, for example in the archives maintained by Netscape Corporation [http: www.netscape.com] Chapter 10: The Major Web Technologies 165 165 10. The Major Web Technologies This chapter briefly reviews the component technologies of the ....

....amount of online material concerning the Web, for example in the archives maintained by Netscape Corporation [http: www.netscape.com] Chapter 10: The Major Web Technologies 165 165 10. The Major Web Technologies This chapter briefly reviews the component technologies of the World Wide Web [BCGP92, BCLF94] (but not on some of the associated technologies, such as email and network bulletin boards, which are considered in Chapter 11) The Web draws on the basic client server and stream protocols that were discussed earlier, hence there is a strong sense in which the issue here is how those ....

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T. Berners-Lee, . Calliau, J-F. Groff and B. Pollermann. World-Wide Web: The Information Universe. Electronic Networking Research, Applications and Policy 2:1 (1992), 5258.

....of awkward commands and the absence of a convenient way to locate scattered information prevented most people from being familiar with the Internet. World Wide Web(Web) was originally designed at CERN(The European Laboratory for Particle Physics) to share and exchange data among researchers [5]. Unlike previous hierarchical menu system, Gopher [4] Web allowed users can move between documents by selecting links provided in a document. With this hypertext, a user can pursue his or her train of thought Chapter 1. Introduction 3 naturally. Documents can contain not only text, but also ....

T. Berners-Lee et al . World-wide web: The information universe. Electronic Networking: Research, Applications, and Policy, 2, April 1992. References 49

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T. Berners-Lee, R. Cailliau, J-F. Groff, B. Pollerman, "World-wide-web: The information universe", Electronic Networking: Research, Application and Policy, 1:2, Westport, Spring, 1992.

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Berners-Lee, T et al: World Wide Web: The Information Universe. (in: Electronic Networking: Research, Applications and Policy, Vol 1 No2 (1992) Meckler, CN, USA) (pdf copy at: http://www.w3.org/History/1992/ENRAP/Article_9202.pdf)

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Berners-Lee, T., Cailiau, R., Groff, J., F., and Pollermann, B., "World-Wide-Web: The Information Universe," Electronic Networking: Research, Applications, and Policy, no 1, Meckler Publishing, Spring 1992, 52-58, Westport, CT.

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