E. Horvitz and J. Lengyel. Perception, attention, and resources: A decision-theoretic approach to graphics rendering. In Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Uncertainty in Artificial Intelligence, 1997.  Home/Search   Document Not in Database   Summary   Related Articles   Check

....for their own computations in making decisions in order to judge the value of further deliberation, provides a formal approach to optimizing such tradeo#s in the face of real time deadlines. Currently, this work is used in applications such as robot navigation under uncertainty [9] and rendering [10]. Anytime algorithms [11] form the basis of a widespread and successful approach to making real time tradeo#s. Anytime algorithms produce improved results with more computation time, but provide some results regardless of how much of the computation has completed. This way, an appropriate amount ....

....time, but provide some results regardless of how much of the computation has completed. This way, an appropriate amount of resources can be directed towards each computation, making the best possible partial computations available for use. For example, the real time rendering application in [10] produced better renderings of an object given more time by simply rendering its constituent pieces one by one. The performance of these algorithms is defined by a scalar measure of the utility of their output (or perhaps using a more abstract notion of quality ) Such a measure is required for ....

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Horvitz, E., Lengyel, J.: Perception, attention, and resources: A decision-theoretic approach to graphics rendering. In: UAI '97. (1997) 238--249

....resources equally across the screen. In order to achieve the focal effect, attentive displays need an add on a device informing the display about the user s current focus of attention. While other related approaches use models of attention based on properties of the displayed scene [5], most of the approaches we survey in this article use an eye tracker for this purpose. While eye tracking has long involved complex technology, recent technological progress in this area, as well as comparably moderate accuracy requirements, allow attentive displays to use relatively simple ....

Horvitz, E. and Lengyel, J. Perception, attention, and resources: A decisiontheoretic approach to graphics rendering. In Proceedings of UAI `97 (San Francisco, CA, 1997). Morgan Kaufmann, San Francisco, CA, 238--249.

....specialized caching schemes to address specific applications. For examples, Quicktime VR [ 4 ] cuts texture panoramas into vertical strips for caching purposes. Many simple metrics, based on viewing distance and viewing angle, have been proposed in terrain visualization applications [ 2 ] 6 ] 10 ] 15 ] A progressive loading approach has been presented in [ 5 ] and applied to terrain visualization; this caching scheme tolerates image degradation to ensure framerate during its progressive loading steps. While these approaches have proven to be fairly effective, either they do not ....

....the visual degradation i that may occur by reducing its resolution. We can formally write this as: i i i q = 4) In our formulation, the maximum benefit is 0 when we are using the gold standard texture pyramid and it decreases when we use lower resolution subpyramids. Following [ 10 ] we model visual saliency as proportional to the pixel coverage of the texture in the current frame. This is a statistical model based on the premise that we are focusing our attention on each part of the image with equal probability. We can simply write i A (5) where A i is the area in ....

E. Horvitz and J. Lengyel. Perception, Attention, and Resources: A Decision-Theoretic Approach to Graphics Rendering. Proceedings of the Thirteenth Conference on Uncertainty in Artificial Intelligence, 1997.

....thus strongly affected by visual attention. In recent years, considerable efforts have been devoted to understanding the mechanism driving visual attention. Contributors to the field include Yarbus [36] Yantis [35] Tsotsos, et al. 28] Koch and Ullman [18] Niebur Koch [25] Horvitz Lengyel [12]. Two general processes significantly influence visual attention, called bottom up and top down processes. The bottom up process is purely stimulus driven. A few examples of such stimuli are: a candle burning in a dark room; a red ball among a large number of blue balls; or sudden motions. In all ....

Horvitz, E. and Lengyel, J. Perception, Attention, and Resources: A Decision-Theoretic Approach to Graphics Rendering. In Proceedings of the Thirteenth Conference on Uncertainty in Artificial Intelligence, pp. 238-249, Providence, RI, August 1997.

....a summary is spoken for urgent messages when the conversation level is lower. The conversation scale is shown inverted for simplicity. V htr Gro oory #### # # Hr htr Q. v . v# 8 o oor. h#v # ### # # to be delivered to the user (Figure 8) This approach is related to recent work [Horvitz and Jed 1997] on using perceptual costs and a focus of attention model for scaleable graphics rendering. 6.2.1 Message Priority. The priority of incoming messages is explicitly determined via content based email filtering using Clues [Marx and Schmandt 1996] a filtering and prioritization system. Clues ....

HORVITZ, E. AND JED L. 1997. Perception, Attention, and Resources: A Decision-Theoretic Approach to Graphics Rendering. In Proceedings of Uncertainty in Artificial Intelligence, 238-249.

....to the device throughout the day, and the user must be notified at an appropriate time. A key issue is that of handling interruptions to the listener in a manner that reduces disruption, while providing timely notifications for relevant messages. This approach is similar to prior work by [9] on using perceptual costs and focus of attention for a probabilistic model of scaleable graphics rendering. Figure 3: Transcription of detected events. Spectrogram (upper left) event boundaries (lower left) labels (upper right) In Nomadic Radio the primary contextual cues used in the ....

Horvitz, Eric and Jed Lengyel. Perception, Attention, and Resources: A Decision-Theoretic Approach to Graphics Rendering. Proceedings of the Thirteenth Conference on Uncertainty in Artificial Intelligence (UAI'97), Providence, RI, Aug. 1-3, 1997, pp. 238249.

....The first on the reduction of computational expenses and the latter on pleasantly looking graphics. Model (simplified) Model (original) Projection (schematic) Projection (shaded) Figure 1: Proxima s merging operator. A position that lies somehow inbetween is presented by Horvitz and Lengyel in [12]. The primary goal in this work is still to reduce complexity to save computational resources. But this is done under consideration of the perceptual costs of the simplified results. A probability distribution of the attentional focus of the viewer helps to decide which parts of the graphics may ....

HORVITZ, E. and J. LENGYEL: Perception, attention, and resources: A decision-theoretic approach to graphics rendering. In Proceedings of the Thirteenth Conference on Uncertainty in Artificial Intelligence (UAI'97), pp. 238 -- 249, Providence, RI, USA, 1997.

....data from motion or location sensors can also be integrated in such a model. A linear and scaleable auditory notification model is utilized, based on the notion of estimating costs of interruption and the value of information to be delivered to the user. This approach is similar to recent work [6] on using perceptual costs and a focus of attention model for scaleable graphics rendering. Message Priority The priority of incoming messages is explicitly determined via content based email filtering using CLUES [9] a filtering and prioritization system. CLUES has been integrated into Nomadic ....

Horvitz, Eric and Jed Lengyel. Perception, Attention, and Resources: A Decision-Theoretic Approach to Graphics Rendering. Proceedings of Uncertainty in Artificial Intelligence, Aug. 1-3, 1997, pp. 238-249.

....the user. Utility theory is concerned with the problem of making informed decisions, taking into account all preferences and factors affecting the decisions, and assessing the utility of all the outcomes of our decisions. Utility theory has been used in such diverse domains as graphics rendering [22], display of information for time critical decision making [21] prioritization of repairs [8] and categorization [23] 3.1 Approach Brown, et al. state that to ascribe user intent, we must identify the salient characteristics of our domain environment and specifically determine goals a user is ....

Eric Horvitz and J. Lengyel. Perception, attention, and resources: A decisiontheoretic approach to graphics rendering. In Proceedings of the Thirteenth Conference on Uncertainty in Artificial Intelligence, August 1997.

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E. Horvitz and J. Lengyel. Perception, Attention, and Resources: A Decision-Theoretic Approach to Graphics Rendering. In Proceedings of the Thirteenth Conference on Uncertainty in Artificial Intelligence, Providence, RI, August 1997. Morgan Kaufmann: San Francisco, pp. 238-249.

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E. Horvitz and J. Lengyel. Perception, Attention, and Resources: A DecisionTheoretic Approach to Graphics Rendering. In Proceedings of the Thirteenth Conference on Uncertainty in Artificial Intelligence, Providence, RI, August 1997. Morgan Kaufmann: San Francisco, pp. 238-249.

....perceptually based image metrics to differentiate between a pair of images, in order to evaluate the accuracy of synthetic renderings of real world scenes. In [Thom98] shadows and other visual cues are tested against subjects ability to discern properties such as object orientation or proximity. [Horv97] measures subjects response to various settings of image quality, to guide an efficient renderer. Mcna00] compares computer generated images with real, physical scenes (viewed directly) to evaluate the perceptual fidelity of the renderings, in a manner similar to [Meye86] None of these ....

Eric Horvitz and Jed Lengyel. Perception, Attention, and Resources: A Decision-Theoretic Approach to Graphics Rendering. In Proc of Thirteenth Conf on Uncertainty in AI, pp. 238249. Providence, 1997.

....specify whether they would like to suppress the downloading of complex graphics to speed the transmission of text associated with documents. A variety of methods that provide partial results for graphical content are already in use, centering on the flexible degradation of the resolution of images [44] employed in wavelet based progressive transmission schemes and other schemes that manipulate generative models used in graphics such as progressive mesh simplification [38] We have explored continual networking policies for guiding the prefetching of documents [41] Given a document ....

E. Horvitz, J. Lengyel, Perception, attention, and resources: A decision-theoretic approach to graphics rendering, in: Proc. 13th Conference on Uncertainty in Artificial Intelligence (UAI-97) Providence, RI, Morgan Kaufmann, San Francisco, CA, 1997, pp. 238--249.

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E. Horvitz and J. Lengyel. Perception, attention, and resources: A decision-theoretic approach to graphics rendering. In Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Uncertainty in Artificial Intelligence, 1997.

No context found.

Eric Horvitz and Jed Lengyel. \Perception, Attention, and Resources: A Decision-Theoretic Approach to Graphics Rendering". Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Uncertainty in Articial Intelligence (UAI-97), pp. 238{ 249, August 1-3 1997.

No context found.

Horvitz, E. and Jed L. 1997. Perception, Attention, and Resources: A Decision-Theoretic Approach to Graphics Rendering. Proceedings of Uncertainty in Artificial Intelligence, 238-249.

No context found.

Horvitz, Eric and Jed Lengyel. Perception, Attention, and Resources: A DecisionTheoretic Approach to Graphics Rendering. Proceedings of the Thirteenth Conference on Uncertainty in Artificial Intelligence (UAI'97), Providence, RI, Aug. 1-3, 1997, pp. 238-249.

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