| Ullman, J.D. Principles of Databases. Rockville, MD: Computer Science Press, 1984. |
....Although the syntax of TLSQL is an extension of standard SQL syntax, the semantics of a TLSQL query are based solely on the temporal relational model outlined in this paper. The temporal semantics contained in a TLSQL query, consequently, cannot be translated into standard relational algebra [10]. We instead modify and extend standard relational algebra to create a version that incorporates temporal operations on timepoints and intervals. We refer to this version as temporal relational algebra. We now describe how temporal projection, selection, and join are a set of algebraic operators ....
Ullman, J.D. Principles of Databases. Rockville, MD: Computer Science Press, 1984.
....we do not refine implementations, but we do refine specifications. In Figure 2 the above formula is depicted in a commuting diagram. Lots of similar techniques have been defined and quite successfully used for structural notations, namely the normalization guidelines in relational database design [15] or re factoring functionality in class diagrams [16] Also a refinement calculus for object structures has been defined in [17] And indeed we can find lots of rather simple rules that allow us to constructively modify a HMA document A 1 into A 2 and that ensure the formula given above. Almost ....
....but it is probably better to give them detailed descriptions of what to handle if documents are iteratively changed. This includes simple rules for adding, removing and adapting elements of the notation, as e.g. in [21] or refinement and transformation calculi for them as given in [11] [15], or [16] Strictly spoken, tool vendors are not interested in what a notation means, but in how its symbols can be modified, and how code can be generated from it. However, tool vendors should not forget that the latter two depend on the first. The intended audience and their particular ....
J. Ullman: Principles of Database and Knowledgebase Systems. Rockville, MD: Computer Science Press. Volume 1. 1988.
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