Ades, A.E. and Steedman, M.J. 1982. `On the order of words.' Linguistics and Philosophy, 4. 517--558.  Home/Search   Document Not in Database   Summary   Related Articles   Check

....A derivation in a CCG can be transformed into a way of drawing links among the words so that they do not cross: a link is drawn between the symbols cancelled by the combination operation. This connection breaks down under more careful scrutiny. In all of the examples of CCGs that we have seen [1, 4, 7, 11], the linkages that result from analyzing English sentences are very different from those coming from our system. For example, Joshi [7] shows a CCG capable of analyzing the sentence: Harry likes peanuts passionately. In our interpretation of that analysis, Harry ends up being linked to ....

Ades, A. E., M. J. Steedman, "On the Order of Words," Linguistics and Philosophy, Volume 4 (1982), pages 517--558.

....and then endow it with the morphological and semantic information from the original lexicon. In x6, we discuss how we can make the system more robust through well known, statistical preprocessing techniques. We end with conclusions and future work. 2 Introduction to CCG CCG was introduced by Ades and Steedman (1982) as a generalization of the Categorial Grammars (CG) of Ajdukiewicz (1935) and Bar Hillel (1953) CCG grammars consist of two main parts: a set of combinatory rules and a lexicon of words and their associated syntactic types and semantic interpretations. Examples of lexical entries are given in ....

Ades, A. E. and Steedman, M. J. (1982). On the order of words. Linguistics and Philosophy, 4, 517--558.

.... in derivation, producing a reducible, non normal form, proof (cf. Prawitz 1965) By way of illustration of conditionalisation, the non canonical constituent John likes can be derived as of type S NP, and assignment of type (NnN) S NP) to an object relative pronoun produces relativisation: cf. Ades and Steedman 1982). 9) the man who Mary likes (NPnS) NP [NP] 1 E NPnS NP nE S I 1 S NP (NnN) S NP) E NnN N nE N NP N E NP The construction for the semantics is in (10) the ( who x( likes x) Mary) man) 10) This specifies the meaning of the composite expression in terms of the meanings of ....

Ades, Anthony E. and Mark J. Steedman: 1982, `On the Order of Words', Linguistics and Philosophy 4, 517--558.

....two extensions of the basic calculus before going on to address the treatment of binding. Some further extensions will be introduced in context later on. The first extension is required in the treatment of extraction. I assume a treatment of extraction (deriving ultimately from proposals by Ades and Steedman, 1982) in which extracted items are given higher order types. For example, a relative pronoun might be (rel (s np) a type which seeks a sentence lacking a noun phrase , in effect abstracting over the missing NP in the extraction domain. Natural deduction proofs of such examples involve an ....

Ades, A.E. and Steedman, M.J. 1982.: `On the order of words.' Linguistics and Philosophy, 4. 517--558.

....derivation) but overlapping constituents are no longer problematic if we drop the assumption of a single structure, and assume instead that sentences may have multiple parallel structures. This approach has been most extensively explored in certain versions of Combinatory Categorial Grammar (CCG: Ades Steedman 1982; Dowty 1988; Steedman 1997, 1998) but it has also been pursued in other traditions such as Dependency Grammar (Pickering Barry 1993) and Transformational Phrase Structure Grammar (Brody 1994; Pesetsky 1995) CCGs in which basic function application rules have been enriched with type raising ....

....6.1.1 Combinatory Categorial Grammar In many versions of Categorial Grammar (CG) rules have been proposed which allow the words of a given sentence to be combined in a number of different ways. I focus here on the Combinatory Categorial Grammar approach developed by Steedman and others (e.g. Ades Steedman 1982; Hepple 1990; Jacobson 1990; Steedman 1993, 1997, 1998; Wood 1993) A sentence may be derived by means of function application alone, using only the rules of Forward Application ( and Backward Application ( as in the derivation of the sentence Leo saw Elliot in (132) In the examples below ....

Ades, Anthony & Mark Steedman. 1982. On the order of words. Linguistics & Philosophy, 4, 517--558.

....family of tagged sentence constructions when viewed within a non derivational, constructional, multiple inheritance based approach. 0. INTRODUCTION. In recent years it has been argued from several points of view that whatever can be done with empty categories (ecs) can be done without them (Ades and Steedman 1982, Gazdar et al. 1984, Kaplan and Zaenen 1989, Pollard and Sag 1994 chapter 9, Sag and Fodor 1994, Kay and Fillmore 1999, Sag 1999) It has also been argued that, because there is no hard evidence for their existence, linguistic theory would be better off dispensing with these unobservable entities ....

Ades, A. and Mark Steedman. 1982. On the order of words. Linguistics and Philosophy 4.517-58.

.... hates ( np s) np) np (np s) E s E (s np) I ( s np) s np) E (s np) E Gottlob np s E Other types of argumentation for flexible constituency have been based on processing considerations (an associative regime can produce an incremental left to right analysis of a sentence cf. Ades Steedman 82] or intonational structure (distinct prosodic phrasing realizing alternative information packaging for the same truth conditional content, cf. Steedman 91] Unfortunately, the strength of L is at the same time its weakness. Associative resource management globally destroys discrimination ....

Ades, A. & M. Steedman (1982), `On the order of words'. Linguistics & Philosophy 4, 517--558.

....without reference to movement, traces or trace deletion . The issue is significant because, despite the essential role of movement and traces in orthodox transformational grammar (Chomsky 1981, 1986, 1995) there exists substantial evidence that movement and traces are linguistically unnecessary (Ades and Steedman 1982, Gazdar et al. 1984, Kaplan and Zaenen 1989, Pollard and Sag 1994 chapter 9, Sag and Fodor 1994, Kay and Fillmore 1999, Sag 1999) and psycholinguistically unjustified (Pickering and Barry 1991, Sag and Fodor 1994) The pattern of G s comprehension data can be economically formulated without ....

Ades, A. and M. Steedman (1982) On the order of words. Linguistics and Philosophy, 4, 517-558.

....tractable search as noted above. These considerations explain in part the recent growing interest in lexicalized grammatical frameworks such as dependency grammar (Mel cuk, 1988; Hudson, 1990; Sleator Temperley, 1991) slot grammar (McCord, 1980; McCord, 1989) categorial grammar (Lambek, 1958; Ades Steedman, 1982; Moortgat, 1988) Head Driven Phrase Structure Grammar (HPSG) Pollard Sag, 1987) and lexicalized tree adjoining grammar (Schabes, 1990) all of which lead to configurations made up of lexical items and direct relationships between them. Computational Requirements: The best formal explanation ....

....of tractable grammatical formalisms capable of encoding important aspects of linguistic theory. The class of mildly context sensitive formalisms (Joshi, Vijay Shanker, et al. 1991) of which tree adjoining grammars (Joshi, Levy, et al. 1975; Joshi, 1985) and combinatory categorial grammar (Ades Steedman, 1982) are two notable instances, has polynomial time and space parsing algorithms, and can encode important aspects of 3.6 Sentence Modeling and Parsing 137 transformational and categorial linguistic analysis. Constraint based grammar formalisms can be intractable or even undecidable in general ....

Ades, A. E. and Steedman, M. J. (1982). On the order of words. Linguistics and Philosophy, 4(4):517--558.

.... np hates ( npns) np) np (npns) E s nE (s=np) I ( s=np)n(s=np) E (s=np) nE Gottlob np s E Other types of argumentation for flexible constituency have been based on processing considerations (an associative regime can produce an incremental left to right analysis of a sentence cf. Ades Steedman 82] or intonational structure (distinct prosodic phrasing realizing alternative information packaging for the same truth conditional content, cf. Steedman 91] Unfortunately, the strength of L is at the same time its weakness. Associative resource management globally destroys discrimination for ....

Ades, A. & M. Steedman (1982), `On the order of words'. Linguistics & Philosophy 4, 517--558.

.... roots in logic (Lambek, 1958; Curry and Feys, 1958; Benthem, 1989) and has been used in linguistics for the analysis of quantifier phrases (Lewis, 1970; Geach, 1972) conjoined verbs (Partee and Rooth, 1983) non constituent coordination (Steedman, 1985; Dowty, 1988) and unbounded dependencies (Ades and Steedman, 1982). Dowty (1988, p.160) following Partee and Rooth (1983) conjectures that type shifting can shed some light on how children acquire names, quantified NPs, and intensional verbs in stages. 2) TYPE SHIFTING : X ) T= TnX) or Tn(T=X) a f:fa or, in combinatory system, 2 Ta Type shifting schema ....

....the article, I use the term object to mean surface grammatical object. revdraft.tex; 16 09 1997; 13:43; no v. p. 4 Grammatical Functions and Word Order 5 system of basic categories fS, Ng instead of fS, NP, Ng, which is, considering the CG literature (Montague, 1973; Morrill, 1994; Ades and Steedman, 1982; Lambek, 1958; Keenan and Faltz, 1985) not discriminating enough for syntactic analysis. The third alternative implies that type shifting may also operate on syntax under certain circumstances, which is the view adopted here. 2. Combinatory Grammar Early ideas about how combinators can be used ....

Ades, A. E. and M. Steedman: 1982, `On the Order of Words'. Linguistics and Philosophy 4, 517--558.

....which amounts to allowing lexical encoding of partial proof structure. 5 This general approach to extraction, depending on the flexible deduction characteristic of many categorial systems, has been widely used within categorial work, and adapts ultimately from the proposals of Ades Steedman [1]. 9) who Rel n (s c np) who 0 v np : v saw (np n s) n np : saw 0 kim np : kim 0 (saw ffi n kim) np n s : saw 0 kim 0 ) v ffi n (saw ffi n kim) s : saw 0 kim 0 v) n=c] v ffi c (saw ffi n kim) s : saw 0 kim 0 v) p] saw ffi n kim) ffi c ....

Ades, A.E. and Steedman, M.J. 1982. `On the order of words.' Linguistics and Philosophy, 4. 517--558.

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A.E. Ades and M. Steedman. 1982. On the order of words. Linguistics and Philosophy, 4:517--558.

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Ades, A.E. and Steedman, M.J. 1982. `On the order of words.' Linguistics and Philosophy, 4. 517--558.

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Ades, A.E., and Steedman, M. "On the order of words", Linguistics and Philosophy, 4, 1982, 517--558.

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Anthony E. Ades and Mark J. Steedman, "On the order of words," Linguistics and Philosophy, vol. 4, pp. 517-558, 1982.

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Ades, A.E. and M.J. Steedman, `On the Order of Words', Linguistics and Philosophy 4:4, 1983, p. 517-558

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Ades, A.E. and M.J. Steedman, `On the Order of Words', Linguistics and Philosophy 4:4, 1983, p. 517-558

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Anthony Ades and Mark J. Steedman. 1982. On the Order of Words. Linguistics and Philosophy, 4:517-- 558.

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Anthony Ades and Mark J. Steedman. 1982. On the Order of Words. Linguistics and Philosophy, 4.

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Anthony Ades and Mark J. Steedman. 1982. On the order of words. Linguistics and Philosophy, 4:517--558.

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A.E. Ades and M. Steedman. 1982. On the order of words. Linguistics and Philosophy, 4:517--558.

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Ades, Anthony E. and Mark J. Steedman: 1982, `On the Order of Words', Linguistics and Philosophy 4, 517--558.

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Ades, A.E. and M.J. Steedman 1982 On the order of words. Linguistics and Philosophy 4:517--558.

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Anthony Ades and Mark J. Steedman. 1982. On the Order of Words. Linguistics and Philosophy, 4.

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