N. Guarino. The role of identity conditions in ontology design. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 1661:221--227, 1999.  Home/Search   Document Details and Download   Summary   Related Articles   Check

....object whereas the latter involves a mental object [3] From the perspective of formal ontology, Guarino gives several examples of isa overloading. For example, a physical object is an amount of matter reflects a reduction of sense, since a physical object is more than just an amount of matter [10]. Guarino Welty focus on metaproperties that help formalize constraints on the taxonomic relation. For example, group of people carries the meta property ME, which means that such entities have as a necessary identity condition that the parts of their instances must be the same. According to ....

Guarino, N. The role of identity conditions in ontology design. Spatial Information Theory, 1661. 221-234.

....language for conceptual representation and reasoning. As an example is shown how this language facilitates disambiguation by means of an ontology. 1 Introduction Taxonomies are considered to be the backbone of ontologies, and the structures of taxonomies are often quite complicated (see e.g. [7]) However, little attention has been paid to the design of formal languages tailored for specification of taxonomies. Here, we describe an algebraic language founded on mathematical lattices which is suitable for specifying taxonomies, and give it a model theoretic semantics. Mathematical ....

....we could also have that elephant mammal, leaving it under specified whether mammal animal or vice versa. each other, i.e. that there is a relation between concepts (which we denote ) and that this relation is a partial order. We don t say that such requirements shouldn t be stated (see e.g. [1, 7]) however, it is outside the scope of this paper where we focus on the mathematical properties of taxonomies. Actually, we are now able to specify taxonomies, simply by use of the subsumption relation. However, we prefer to introduce two operations on concepts, making the language far more ....

Nicola Guarino. The Role of Identity Conditions in Ontology Design. In Proceedings of IJCAI-99 workshop on Ontologies and Problem-Solving Methods. Stockholm, Sweden, August 2, 1999.

....is the recognition of multiple entities, based on incompatible identity or unity criteria, where usually only one entity is conceived. The classical example is the statue and the clay it is made of, which count as different objects in our analysis. This view results in a stratified ontology [10], where entities belong to different levels, depending on their unity and identity assumptions: ME. Properties carrying a mereologically extensional IC. Certain properties, as discussed in Section 3.5, concerning masses or plural entities have as a necessary identity condition that the parts or ....

....spariotemporal co localization, and constitution. 4.4. Fourth layer. Top level ontology The highest layer of our methodology is a top level ontology designed using the notions and techniques of the layers below. First steps towards this layer of the methodology have been discussed in [10]. 4.5. Question answer system Finally, we have captured the notions and techniques from these four layers in a knowledgebased system that guides conceptual modelers through the analysis process. This approach is similar to that of [29] and is described more fully in Section 5. The system ....

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N. Guarino, The role of identity conditions in ontology design, in: Proceedings of the IJCAI-99 Workshop on Ontologies and Problem-Solving Methods: Lessons Learned and Future Trends. Stockholm, Sweden, IJCAI, Inc, 1999b.

....analysis is the recognition of multiple entities, based on incompatible identity or unity criteria, where usually only one entity is conceived. The classical example is the statue and the clay it is made of, which count as different objects in our analysis. This view results in a stratied ontology [13], where entities belong to different levels, depending on their unity and identity assumptions: ME. Properties carrying a mereologically extensional IC. Certain properties, as discussed in Section 3.5, concerning masses or plural entities have as a necessary identity condition that the parts or ....

....dependence, spatio temporal colocalization, and constitution. 4.4 Fourth Layer: Top Level Ontology The highest layer of our methodology is a top level ontology designed using the notions and techniques of the layers below. First steps towards this layer of the methodology have been discussed in [13]. 4.5 Question answer system Finally, we have captured the notions and techniques from these four layers in a knowledge based system that guides conceptual modelers through the analysis process. This approach is similar to that of [34] and is described more fully in Section 5. The system ....

[Article contains additional citation context not shown here]

Guarino, N. 1999b. The Role of Identity Conditions in Ontology Design. In Proceedings of the IJCAI-99 workshop on Ontologies and Problem-Solving Methods: Lessons Learned and Future Trends. Stockholm, Sweden, IJCAI, Inc.

....is that, while they are expected to bring order and structure to information, their taxonomic structure is often poor and confusing. This is typically exemplied by the unrestrained use of subsumption to accomplish a variety of reasoning and representation tasks. For example, in previous work (Guarino, 1999) several unclear uses of the is a relation in existing ontologies were identied, such as: 1. a physical object is an amount of matter (Pangloss) 2. an amount of matter is a physical object (WordNet) This striking dissimilarity poses a difcult integration problem, since the standard approach ....

....which is externally dependent on some other property will be marked with the metaproperty D. Constraints and Assumptions Let us now discuss the constraints that follow from our denitions. We distinguish between four kinds of constraints, which are largely overlooked in many practical cases (Guarino, 1999). Concrete examples will be discussed at the end of this paper. In the following, we take f and y to be arbitrary properties. Rigidity constraints f R can t subsumey R (9) This constraint follows immediately from the denitions reported in Table 2. As we shall see, this means that, if ....

[Article contains additional citation context not shown here]

Guarino, N. 1999. The Role of Identity Conditions in Ontology Design. In Proceedings of IJCAI-99 workshop on Ontologies and Problem-Solving Methods: Lessons Learned and Future Trends. Stockholm, Sweden, IJCAI, Inc.: 2-1 2-7.

....is that, while they are expected to bring order and structure to information, their taxonomic structure is often poor and confusing. This is typically exemplified by the unrestrained use of subsumption to accomplish a variety of reasoning and representation tasks. For example, in previous work [5] several unclear uses of the is a relation in existing ontologies were identified, such as: 1. a physical object is an amount of matter (Pangloss) 2. an amount of matter is a physical object (WordNet) This striking dissimilarity poses a difficult integration problem, since the standard approach ....

.... things which necessarily exist (such as the universe) and cases where y is subsumed by f (since this would make f dependent on itself) 4 Constraints and Assumptions Let us now discuss the constraints that follow from our definitions, which are largely overlooked in many practical cases [5]. In the following, we take f and y to be arbitrary properties. f R can t subsume y R (8) This constraint follows immediately from Definitions 1 3. As we shall see, this means that if PERSON R and AGENT R , the latter cannot subsume the former. f I can t subsume y I (9) ....

Guarino, N. 1999. The Role of Identity Conditions in Ontology Design. In Proceedings of IJCAI-99 workshop on Ontologies and Problem-Solving Methods: Lessons Learned and Future Trends. Stockholm, Sweden, IJCAI, Inc.: 2-1 2-7.

....is that, while they are expected to bring order and structure to information, their taxonomic structure is often poor and confusing. This is typically exemplified by the unrestrained use of subsumption to accomplish a variety of reasoning and representation tasks. For example, in previous work (Guarino, 1999) several unclear uses of the is a relation in existing ontologies were identified, such as: 1. a physical object is an amount of matter (Pangloss) 2. an amount of matter is a physical object (WordNet) This striking dissimilarity poses a difficult integration problem, since the standard approach ....

....which is externally dependent on some other property will be marked with the metaproperty D. Constraints and Assumptions Let us now discuss the constraints that follow from our definitions. We distinguish between four kinds of constraints, which are largely overlooked in many practical cases (Guarino, 1999), Guarino Welty, 2000) Concrete examples will be discussed at the end of this paper. In the following, we take f and y to be arbitrary properties. Rigidity constraints f R can t subsume y R (8) This constraint follows immediately from the definitions reported in Table 2. As we shall ....

[Article contains additional citation context not shown here]

Guarino, N. 1999. The Role of Identity Conditions in Ontology Design. In Proceedings of IJCAI-99 workshop on Ontologies and Problem-Solving Methods: Lessons Learned and Future Trends. Stockholm, Sweden, IJCAI, Inc.: 2-1 2-7.

....with incompatible ICs UCs are disjoint. 11) Constraints (6 10) follow directly from our meta property definitions (see [15] for more discussion and examples) and (11) should be obvious from the above discussion of identity and unity, but it is largely overlooked in many practical cases [13,15]. Concrete examples will be discussed at the end of this paper. Finally, we make the following assumptions regarding identity (adapted from [20] Sortal Individuation. Every domain element must instantiate some property carrying an IC ( I) In this way we satisfy Quine s dicto No entity ....

....result of our analysis is the recognition of multiple entities, based on different identity or unity criteria, where usually only one entity is conceived. The classical example is the statue and the clay it is made of, which count as different objects in our analysis. As discussed further in [13], this view results in a stratified ontology, where entities belong to different levels, depending on their identity and unity assumptions: we may distinguish for instance the physical level, the functional level, the intentional level, the social level. Entities at the higher levels are ....

[Article contains additional citation context not shown here]

Guarino, N. 1999. The Role of Identity Conditions in Ontology Design. In Proceedings of IJCAI-99 workshop on Ontologies and Problem-Solving Methods: Lessons Learned and Future Trends. Stockholm, Sweden, IJCAI, Inc.

....in Benjamins, R. Gomez Perez, A. Guarino, N. and Uschold, M. eds, Proceedings of the ECAI 2000 Workshop on Applications of Ontologies and Problem Solving Methods. August, 2000. A Formal Ontology of Properties (Preliminary Version) Nicola Guarino and Christopher Welty LADSEB CNR Padova, Italy guarino,welty ladseb.pd.cnr.it ....

....is that, while they are expected to bring order and structure to information, their taxonomic structure is often poor and confusing. This is typically exemplified by the unrestrained use of subsumption to accomplish a variety of reasoning and representation tasks. For example, in previous work (Guarino, 1999) several unclear uses of the is a relation in existing ontologies were identified, such as: 1. a physical object is an amount of matter (Pangloss) 2. an amount of matter is a physical object (WordNet) This striking dissimilarity poses a difficult integration problem, since the standard approach ....

[Article contains additional citation context not shown here]

Guarino, N. 1999. The Role of Identity Conditions in Ontology Design. In Proceedings of IJCAI-99 workshop on Ontologies and Problem-Solving Methods: Lessons Learned and Future Trends. Stockholm, Sweden, IJCAI, Inc.: 2-1 2-7.

No context found.

N. Guarino. The role of identity conditions in ontology design. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 1661:221--227, 1999.

No context found.

N. Guarino. The role of identity conditions in ontology design. In Proceedings of the IJCAI-99 Workshop on Ontology and Problem Solving Methods (KRRS), Stockholm, Sweden, 1999.

No context found.

Nicola Guarino and Christopher Welty. The role of identity conditions in ontology design. In C. Freksa and D. M. Frank, editors, Spatial Information Theory: Cognitive and Computational Foundations of Geographic Information Science. Springer Verlag, 1999. Amended version at http://www.ladseb.pd.cnr.it/infor/Ontology/Papers/IJCAI99.pdf.

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