A. A. Lazar, "Programming Telecommunications Networks", IEEE Network, Oct. 1997.  Home/Search   Document Details and Download   Summary   Related Articles   Check

....C interface operations are the establishment and release of a channel. As for the M interface, methods for loading an engine and configuring it are available. The interfaces of the collection of CPFs exposing states to binding controllers form a repository called the binding interface base (BIB) [2]. The BIB consists of QoS based application programming interfaces (APIs) used by the binding controllers and management system to control and manage the engines. The front end interfaces are open, thus allowing for end system transport and computing resources to be remotely controlled. The ....

....controllers that an application developer would normally use to build a multimedia application. Examples of such controllers are network connection control, transport monitoring, QoS parameters translation, and protocol stack building. Collectively, the BCs provide broadband kernel services [2]. A representative BC is illustrated in Fig. 4. A BC is composed of an algorithmic component and a data component [1] The algorithmic component expresses the execution logic of the service instance, while the data portion is an abstraction of its state. Controllers have four interfaces that ....

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A. A. Lazar, "Programming Telecommunication Networks," IEEE Network, Sept./Oct. 1997, pp. 8--18.

....is partitioned in order to ensure isolation between VPNs. However the concept of general resource partitioning to guarantee QoS to individual VPNs is not addressed. Open signalling and control has become a widelyaccepted mechanism for provision of VPNs in multiservice networks. The XBind project [11] produced a system similar to the Tempest in many ways, but with emphasis on providing abstractions to the service provider and user, rather than partitioning the resources at a low level, and giving the provider and user complete freedom within their partition. QoS for the Internet is being ....

Aurel A. Lazar, "Programming telecommunication networks," IEEE Network Magazine, pp. 8--18, September/October 1997.

....context, where control and management operations are separate from the data path. It was felt that the traditional closed model for service provision, in which the equipment vendor has complete control over all hardware and software in the network, has a number of serious aws [Lazar97] it hinders the rapid deployment of new and novel services; it assumes that endpoints (Customer Premises Equipment) are dumb this is no longer generally the case for data networks, yet the processing capabilities of endpoints are not capitalised upon; it impedes portability and ....

Aurel A. Lazar. Programming Telecommunication Networks. IEEE Network Magazine, pages 8-18, September/October 1997. (p 21)

.... to the network rather than switches or routers but could also be used to set up specific routing tunnels [4] Management Interface network components provide a management interface which facilitates a limited form of programming of components by invoking operations to change their behaviour [5]. This is really provided for the use of network managers but some operations may be made available to managers of valueadded, third party service providers or even user applications. For example, there could be service creation and service operation interfaces to support various virtual network, ....

Lazar, A.: Programming Telecommunication Networks. IEEE Network, Sep/Oct 1997, 8-18

....We briefly describe its current implementation as well as future work to address issues such as fault tolerance. I. INTRODUCTION It is increasingly being recognized that the current Public Switched Telephone Network (PSTN) infrastructure has an architecture that is outmoded in several respects [1]. In this paper we present the architecture, design and prototype implementation of ChaiTime, a system for the rapid development of advanced next generation telephony services that overcomes some of the limitations of the current PSTN architecture and service model. In particular, ChaiTime allows ....

A. Lazar, " Programming telecommunication networks," IEEE Network, 11, 5, 8-18, Sep./Oct. 1997.

....methodologies and software technologies for mobile networks. Software engineering has progressed to the point where systems and standards can be used for implementing platformindependent, component based, distributed software. Such advances have enabled the development of programmable [18] and active [28] network toolkits for the deployment of new services. Programmable networks [18] separate the communications hardware from the control software, allowing the modeling of hardware resources using open programmable interfaces. In this manner third party software providers can enter ....

....progressed to the point where systems and standards can be used for implementing platformindependent, component based, distributed software. Such advances have enabled the development of programmable [18] and active [28] network toolkits for the deployment of new services. Programmable networks [18] separate the communications hardware from the control software, allowing the modeling of hardware resources using open programmable interfaces. In this manner third party software providers can enter the market for telecommunications software. Work on software radios [3,21] has shown that ....

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A.A. Lazar, Programming telecommunications networks, IEEE Network (October 1997).

....developers to create routing architectures in a modular fashion, and Internet Service Providers (ISPs) to introduce new routing services into their networks more dynamically. Such a separation could provide a foundation for the programmability of routing protocols for the Internet. Programmable [7 9] and active [10 13] networks represent an emerging area of research. In [7 9] programmable network testbeds and toolkits are described that model the telecommunications hardware using a set of open programmable interfaces. Here there is an emphasis on service creation with quality of service ....

....Service Providers (ISPs) to introduce new routing services into their networks more dynamically. Such a separation could provide a foundation for the programmability of routing protocols for the Internet. Programmable [7 9] and active [10 13] networks represent an emerging area of research. In [7 9] programmable network testbeds and toolkits are described that model the telecommunications hardware using a set of open programmable interfaces. Here there is an emphasis on service creation with quality of service (QOS) and a clear distinction between information transport, network control and ....

Lazar, A.A., "Programming Telecommunication Networks", IEEE Network, vol.11, no.5, September/October 1997.

....Network Management, Seattle, Washington, USA, May 14 18, 2001. Provisioning VN s is an important objective for the telecommunications and computing industries. A competitive differentiator between Network Service Providers (SP) will be the ability to provision virtual network services efficiently [1]. These services may have different duration, connectivity, and Quality of Service (QoS) requirements. An SP meets such requirements by exploiting various routing and management mechanisms for edge and core networks. In [8] we built an analytical performance model for the whole process of ....

A. Lazar, "Programming telecommunication networks," IEEE Network, Vol. 11, No 5, September 1997.

....the network life cycle providing a systematic approach to the design, deployment, and management of distinct internetworking architectures. Spawning networks provide a foundation for composing and deploying virtual network architectures through the availability of open programmable interfaces [15], resource partitioning [9] and the virtualization of the networking infrastructure found in today s programmable networks [3] 5 3. Genesis Kernel Framework The Genesis virtual network kernel represents a next generation approach to the development of programmable networks building on our ....

....and management. 5.2 Binding Interface Base Metabuses support a hierarchy of distributed objects that realize a number of virtual network specific communication algorithms including routing, signaling, QOS control and management. At the lowest level of this hierarchy the binding interface base [15] objects provide a set of handlers to the routelet controllers and resources allowing for the programmability of a range of internetworking architectures using programming environment. The interfaces that constitute the binding interface base are illustrated in Figure 5. A VirtualRouteletState ....

Lazar, A.A., "Programming Telecommunication Networks", IEEE Network, vol.11, no.5, September/October 1997. 26

....implementation of network services and the efficiency of underlying resource control paradigm. I. INTRODUCTION Programmable Networks promote open control architectures and standard interfaces for flexible service provision to enable novel service architectures by Internet Service Vendors (ISV) [1]. Active Networks allow dynamic customization and reconfiguration of a network by means of secure code injection in it [2] Accordingly, service modules can be encapsulated in the form of code or a composition of code fragments, and dynamically installed or updated, thereby increasing the ....

A. Lazar, "Programming telecommunication networks," IEEE Network, Sept./Oct. p. 818, 1997.

....utilizing CORBA based middleware have been built, allowing experimentation on various aspects of network programmability. Furthermore, new companies (e.g. Xbind Inc. C Plane Inc. are being established to take advantage of the opening of the market for telecommunications software. The xbind [7] and mobiware [1] toolkits built at Columbia University have been the first middleware environments to investigate service creation and programmable QOS in broadband and mobile networks respectively. Such middleware environments are often called broadband kernels, because they act as resource ....

A. A. Lazar, "Programming Telecommunication Networks", IEEE Network Magazine, October 1997.

....programming environments, which explicitly recognize service creation, deployment and management in the network infrastructure. For example programmable networks could be based on active network execution environments [42] operating on node operating systems [40] or open signaling network kernels [30] supporting the coexistence of multiple control architectures [33] Both of these proposals squarely address the same problem: how to open the network up and accelerate its programmability in a controlled and secure manner for the deployment of new architectures, services and protocols. The ....

.... abstractions, which indicate the level of virtualization and programmability of networking infrastructure requiring different middleware and potentially network node support (e.g. switch router, base station) For example, programmable communications abstractions include virtual switches [30], switchlets [33] active nodes [40] universal mobile channels [32] and virtual active networks [21] and . architectural domain, which indicates the targeted architectural or application domain (e.g. signaling, management, transport) This potentially dictates certain design choices and ....

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Lazar, A.A.,"Programming Telecommunication Networks", IEEE Network, vol.11, no.5, September/October 1997.

....believe that there is a need to take a hands on systems approach coupled with the analysis of well founded adaptive quality of service models to investigate the viability of the approach and utility of adaptive mobile networking to mobile users. To address these challenges, we have built an open [11] and active [27] programmable mobile network [7] 1] that is controlled by a software middleware toolkit called mobiware [21] By open, we mean that there is a need to open up hardware devices (e.g. mobile devices, access points and mobile capable switches and routers) for implementation of new ....

A. A. Lazar, "Programming Telecommunication Networks", IEEE Network Magazine, October 1997.

....systems. We believe that there is a need to take a hands on systems approach coupled with the analysis of well founded adaptive QoS models to investigate the viability of the approach and utility of adaptive mobile networking to mobile users. To address these challenges, we have built an open [9] and active [10] programmable mobile network [11, 12] that is controlled by a software middleware toolkit called mobiware [13] Mobiware extends earlier work by the COMET Group on programmable broadband networks [14] to the mobile and wireless domain. By open, we mean that there is a need to open ....

....(e.g. the delivery of scalable flows or packet services with drop preferences) Medium access controllers must be capable of sharing the wireless link capacity among mobile devices supporting adaptive QoS assurances when possible. Mobiware is based on a methodology of open programmability [9] for the introduction, control, and management of new adaptive mobile services. It provides a set of open programmable CORBA interfaces and objects that abstract and represent network devices and resources, providing a toolkit for programmable signaling, adaptation management, and wireless ....

A. A. Lazar, "Programming Telecommunication Networks," IEEE Network, Oct. 1997.

....has progressed to the point where systems and standards can be used for implementing Design, Implementation and Evaluation of Programmable Handoff in Mobile Networks platform independent, component based, distributed software. Such advances have enabled the development of programmable [4] and active [5] network toolkits for the deployment of new services. Programmable networks [4] separate the communications hardware from the control software, allowing the modeling of hardware resources using open programmable interfaces. In this manner third party software providers can enter the ....

....Design, Implementation and Evaluation of Programmable Handoff in Mobile Networks platform independent, component based, distributed software. Such advances have enabled the development of programmable [4] and active [5] network toolkits for the deployment of new services. Programmable networks [4] separate the communications hardware from the control software, allowing the modeling of hardware resources using open programmable interfaces. In this manner third party software providers can enter the market for telecommunications software. Work on software radios [6, 7] has shown that ....

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A. A. Lazar, "Programming Telecommunications Networks", IEEE Network, October 1997.

....loss of service in mobile ad hoc networks. As a result, mobile applications can experience unwarranted delays, packet losses or loss of service. We describe the quality index maintained during mobility as mobile QOS as illustrated in Figure 3. To address these challenges, we have built an open [Lazar,97] and active [Tennenhouse,97] programmable mobile network [Campbell,96] that is controlled by a software middleware platform called 2 mobiware [Mobiware,98] By open, we mean that there is a need to open up hardware devices (e.g. mobile devices, access points and mobile capable switches and ....

A. A. Lazar, "Programming Telecommunication Networks", IEEE Network, October 1997. 18

....through an exported router application programming interface (API) Moreover, programs can be added and evolved to manage previously unanticipated needs. To achieve interoperability and universal deployment of value added services, various efforts have focused on router API standardizations [4, 7, 12]. Software programmable routers pose new challenges in the design of router operating systems (OS) First, router programs will require access to diverse system resources, such as forwarding network bandwidth, router CPU cycles, statestore capacity, and capacity for secondary data stores (useful ....

....we also investigate router issues like function dispatch and resource binding in response to active packet arrivals. Finally, our architecture aims to support virtual machines that export router APIs to traversing network flows. Related efforts for API standardizations are found in xBind [12] and the IEEE P1520 standards initiative [7] 1.2 Paper organization The balance of this paper is organized as follows. Section 2 overviews the CROSS OS architecture. It discusses the process of router program dispatch, and introduces Resource Allocation as a generic resource management object ....

A. Lazar. Programming telecommunication networks. IEEE Network, Sept/Oct 1997.

....is: how can each of these levels benefit from dynamically loadable code and what are the issues This paper argues that it is useful to provide such dynamic customisability in all of these levels. 2. 2 Lack of flexibility Open control such as described above (and in projects such as xbind [10]) allows for a speedup in the development and introduction of new services compared to traditional control of communication systems. However, so far the functionality of each of the levels in the model is still fixed (specific problems resulting from this rigidness will be discussed throughout the ....

....run off switch (also on UltraSparcs) As shown in Table I, a setup across a single FORE ASX 200 switch using Sandman took as little as 7:5 ms 5 . A teardown took on average 2:6 ms. This compares favourably with both ATMF UNI signalling as reported in [23] and xbind open control as reported in [10] (see Section 10) This should be taken as a rough comparison only, as the configuration and load of the switches in the various scenarios were almost certainly different (which has significant effect on the performance) Replacing Sandman with a Noman control architecture adds approximately 1 ms ....

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A. Lazar, "Programming telecommunication networks," IEEE Network, vol. 11, pp. 8--18, Oct. 1997.

.... kernel represents a next generation approach to the development of programmable networks building on our earlier work on open programmable 1 Daniel Villela is a CNPq Brazil Scholar 2 John Vicente is a Visiting Researcher at Columbia University Managing Spawned Virtual Networks broadband [15][16] 7] and mobile networks [25] The Genesis Kernel has the capability to spawn child network architectures that can support alternative architectures in comparison to their parent network architectures. We call a virtual network installed on top of a set of network resources a parent network. ....

Lazar,A.A., "Programming Telecommunication Networks", IEEE Network, vol.11, no.5, September/October 1997.

.... be used to set up specific routing tunnels within a network (de Meer, 1998) Management Interface network components provide an interface for performing management operations which facilitates a limited form of programming of components to change their behaviour by invoking these operations (Lazar, 1997). This is really provided for the use of managers of the network service but some operations may be made available to managers of value added, third party service providers or even user applications. For example there could be service creation and service operation interfaces to support various ....

Lazar, A. (1997) Programming Telecommunication Networks, IEEE Network, Sep./Oct. 1997, pp 818. Lupu, E. and M. Sloman (1997a) Towards a Role-based Framework for Distributed Systems Management. Journal of Network and Systems Management, 5(1):5-30, March 1997, Plenum Press.

....(e.g. the best effort IP architecture, MPLS, etc. We believe that the design, creation and deployment process for realizing new architectures must be automated and built on the foundations for programmable networks. The recent emergence of open programmable networks [17] 7] 1] 15] [11] is enabling new approaches to the problem of service creation and support for multiple control architectures [14] 19] This is resulting in better network customization, resource control and service delivery speed along with the flexible treatment of network traffic. In [12] we describe the ....

Lazar,A.A., "Programming Telecommunication Networks", IEEE Network, vol.11, no.5, September/October 1997.

....the network life cycle, providing a systematic approach to the design, deployment, and management of distinct internetworking architectures. Spawning networks provide a foundation for composing and deploying virtual network architectures through the availability of open programmable interfaces [15], resource partitioning [9] and the virtualization of the networking infrastructure found in today s programmable networks [3] The Genesis Kernel Framework The Genesis virtual network kernel [29] represents a next generation approach to the development of programmable networks, building on our ....

....and management. The Binding Interface Base Metabuses support a hierarchy of distributed objects that realize a number of virtual network specific communication algorithms, including routing, signaling, QoS control, and management. At the lowest level of this hierarchy, binding interface base [15] objects provide a set of handlers to the routelet controllers and resources, allowing for the programmability of a range of internetworking architectures using a programming environment. The interfaces that constitute the binding interface base are illustrated in Fig. 5. A VirtualRouteletState ....

A. A. Lazar, "Programming Telecommunication Networks," IEEE Network, vol. 11, no. 5, Sept./Oct. 1997.

....interfaces to network devices currently prevent a rapid development of telecommunication applications (see [17] Control and management of scalable multi service networks is difficult since the switching software is usually tightly coupled with the individual switching devices. TINA [5] xbind [9] and DCAN [12, 17] focus on providing more coherent and flexible access to multi service networks. However, control and management of switching devices based on mobile software agents has not been investigated so far. 4 The Architecture INCA can be described as a mobile agent platform customized ....

LAZAR, A. A. Programming telecommunication networks. IEEE Network (1997), 8--18.

....QoS agent on each router of the underlying network and on every end system participating in an application. From a techni 3 cal point of view, this is no problem, if routing is for example done by all purpose UNIX machines. But even dedicated routers and switches are becoming programmable now [12], allowing the execution of additional programs such as the QoS agents proposed here. These QoS agents are able to communicate with their neighboring agents, informing them about current QoS values supported in their local area or about possible QoS problems. This knowledge is basically ....

A. Lazar. Programming Telecommunication Networks. In 5th International Workshop on Quality of Service (IWQoS'97), New York City, USA, pages 3--22, June 1997.

....that there is a need to take a hands on system approach coupled with the analysis of well founded adaptive quality of service models to investigate the viability of the approach and the utility of adaptive mobile networking to mobile users. To address these challenges, we have built an open [15] and active [29] programmable mobile network [9] 1] that is controlled by a software middleware toolkit called mobiware [22] Mobiware extends earlier work by the COMET group on programmable broadband networks [30] to the mobile and wireless domain. By open, we mean that there is a need to open ....

....the delivery of scalable flows or packet services with drop preferences. Medium access controllers must be capable of sharing the wireless link capacity among mobile devices supporting adaptive quality of service assurances when possible. Mobiware is based on a methodology of open programmability [15] for the introduction, control and management of new adaptive mobile services. It provides a set of open programmable CORBA interfaces and objects that abstract and represent network devices and resources providing a toolkit for programmable signaling, adaptation management and wireless transport ....

A. A. Lazar, Programming Telecommunication Networks, IEEE Network, October 1997.

....that explicitly recognize service creation, deployment and management in the network infrastructure. For example a future programmable network operating system could be based on active network execution environments [42] operating on node operating system [40] or open signaling network kernels [30] supporting the coexistence of multiple control architectures [33] Both of these proposals squarely address the same problem: how to open the network up and accelerate its programmability in a controlled and secure manner for the deployment of new architectures, services and protocols. The ....

....from programming and communication software. Two sets of interfaces are exposed. The first set of interfaces represents the network programming interfaces between network programming environments and programmable 2 We borrow the term node kernel from the work on NodeOS [40] and broadband kernels [30] by the active networking and Opensig communities, respectively. network architectures. The lower set of interfaces represents the node interfaces between node kernels and network programming environments. We believe that there needs to be some agreement or standardization of these interfaces to ....

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Lazar, A.A.,"Programming Telecommunication Networks", IEEE Network, vol.11, no.5, September/October 1997.

....forum s (IETF) diffserv activity which is enabling QoS in IP networks by adding flags to transport headers, one of which is an active tag. The second response came from the programmable network community who had for some time been looking to make networks more active with respect to operators [Laz] and had progressed to a concept called switchlets [Roo] in order to avoid requiring operator intervention for all programmable changes. Switchlets enable clients to control their own VPNs by downloading their own control software onto a designated subset of the switch. Switchlet development at ....

A.Lazar "Programming Telecommunication Networks", IEEE Network Oct 1997 pp 212

....control schemes, our approach creates a foundation for a programmable middleware platform, preliminarily defined in [18] that allows services to be dynamically created and installed on the fly. This service support philosophy is an extension of the work on programmable telecommunication networks [20] which rely on a simple core architecture and push complexity to the edge . A deeper understanding of the advantages and capabilities of this approach is the subject of on going research. ....

A. A. Lazar, "Programming Telecommunication Networks", IEEE Networks Mag., September/October 1997, pp. 8-18.

....management functions could also be programmable too, e.g. whether the handoff is forward or backward, soft or hard. Such an approach is highly flexible and extensible in support of future mobile service requirements. The programmable networking paradigm that we are developing for broadband ATM [18] and and cellular Internet [1] is an alternative methodology for building new services into next generation networks. Rather than supporting a fixed set of mobile services with quality of service, our approach creates a foundation for open programmable mobile networks [1, 25] that allows new ....

A. A. Lazar, "Programming Telecommunication Networks", IEEE Networks Mag., Oct. 1997, pp 8-18.

....In particular, attributes like openness and customizability are attractive for our purposes. In addition, migration of agents can relative easily be implemented, thus fostering adaptiveness and flexibility. The ultimate goal will be to support a progressive concept of programmable networks [Laz97]. Section 2 contains discussions of important issues of QoS management, with particular emphasis to conversational multimedia applications. In Section 3, after setting the reference context, we describe the proposed QoS management architecture, and we indicate the functions of each agent. In ....

A. Lazar. Programming telecommunication networks. In Proc. of the 5th Int. Workshop on Quality of Service (IWQoS97), pages 3--22, New York, May 1997.

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Lazar, A.A., "Programming Telecommunication Networks", IEEE Network, September/October 1997, pp. 8-18.

....Our key thesis has been that networking fundamentals are associated with a better understanding of service creation, deployment and management, and QOS guarantees. These need to be recognized in the network architecture explicitly and can be achieved by making the network programmable [24]. Our proposal for making the network programmable [26] revolves around the simple concept of separation of hardware from software. Such a proposal has not been discussed by either the ATM Forum or the IETF. The reasons are simple: switches and routers are vertically integrated, akin to ....

....enables third party software providers to enter the market for telecommunications software; this is similar to what the PC industry has worked with for many years. As a result, building open programmable networks has become one of the key research challenges that faces the networking community [24]. The key objective here is to make the network as programmable as the PCs and thereby drastically reduce the time to market of network services. Our past research has demonstrated how architectural flexibility can be incorporated within the xbind broadband kernel [24] 25] an open programmable ....

[Article contains additional citation context not shown here]

Lazar, A.A., "Programming Telecommunication Networks", IEEE Network, September/October 1997, pp. 8-18.

....IP stack with its fairly inexpensive, albeit unreliable UDP for inter object communication (which we term signalling) and the ATM stack for long duration communications channels (i.e. for media stream transport) that have guaranteed QOS. For more on these topics the reader is encouraged to read [1 18], where these ideas are discussed in great detail. Let us now consider the installed base of the telecommunications infrastructure. SS7 is an wellaccepted standard for network signalling in circuit switched networks, and it is being implemented for ATM networks. However, since SS7 was designed to ....

Lazar A. A. "Programming Telecommunication Networks", IEEE Network, September/October 1997, pp2-12. This paper is a revised version of the keynote address given by the author at the International Workshop on Quality of Service, Columbia University, New York, May 21-23, 1997. Published in the workshop proceedings (pp 323) .

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A. A. Lazar, "Programming Telecommunications Networks", IEEE Network, Oct. 1997.

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Lazar A. Programming telecommunication networks. IEEE Network Magazine 1997.

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A. Lazar, "Programming Telecommunication Networks," IEEE Network, Oct. 1997.

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A. Lazar, "Programming Telecommunication Networks", IEEE Network Magazine , October 1997.

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A.A. Lazar, Programming telecommunication networks, IEEE Networks 11(5) (1997) 8--18.

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A.A. Lazar, Programming telecommunication networks, IEEE Networks 11(5) (1997) 8--18.

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A.A.Lazar, "Programming Telecommunication Networks", IEEE Network Magazine, Sept./Oct 1997. 133

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A. A. Lazar, "Programming Telecommunication Networks", IEEE Network, October 1997.

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A. Lazar. Programming Telecommunication Networks. IEEE Networks, 11(5):8-18, September/October, 1997.

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A. A. Lazar, Programming Telecommunication Networks, IEEE Network, October 1997.

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Lazar, A.A.,: Programming Telecommunication Networks, IEEE Network, vol. 11, no.5, September/October 1997.

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A. A. Lazar, "Programming Telecommunication Networks", IEEE Network, October 1997.

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A. A. Lazar, "Programming Telecommunication Networks", IEEE Network, October 1997.

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A. A. Lazar, "Programming Telecommunication Networks", IEEE Network Magazine, September 1997

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Lazar, A.A., "Programming Telecommunication Networks," IEEE Network Magazine, Sep./Oct. 1997, pp. 2-12.

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A. A. Lazar, "Programming Telecommunication Networks", IEEE Network, October 1997.

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A. Lazar, "Programming Telecommunication Networks," Proc. 5th Int'l Workshop on Quality of Service, Chapman & Hall, New York, 1997, pp. 3--22.

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