Hill, R.D., Brinck, T., Rohall, S.L., Patterson, J.F., Wilne, W.: The Rendezvous architecture and language for constructing multiuser applications. ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction 1 (1994) 81--125  Home/Search   Document Not in Database   Summary   Related Articles   Check

....a different method than its prototype. Support for constraints. Another important motivation was to be able to easily integrate a constraint system with the object system. Although it would be possible to add constraints to C or CLOS objects, most systems that do this (e.g. Hudson 1993a][Hill 1994]) have required the use of pre processors or special purpose constraint languages. In contrast, we wanted to support arbitrary code in constraints without using a pre processor. Additionally, C s lack of dynamic typing makes it cumbersome to implement a constraint system in C . 4. Object ....

.... source obj = self.Get(INPUT 1) int x1 = int)source obj.Get(Am WIDTH) int)source obj.Get(Am LEFT) int y1 = int)source obj.Get(Am HEIGHT) 2 (int)source obj.Get(Am TOP) self.Set(Am Y1, y1) set Y1 by side effect for efficiency return x1; Unlike previous systems such as Rendezvous [Hill 1994], Amulet does not require the programmer to use a special mechanism for side effects: the regular Set and Create calls are used. This works because we store any new constraints that need to be evaluated in a queue. When a constraint evaluation creates new constraints that need to be evaluated, ....

[Article contains additional citation context not shown here]

Ralph D. Hill, Tom Brinck, Steven L. Rohall, John F. Patterson and Wayne Wilner. "The Rendezvous Architecture and Language for Constructing Multiuser Applications," ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction. 1994. 1(2). pp. 81-125.

.... allow programmer to customize how users create, join, leave, and manage participation in a CSCW application. At last count, more than thirty groupware toolkits have been developed by the research community. Toolkits frequently cited as reference systems include Groupkit [55] Rendezvous [56], and Suite [57] Groupkit is a Tcl Tk based toolkit available on Unix, Windows95, and Macintosh platforms. It uses a replicated architecture, with event broadcasting when local changes need to be sent to remote users. Remote events are processed in a manner similar to local events. A large number ....

Hill, R.D., et al., The Rendezvous Architecture and Language for Construction Multiuser Applications. ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction, 1994. 1(2):81-125.

....systems. In this paper we present the system called Agora which supports business tobusiness negotiations through the web, aiming at concluding a business contract. The Agora roots are related to collaborative applications developed in the domain of so called Computer Supported Collaborative Work [1,2,3,4,5,6,7]. Agora is composed of two strictly interacting functional components. The first component is the virtual negotiation table, and the second component is the generator of collaboratively written documents. Agora provides negotiators with an arbitrary number of virtual tables. All negotiators around ....

Hill R., Brinck T., Rohall S., Patterson J., and Wilner W., "The Rendezvous Architecture and Language for Constructing Multiuser Applications", ACM Transactions on Computer Human Interaction 1:2 (June 1994).

....to a data flow graph or a set of one way constraints between actual inputs and outputs and draws on research in constraint systems [32] 34] The model provides the ability to re wire the graph from within the dialogue. Several researchers are using constraints for 2 D graphical interfaces [25] [26] [33] 6] 4] Kaleidoscope [3] is a constraint based language motivated by 2 D WIMP interfaces, and it explicitly supports temporary constraints. VIVA [36] introduced some level of detail time management techniques in a data driven, real time constraint application. The CONDOR system uses a ....

R.D. Hill, T. Brinck, S.L. Rohall, J.F. Patterson, and W. Wilner, "The Rendezvous Architecture and Language for Constructing Multiuser Applications," ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction, vol. 1, no. 2, pp. 81-125, June 1994.

....virtual reality system in which multiple geographically separate users can speak to each other and participate in joint activities in a mile square virtual prototype. RENDEZVOUS is a language and architecture to help people build interactive multi user systems using constraints and callbacks [28][29] Visual Obliq [16] is a user interface development environment for constructing distributed, multi user applications using callbacks, and distributed callbacks. Systems such as SimNet are using Dead Reckoning [25] a technique where the position of an object can be extrapolated from its ....

Ralph D. Hill, Tom Brinck, Steven L. Rohall, John F. Patterson, and Wayne Wilner, "The Rendezvous Architecture and Language for Constructing Multiuser Applications". Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction vl,n2 Jun 1994 p81-125.

....application and are just applying device specific rendering. An early design for heterogeneous groupware is presented in [11] but it does not deal with platforms of significantly different computing and communication capabilities and it does not employ a model view separation. Rendezvous [7], GroupKit [14] and several groupware toolkits thereafter use model view separation so that developers can create distributed models and drive different views. However, no such implementation is reported, and in some cases (e.g. 7] the situation is greatly simplified by using centralized ....

....and it does not employ a model view separation. Rendezvous [7] GroupKit [14] and several groupware toolkits thereafter use model view separation so that developers can create distributed models and drive different views. However, no such implementation is reported, and in some cases (e.g. [7]) the situation is greatly simplified by using centralized groupware architecture. In addition to developing an architecture for heterogeneous collaborative applications, we examine team performance characteristics for such applications. Although the WYSIWIS idealization recognizes that efficient ....

R. D. Hill, T. Brinck, S. L. Rohall, J. F. Patterson, and W. Wilner, "The Rendezvous architecture and language for constructing multiuser applications," ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction, Vol.1, No.2, pp.81-125, June 1994.

....assume that users have the same replicated application and are just applying device specific rendering. An early design for heterogeneous groupware is presented in [10] but it does not deal with platforms of significantly different computing and communication capabilities. Rendezvous [9], GroupKit [16] and several groupware toolkits thereafter use model view separation so that developers can create models and drive different views. However, no such implementation is reported, and, in some cases (e.g. 9] the situation is greatly simplified by using centralized groupware ....

....different computing and communication capabilities. Rendezvous [9] GroupKit [16] and several groupware toolkits thereafter use model view separation so that developers can create models and drive different views. However, no such implementation is reported, and, in some cases (e.g. [9]) the situation is greatly simplified by using centralized groupware architecture. The Visage system from Maya Design [8] is a powerful (single user) visualization system for creating custom visualizations and direct manipulation of large and diverse datasets. While Visage addresses diverse ....

Hill, R. D., Brinck, T., Rohall, S. L., Patterson, J. F., and Wilner, W. The Rendezvous architecture and language for constructing multiuser applications. ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction, 1(2):81-125, June 1994.

....the group to have some orderly way of letting everybody speak. 2 Illustrating Example The description of a multiuser card game serves as an illustration for the concepts mentioned above. This description is based on CardTable, which is an application written with Rendezvous (see Section 3.1. 2) (Hill et al. 1994). The card game does not implement any specific rules. It is up to the users to play according to the rules of a card game. All that the application does is make the playing cards available for direct graphical manipulation. Bob Susan Quit A A A A A J J Shuffle Bob Figure 2: Susan s view ....

....but they have the advantage of being more flexible (Roseman Greenberg 1996) Several systems exist to aid the developer. Two of these are described in the next section. 3. 1 Multiuser interface toolkits Two multiuser interface toolkits are GroupKit (Roseman Greenberg 1996) and Rendezvous (Hill et al. 1994). Both are written to help develop multiuser interfaces and will be introduced briefly. Certain aspects of these toolkits are related to the groupware concepts mentioned in Section 2. For a more elaborate treatment of the requirements of multiuser interface toolkits see Hazemi Macaulay (1996) ....

[Article contains additional citation context not shown here]

Hill, R. D., Brinck, T., Rohall, S. L., Patterson, J. F. & Wilner, W. (1994). The Rendezvous Architecture and Language for Constructing Multiuser Applications, ACM Trandactions on Computer-Human Interaction 1(2): 81--125.

....programmer is freed from the tedious and error prone task of maintaining these relationships by hand, making it easier to develop and maintain complex graphical user interfaces. Many user interface development systems have provided integrated constraint solvers, including Garnet [10] Rendezvous [8], and ThingLab II [9] References [2, 6] contain additional references to constraint based systems. One efficient and flexible technique for maintaining constraints is multi way local propagation. In this technique, each constraint is represented by a set of method procedures that read the values ....

Ralph D. Hill, Tom Brinck, Steven L. Rohall, John F. Patterson, and Wayne Wilner. The Rendezvous Architecture and Language for Constructing Multi-User Applications. ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction, 1(2), 1994. To appear.

....Supported Cooperative Work (CSCW) research has primarily focused on low level interaction mechanisms, such as synchronous and asynchronous editing. Examples include most Groupware systems [Ellis, 1991] GroupKit [Roseman, 1996] Mjlner [Magnusson, 1993] C MViews [Grundy, 1995c] and Rendezvous [Hill, 1994]. These systems lack information about the work context changes have been carried out in. Some work has been done on providing higher level process modelling and coordination facilities, such as workflow configuration [Medina Mora, 1992] obligations [Kaplan, 1992a, Bogia, 1995] and shared ....

Hill, R.D., Brinck, T., Rohall, S.L., Patterson, J.F., and Wilner, W., "The Rendezvous Architecture and Language for Constructing Multi-User Applications," ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction, vol. 1, no. 2, June 1994, 85-125.

.... videoconference to support multiple participants in the conference rooms. Public areas were continuously connected, as at PARC. BellCORE was also very active in media space research at this time, creating Cruiser [Roo88] and the VideoWindow [Fis90] both controlled by a system called Rendezvous [Hil94]. In contrast to the Xerox PARC approach, which emphasized letting the users evolve the characteristics of the media space, BellCORE researchers followed a theoretical approach, focusing on the role of informal communication [Kra88, Fis93] Cruiser was based on the model of walking down a hallway ....

Ralph Hill, Tom Brinck, Steven Rohall, John Patterson and Wayne Wilner. The RendezVous architecture and language for constructing multiuser applications. ACM Transactions on Computer Human Interaction, 1(2):81--125, June 1994.

....revisiting the issues and by explaining further architectural differences possible in collaborative applications. GROUPWARE TOOLKITS FOR SYNCHRONOUS WORK 3 1.2.1 Centralized vs. Replicated Architectures Groupware researchers have long argued the merits of centralized vs. replicated architectures [1, 22, 45, 46, 56, 28, 79, 37, 55, 12, 20]. Centralized architectures use a single application program, residing on one central server machine, to control all input and output to the distributed participants. Client processes residing at each site are responsible only for passing requests to the central program, and for displaying any ....

....replica must coordinate explicitly both local and remote actions, and must attend to synchronizing all copies so they do not get out of step. Because of its simplicity at handling concurrency and of maintaining a single state model, centralized architectures for groupware has had many advocates [1, 22, 45, 79, 37, 20], and one may wonder why a replicated approach would ever be considered. The main issues are latency, bottlenecks, and heterogeneous environments. First, a centralized scheme implies sequential processing, where user input is transmitted from the remote machine to the central application, which ....

[Article contains additional citation context not shown here]

Hill, R.D., Brinck, T., Rohall, S.L., Patterson, J.F. and Wilner, W. (1994) "The Rendezvous architecture and language for constructing multi-user applications." ACM Transactions on ComputerHuman Interaction, 1(2), p81--125, June.

....definitions in general. Reusability is a key issue in software engineering. Its benefits include the reduction of costs and time to market of software products. In the CSCW research reusability issues are mainly addressed by cooperative toolkits. These toolkits, such as GroupKit [20] Rendezvous [9] and Prospero [6] aim at reducing the complexity of cooperative systems development, by providing reuse of solutions for common problems, mostly in terms of cooperative widgets and environment support. Nevertheless, the reusability provided by the toolkits is restricted by two factors, viz. the ....

Hill, R.D., Brinck, T., Rohall, S.L., Patterson J.F. and Wilner, W.: The rendezvous architecture and language for constructing multiuser applications. ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction, 1(2), pp. 81-125, 1994.

.... interactive, moded graphical interfaces were perhaps better captured by state transition diagram based approaches[30] and modern modeless WIMP interfaces fit a coroutine based model[32] 60 In the continuous domain, several researchers are using constraints for 2 D graphical interfaces[22, 23, 27, 44, 59]. Kaleidoscope[15] is a constraint based language motivated by 2 D WIMP interfaces, and it explicitly supports temporary constraints. The CONDOR system uses a constraint or data flow model to describe interactive 3 D graphics[37] TBAG also uses constraints effectively for graphics and animation ....

R.D. Hill, T. Brinck, S.L. Rohall, J.F. Patterson, and W. Wilner, "The Rendezvous Architecture and Language for Constructing Multiuser Applications," ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction, vol. 1, no. 2, pp. 81-125, June 1994.

....and Visual Obliq, described in chapter 3, are not designed for VR systems and thus they do not need to handle the VR necessities described in chapter 2. RENDEZVOUS is a language and architecture to help people build interactive multiuser systems using constraints and callbacks [Hill 92] Hill 94] Visual Obliq [Bharat 94] is a user interface development environment for constructing distributed, multi user applications using callbacks, and distributed callbacks [Bharat 94] Systems that use Dead Reckoning SimNet, a research simulation system, was developed in the early 1980 s the DARPA, ....

Ralph D. Hill, Tom Brinck, Steven L. Rohall, John F. Patterson, and Wayne Wilner, "The Rendezvous Architecture and Language for Constructing Multiuser Applications". Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction v1,n2 Jun 1994 p81125. Leonidas Deligiannidis Page 305

....a programmer can attach it to particular widgets and their children (this is the purpose of line 2) The telepointer is always drawn relative to the widget, rather than the application window. For example, we have built a tic tac toe game, motivated by the one built in the Rendezvous toolkit (Hill et al., 1994). Its relaxed WYSIWIS view allows a participant to reposition their game board in their application window without affecting the views of other participants. Even though the board may be in the upper right corner of one participant s view and the lower left of another s, the cursor will be drawn ....

....for receiving notes (Figure 2) TextChat 140 A multi point text based chat facility. The version measured is slightly simpler than the one shown in Figure 8, as it excludes the ability to make custom text phrases. Tic Tac Toe 152 A replica of the Tic Tac Toe system built in the Rendezvous toolkit (Hill et al. 1994). Players are assigned the roles of X, O or observer, whose semantics are enforced by the system; the board can be on different locations on different screens, and visual feedback of a player s movement is provided. Hyper 213 An object based drawing package that lets people create circles and link ....

[Article contains additional citation context not shown here]

Hill, R.D., Brinck, T., Rohall, S.L., Patterson, J.F. and Wilner, W. (1994) "The Rendezvous Architecture and Language for Constructing Multi-User Applications." ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction, 1(2), p81-125, June.

....should be located width pixels from the left side of the rectangle. Constraints find use in a great many applications, including spreadsheets, graphical interface toolkits [Myers et al. 1990; Barth 1986; Henry and Hudson 1988; Hudson 1994; Szekely and Myers 1988; Vander Zanden 1988; Myers 1990; Hill et al. 1994], graphical layout systems [Gosling 1983] simulation systems [Borning 1981; Borning and Duisberg 1986] animations [Duisberg 1986] programming languages [Freeman Benson 1990; Maloney 1991; Hoover 1992] and programming environments [Reps et al. 1983] For instance, they may be used by: a ....

Hill, R. D., Brinck, T., Rohall, S. L., Patterson, J. F., and Wilner, W. 1994. The rendezvous architecture and language for constructing multiuser applications. ACM Transactions on Computer Human Interaction 1, 81--125.

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Ralph Hill et al. "The Rendezvous Architecture and Language for Constructing Multiuser Applications." ACM Transactions of Computer Human Interaction, June 1994, Vol. 1, No. 2, pp. 81-125.

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Hill, R.D., Brinck, T., Rohall, S.L., Patterson, J.F., Wilne, W.: The Rendezvous architecture and language for constructing multiuser applications. ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction 1 (1994) 81--125

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Hill, R. D., Brinck, T., Rohall, S. L., Patterson, J. F., and Wilne, W. (1994). The Rendezvous architecture and language for constructing multiuser applications.

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R. Hill, T. Brinck, S. Rohall, J. Patterson, and W. Wilner. The Rendezvous architecture and language for constructing multiuser applications. ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction, 1(2):81--125, 1994.

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R. D. Hill, T. Brinck, S. L. Rohall, J. F. Patterson, and W. Wilner, "The Rendezvous architecture and language for constructing multiuser applications," ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction, 1(2):81125, June 1994.

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Ralph D. Hill, Tom Brinck, Steven L. Rohall, John F. Patterson and Wayne Wilner. "The Rendezvous Architecture and Language for Constructing Multiuser Applications," ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction. 1994. 1(2). pp. 81-125.

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R.D. Hill, T. Brinck, S.L. Rohall, J.F. Patterson and W. Wilner, The Rendezvous Architecture and Language for Constructing Multi-User Applications. ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction 1, 2 (June 1994), 81125.

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Ralph D. Hill, Tom Brinck, Steven L. Rohall, John F.Patterson, and Wayne Wilner. The Rendezvous Architecture and Language for Constructing Multi-User Applications. ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction, 1(2):81--125, June 1994.

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