G. Asada, M. Dong, T.S. Lin et al, Wireless integrated network sensors: low power system on a chip. IEEE Proc. of the European Solid State Circuits Conference. Invited Paper, 1998, p.9-12.  Home/Search   Document Details and Download   Summary   Related Articles   Check

....for low power consumption in their products. In [6 7] low power transceiver architectures and low power signal processing systems are discussed separately. In [8] an energy scavenging technique, which enables self powered nodes using energy extracted from the environment, is presented. In [9], a low power data converter, signal processing, RF communication circuits are integrated into one chip. On the other hand, protocol designers are seeking an energy efficient communication architecture, which involves all levels from the physical layer to the application layer [4] For instance, ....

G. Asada, M. Dong, T. S. Lin, F. Newberg, G. Pottie, W. J. Kaiser, Wireless Integrated Network Sensors: Low Powers Systems on a Chip, Proc of the 24th IEEE European Solid-State Circuits Conference, Elsevier, 1998.

....I. INTRODUCTION Wireless sensor networks have been attracting increasing research interest given the recent advances in miniaturization, low cost and low power design. Such networks will consist of a large collection of small wireless, low power, unattended sensors and or actuators [1][2] 3] 4] Sensor networks can enable smart environments which can monitor ambient conditions such as temperature, movement, sound, light, location and others. One important feature that distinguishes sensor networks from traditional distributed systems is their need for energy efficiency. Many ....

....and distributed systems, monitoring other industrial systems and recent work on coverage problem in sensor networks. Wireless sensor networks can potentially support a variety of high profile applications [4] 12] Researchers have been addressing various aspects of the design of sensor networks [1][13] 14] In data fusion [15] 16] information gathered from various knowledge sources and sensors are combined to provide a better understanding of the phenomenon being observed. An energy efficient paradigm (directed diffusion) for the design of sensor network protocols is proposed in [13] One ....

G. Asada, T. Dong, F. Lin, G. Pottie, W. Kaiser, and H. Marcy, "Wireless integrated network sensors: Low power systems on a chip," in European Solid State Circuits Conference. October 1998, The Hague, Netherlands.

....usual tangle of wires [2, 3, 4] Microsensor networks promise to revolutionize how data is gathered. A microsensor node integrates sensing, processing, and communication sub systems. Several researchers have demonstrated operational nodes with low power commercial, off the shelf (COTS) components [5, 6, 7]. A representative example is depicted in Figure 1, which contains an on board acoustic sensor and A D, a StrongARM processor for data and protocol processing, power regulators for dynamic energy management, and a 2.4 GHz Bluetooth compatible radio. This particular node, dubbed [tAMPS 1 [8] ....

G. Asada et at., "Wireless Integrated Network Sensors: low power systems on a chip," Proc. 1998.

....between node software and hardware, and among the distributed nodes of the network, improve energy efficiency and extend operational lifetime. 1. Introduction The idea of wireless microsensor networks has garnered a great deal of attention and interest. A distributed wireless microsensor network [1] consists of hundreds to several thousands of small sensor nodes scattered throughout an area of interest. Each node individually monitors its environment and collects data as directed by the user, while the network collaborates as a whole to deliver high quality observations to a central base ....

G. Asada et al., "Wireless Integrated Network Sensors: Low Power Systems on a Chip," 1EEE ESSC1RC '98, pp. 916, September 1998.

....wireless sensor networks have triggered a large amount of work in the area in the last years. Although most of them have system centric approaches, they often focus on understanding and developing low level radio and baseband technology suitable for very limited, single chip implementations [4, 5, 6, 7]. The most prominent of all network sensor implementations today are surely the UC Berkeley motes [8] that are very similar to the BTnodes but have less IO and memory resources and a di#erent radio frontend. In order to operate this frontend all the medium access layer and baseband processing has ....

G. Asada et al., "Wireless integrated network sensors: Low power systems on a chip," in Proceedings of ESSCIRC '98, 1998.

....Time synchronization is critical for distributed data fusion; it is nearly always required to meaningfully correlate the output of distributed sensors. There are many examples of sensor network tasks that require synchronized time: for example, to save energy by forming a sleep and wakeup schedule [3]; create a distributed acoustic beamforming platform [15] integrate a time series of proximity detections into a velocity estimate [4] measure the timeof ight of sound for localizing its source [7] or suppress redundant messages by recognizing that they describe duplicate detections of the ....

....a distributed, acoustic beamforming array, based on earlier work in centralized beamforming [16] 2. HARDWARE PLATFORM Over the past few years, a number of hardware platforms have emerged in the wireless network sensor arena, perhaps starting with the WINS system developed at UCLA and Rockwell [3, 14]. Most recently, the Berkeley Mote platform [8, 10] is notable due to its growing popularity in the research community. While these platforms are typically the most energy efcient and have the smallest form factors, we have also found COTS (commercial off the shelf) platforms to be useful due to ....

G. Asada, T. Dong, F. Lin, G. Pottie, W. Kaiser, and H. Marcy. Wireless integrated network sensors: Low power systems on a chip. In Proceedings of European Solid State Circuits Conference, The Hague, Netherlands, October 1998.

....should wake up at periodic intervals. It is essential that all the nodes are able to wake up at the same time to be able to exchange information. In addition, various time division multiple access (TDMA) schemes proposed in literature for ad hoc networks assume clock synchronization of the nodes [1]. Nodes could be equipped with a global positioning system (GPS) 2] to synchronize them, but currently this is a costly (in size, cost and power consumption) solution. There is a considerable amount of work available in the field synchronization for distributed systems [3] 14] However most ....

G. Asada, M. Dong, T. Lin, F. Newberg, G. Pottie, W. Kaiser, and H.O.Marcy, "Wireless integrated network sensors: low power systems on a chip," in Proc. of the 24th European Solid-State Circuits Conference, The Hague, Netherlands, Sept. 1998.

....predicted at the monitoring node. As the energy consumed in transmitting a packet is greater than the energy consumed in receiving a packet, this approach can achieve energy sav ings. Some researches are exploring the issues related to the design of sensors as energy ecient as possible [2, 15, 20, 21, 24]. In particular, the WINS [2, 20] and PicoRadio [21] projects are seeking ways to integrate sensing, signal processing, and radio elements onto a single integrated circuit. Researches involved in SmartDust [15] aim to design millimeter scale sensing and communicating nodes. The energy eciency is ....

....the energy consumed in transmitting a packet is greater than the energy consumed in receiving a packet, this approach can achieve energy sav ings. Some researches are exploring the issues related to the design of sensors as energy ecient as possible [2, 15, 20, 21, 24] In particular, the WINS [2, 20] and PicoRadio [21] projects are seeking ways to integrate sensing, signal processing, and radio elements onto a single integrated circuit. Researches involved in SmartDust [15] aim to design millimeter scale sensing and communicating nodes. The energy eciency is the primary concern in designing ....

G. Asada, T. Dong, F. Lin, G. Pottie, W. Kaiser, and H. Marcy. Wireless integrated network sensors: Low power systems on a chip. In European Solid State Circuits Conference, The Hague, Netherlands, October 1998.

....for low power consumption in their products. In [6 7] low power transceiver architectures and low power signal processing systems are discussed separately. In [8] an energy scavenging technique, which enables self powered nodes using energy extracted from the environment, is presented. In [9], a low power data converter, signal processing, RF communication circuits are integrated into one chip. On the other hand, protocol designers are seeking an energy efficient communication architecture, which involves all levels from the physical layer to the application layer [4] For instance, ....

G. Asada, M. Dong, T. S. Lin, F. Newberg, G. Potfie, W. J. Kaiser, Wireless Integrated Network Sensors: Low Powers Systems on a Chip, Proc of the 24th IEEE European SolidState Circuits Conference, Elsevier, 1998.

....are characterized by severe energy constraints because the nodes will often operate with finite battery resources and limited recharging. The energy concerns can be addressed by engineering design at all layers. Some of the energy concerns are being addressed at the hardware and architecture level [18, 32, 36]. At the physical layer, there is now a significant body of work on minimizing energy costs by adjusting the transmit powers of nodes while achieving global network properties such as connectivity [37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43] At the link layer, some of the work has focused on energy e#cient ....

G. Asada et al., "Wireless Integrated Network Sensors: Low Power Systems on a Chip," Proceedings of the 1998 European Solid State Circuits Conference.

....DSDV grid topology event model DSR 12x12 grid AODV 12x12 grid DSDV 12x12 grid Figure 18: The effects of the routing protocol on goodput for a 12x12 grid. 7. RELATED WORK Because of the unique requirements on sensor network nodes, several groups have proposed architectures for sensor nodes [1, 6, 8, 15, 24, 25, 26, 31, 35]. On top of these architectures, several studies targeted the development of powerefficient medium access protocols (e.g. 30, 32, 35] Networking and data dissemination issues have also received considerable interest. Due to the data centric nature of sensor networks, researchers proposed ....

ASADA,G.,DONG,M.,LIN,T.,NEWBERG,F., POTTIE,G.,AND KAISER, W. Wireless integrated network sensors: Low power systems on a chip. In European Solid State Circuits Conference (Oct. 1998).

....wireless networking in a compact system. Recent advances in integrated circuit technology have enabled construction of far more capable yet inexpensive sensors, radios, and processors, allowing mass production of sophisticated systems linking the physical world to digital data networks [2 5]. Scales range from local to global for applications in medicine, security, factory automation, environmental monitoring, and condition based maintenance. Compact geometry and low cost allow WINS to be embedded and distributed at a fraction of the cost of conventional wireline sensor and ....

Asada, G., Dong, M., Lin, T., Newberg, F., Pottie, G., Marcy, H., and Kaiser, W. Wireless integrated network sensors: Low-power systems on a chip. In Proceedings of the 24th IEEE European Solid-State Circuits Conference (Den Hague, The Netherlands, Sept. 21--25). Elsevier, 1998, 9--12.

....in integrated circuit and MEMS technology, it is clear that small, low power sensing devices will be ready to be deployed in sensor networks in the near future. Many research groups are exploring the issues related to the design of nodes for deployment in wireless sensor networks. The WINS [8] and PicoRadio [5] projects are seeking ways to integrate sensing, signal processing, and radio elements onto a single integrated circuit. Meanwhile, researchers involved in SmartDust [3] aim to design particle sized nodes for wide area distributed sensing. Network protocols for wireless ....

G. Asada et al., "Wireless Integrated Network Sensors: Low Power Systems on a Chip," in Proc. ESSCIRC '98, 1998.

....and middleware, while design is presented from synthesis and analysis point of views. There have been at least three main directions in which the architectures of SN nodes have been addressed. The first group of efforts is a number of designs of individual sensor nodes and badges [Agr99] [Asa98] [Loc02] Mag98] Men01] Pot00] Wan92] The emphasis on this group of effort has been on ensuring working prototype creation and in some cases, pushing state of the art of an individual component (e.g. radio, energy harvesting) The second group was represented by the TinyOS group [Cul01] ....

Asada, G.; Dong, M.; Lin, T.S.; Newberg, F.; el at, "Wireless integrated network sensors: low power systems on a chip." 24th European Solid-State Circuits Conference. France, 1998. pg. 9-16.

....Time synchronization is critical for distributed data fusion; it is nearly always required to meaningfully correlate the output of distributed sensors. There are many examples of sensor network tasks that require synchronized time: for example, to save energy by forming a sleep and wakeup schedule [3]; create a distributed acoustic beamforming platform [15] integrate a time series of proximity detections into a velocity estimate [4] measure the timeof flight of sound for localizing its source [7] or suppress redundant messages by recognizing that they describe duplicate detections of the ....

....a distributed, acoustic beamforming array, based on earlier work in centralized beamforming [16] 2. HARDWARE PLATFORM Over the past few years, a number of hardware platforms have emerged in the wireless network sensor arena, perhaps starting with the WINS system developed at UCLA and Rockwell [3, 14]. Most recently, the Berkeley Mote platform [8, 10] is notable due to its growing popularity in the research community. While these platforms are typically the most energy efficient and have the smallest form factors, we have also found COTS (commercial off the shelf) platforms to be useful due to ....

G. Asada, T. Dong, F. Lin, G. Pottie, W. Kaiser, and H. Marcy. Wireless integrated network sensors: Low power systems on a chip. In Proceedings of European Solid State Circuits Conference, The Hague, Netherlands, October 1998.

....with electromagnetic signals in the environment, but the operation is specific enough to justify a separate treat ment. 5.1 Low Power RF Comrnunication Current research seeks to develop new low power radio solutions. For example, the LWIM project has a 1 mW radio goal in the 902 928 MHz band [4]. The picoRadio project [19] proposes power dissipation levels below 100 W, resulting in communication at 0.1 n J bit. As technology improves, the cost of radio transmission and reception will decrease, but will always be bounded by fundamental limits that still constrain operation in RF sensor ....

G. Asada, M. Dong, T.S. Lin, F. Newberg, G. Pottle, W.J. Kaiser, & H.O. Marcy, Wireless integrated network sensors: Low power systems on a chip, ESSCIRC '98, Proc. Jth European Solid-State Circuits Conf., The Hague, Netherlands, September 1998, 9-16.

....removed in the network without having to reinitialize all nodes for the new topology. It is beyond the scope of this paper to go into detail about routing techniques in these networks or the specific implementation of communication (wired versus wireless, broadcasting, etc. for which we refer to [1], 11] or [8] Figure 3. Distributed processing of the sensor data. The main focus is on communication or interaction between nodes of the network, instead of fusion of all data in one place, and an emergent self organisation between the nodes. Processing the data in a distributed manner shows ....

G. Asada, M. Dong, T.S. Lin, F. Newberg, G. Pottie, W.J. Kaiser, and H.O. Marcy. "Wireless Integrated Network Sensors: Low Power Systems on a Chip." Proceedings of the 1998.

....(the Network Time Protocol) 20] has kept the Internet s clocks ticking in phase. However, a new class of networks is emerging. Recent advances in miniaturization and low cost, low power design have led to active research in large scale networks of small, wireless, low power sensors and actuators [2, 14, 7]. These networks require that time be synchronized more precisely than in traditional Internet applications on the order of 1sec or better due to their close coupling with the physical world and their energy constraints. For example, precise time is needed to measure the time of flight of ....

....the order of 1sec or better due to their close coupling with the physical world and their energy constraints. For example, precise time is needed to measure the time of flight of sound for localizing its source [8] distribute a beamforming array [30] form a lowpower TDMA radio schedule [2]; integrate a time series of proximity detections into a velocity estimate [4] or suppress redundant messages by recognizing duplicate detections of the same event by different sensors [12] Some sensor network applications also use synchronization as typical distributed systems do: for secure ....

G. Asada, M. Dong, T. Lin, F. Newberg, G. Pottie, W. Kaiser, and H. Marcy. Wireless Integrated Network Sensors: Low Power Systems on a Chip. In Proceedings of the European Solid State Circuits Conference, 1998.

....been attracting increasing research interest given the recent advances in miniaturization and low cost, low power design. Unlike traditional computer networks such as the Internet, such a network will consist of a large collection of small wireless, low power, unattended sensors and or actuators [ADL 98, EGHK99, KKP99, EGH00] Sensor networks can enable smart environments which can monitor ambient conditions such as temperature, movement, sound, light, location and others. Wireless sensor network technology poses its unique design challenges. One important feature that distinguishes sensor ....

....problem in sensor networks. Wireless sensor networks can potentially support a variety of high profile applications [EGH00, Ten00] Researchers have been addressing various aspects of the design of sensor networks. For example, a design of wireless integrated network sensors is described in [ADL 98] Reference [HKB99] proposes a family of adaptive protocols (SPIN) for information dissemination in energy constrained wireless sensor networks. An energy efficient paradigm (directed diffusion) for the design of protocols for sensor networks is proposed in [IGE00] Two important features of ....

G. Asada, T. Dong, F. Lin, G. Pottie, W. Kaiser, and H. Marcy. Wireless integrated network sensors: Low power systems on a chip, 1998.

....(the Network Time Protocol) 19] has kept the Internet s clocks ticking in phase. However, a new class of networks is emerging. Recent advances in miniaturization and low cost, low power design have led to active research in large scale networks of small, wireless, low power sensors and actuators [1, 12, 6]. These networks require that time be synchronized more precisely than in traditional Internet applications on the order of 1sec or better due to their close coupling with the physical world and their energy constraints. For example, precise Under submission; please do not cite or quote. ....

....close coupling with the physical world and their energy constraints. For example, precise Under submission; please do not cite or quote. time is needed to measure the time of flight of sound for localizing its source [7] distribute a beamforming array [29] form a lowpower TDMA radio schedule [1]; integrate a time series of proximity detections into a velocity estimate [3] or suppress redundant messages by recognizing duplicate detections of the same event by different sensors [10] Some sensor network applications also use synchronization as typical distributed systems do: for secure ....

G. Asada, M. Dong, T.S. Lin, F. Newberg, G. Pottie, W.J. Kaiser, and H.O. Marcy. Wireless Integrated Network Sensors: Low Power Systems on a Chip. In Proceedings of the European Solid State Circuits Conference, 1998.

....as applied to packet fragmentation and an experiment that validates our model. 1 Introduction Recent advances in miniaturization and low cost, low power design have led to active research in large scale, highly distributed systems of small, wireless, low power, unattended sensors and actuators [1, 2, 3]. The vision of many researchers is to create sensor rich smart environments through planned or ad hoc deployment of thousands of sensors, each with a short range wireless communications channel, and capable of detecting ambient conditions such as temperature, movement, sound, light, or the ....

....of changes in the network topology. In contrast, our work is more concerned with the cost of identifiers long enough to be globally unique in context where locally unique identifiers are su#cient. Our scheme also assumes some other method is used for naming, and names need not be unique. In WINS [1], Kaiser and Pottie have designed a system where short, locally unique addresses are dynamically assigned to nodes in a radio cluster by a central controller. They try to maximize the use of energy in a wireless, unattended radio system by reducing the number of address bits transmitted. Their ....

G. Asada, M. Dong, T.S. Lin, F. Newberg, G. Pottie, W.J. Kaiser, and H.O. Marcy. Wireless Integrated Network Sensors: Low Power Systems on a Chip. In Proceedings of the European Solid State Circuits Conference, 1998.

....These characteristics that make microsensors idealfe deployment in otherwise inaccessible environments where maintenance would be inconvenient or impossible [1] 2] 3] The potentialfn collaborative, robust networks of microsensors has attracted a great deal of research attention. The WINS [5] and PicoRadio [6] and projects,fo instance, aim to integrate sensing, processing and radio communication onto a microsensor node. Current prototypes are custom circuit boards with mostly commercial,of fmmercial, components. The Smart Dust [4] project seeks a minimum size solution to the ....

G. Asada et al., "Wireless Integrated Network Sensors: Low Power Systems on a Chip," Proc. ESSCIRC `98,

....on infrared, vibration and acoustic sensors [1] They combine micropower sensor technology with a low power sensor interface, signal processing and weak inversion RF circuits to implement entire sensor systems. An excellent overview of system applications and sensor electronics is presented in [2]. Based on these results, we will assume that low power sensor technology and the associated interfaces are available. This paper will focus on the system design issues and circuit challenges for distributed microsensors. There are several important differences between the wireless microsensor ....

G. Asada, M. Dong, T.S. Lin, F. Newberg, G. Pottie, W. J. Kaiser, H. O. Marcy, "Wireless Integrated Network Sensors: Low Power Systems on a Chip," IEEE ESSIRC, 1998.

....and localized but highprecision synchronization using very little energy. 1. Introduction Recent advances in miniaturization and low cost, lowpower design have led to active research in large scale, highly distributed systems of small, wireless, low power, unattended sensors and actuators [1, 7, 4]. The vision of many researchers is to create sensor rich smart environments through planned or ad hoc deployment of thousands of sensors, each with a short range wireless communications channel, and capable of detecting ambient conditions such as temperature, movement, sound, light, or the ....

....state, if not turned off completely, for as long as possible. Sensor network hardware is often designed with this goal in mind; processor have various sleep modes or are capable of powering down highenergy peripherals when not in use. This type of design is exemplified by the WINS platform [1], which has an extremely low power pre processor that is capable of rudimentary signal processing. Normally, the entire node is powered down except for the pre processor. When the pre processor detects a potentially interesting signal, it powers on the general purpose processor for further ....

G. Asada, M. Dong, T. Lin, F. Newberg, G. Pottie, W. Kaiser, and H. Marcy. Wireless Integrated Network Sensors: Low Power Systems on a Chip. In Proceedings of the European Solid State Circuits Conference, 1998.

....as applied to packet fragmentation and an experiment that validates our model. 1. Introduction Recent advances in miniaturization and low cost, lowpower design have led to active research in large scale, highly distributed systems of small, wireless, low power, unattended sensors and actuators [2, 10, 6]. The vision of many researchers is to create sensor rich smart environments through planned or ad hoc deployment of thousands of sensors, each with a short range wireless communications channel, and capable of detecting ambient conditions such as temperature, movement, sound, light, or the ....

....changes in the network topology. In contrast, our work is more concerned with the cost of identifiers long enough to be globally unique in context where locally unique identifiers are sufficient. Our scheme also assumes some other method is used for naming, and names need not be unique. In WINS [2], Kaiser and Pottie have designed a system where short, locally unique addresses are dynamically assigned to nodes in a radio cluster by a central controller. They try to maximize the use of energy in a wireless, unattended radio system by reducing the number of address bits transmitted. Their ....

G. Asada, M. Dong, T. Lin, F. Newberg, G. Pottie, W. Kaiser, and H. Marcy. Wireless Integrated Network Sensors: Low Power Systems on a Chip. In Proceedings of the European Solid State Circuits Conference, 1998.

....Routing Protocol, 1. Introduction The technological advances in the area of miniaturization allow now to produce extremely small devices with volume on the order of tens millimeters cube. Moreover, it is anticipated that further reduction in size will be possible in the near future [Akin98] and [Asada98]. Small footprint devices manufactured with the Micro Electro Mechanical Systems (MEMS) technology can accommodate a variety of sensing functions, such as temperature, pressure, or acceleration, and actuation functions, such as rotation, linear displacement, or torque. These mechanical operations ....

G. Asada, M. Dong, T.S. Lin, F. Newberg, G. Pottie, W.J. Kaiser, and H.O. Marcy, "Wireless Integrated Network Sensors: Low Power Systems on a Chip," Proceedings of the 1998 European Solid State Circuits Conference.

....communication paradigm. The most promising methods for short and long range peer to peer communications are RF and optical media [3] respectively. Progress is being made to integrate both of these media at the chip level [4] while macroscopic sensor node systems have been demonstrated [5] [6]. Ad hoc routing protocols have been developed information theoretic bounds are explored in [7] and protocols are detailed in [8] 9] Judging by the interest shown by the military, academia, and the media, innumerable applications exist for Smart Dust networks. Examples include weather ....

....DC Deflection , MOEMS 99, Mainz, Germany, Aug 1999. 4] B. Atwood, B. Warneke, K. S. J. Pister, Preliminary circuits for Smart Dust , IEEE Southwest Symposium on Mixed Signal Design, pp. 87 92, San Diego, CA, Feb. 2000. 5] S. Hollar, Masters Report, University of California, Berkeley, May 2000. [6] G. Asada, M. Dong, T. S. Lin, F. Newberg, G. Pottie, W. J. Kaiser, H. O. Marcy, Wireless integrated network sensors: low power systems on a chip , ESSCIRC 98. Proceedings of the 24th European Solid State Circuits Conference, The Hague, Netherlands, Sep. 1998. 7] P. Gupta and P. R. Kumar, The ....

G. Asada, M. Dong, T. S. Lin, F. Newberg, G. Pottie, W. J. Kaiser, H. O. Marcy, "Wireless integrated network sensors: low power systems on a chip", ESSCIRC '98. Proceedings of the 24th European Solid-State Circuits Conference, The Hague, Netherlands, Sep. 1998.

....scheme s eciency. We also describe an implementation and an experiment that validates our model. 1 Introduction Recent advances in miniaturization and low cost, low power design have led to active research in largescale networks of small, wireless, low power, unattended sensors and actuators [1, 2, 3]. The vision of many researchers is to create sensor rich smart environments through planned or ad hoc deployment of thousands of sensors, each with a short range wireless communications channel, and capable of detecting ambient conditions such as temperature, movement, sound, lighting, or the ....

....the network topology. In contrast, our work is more concerned with the cost of identi ers long enough to be globally unique in context where locally unique identi ers are sucient. Note that our architecture also assumes some other method is used for naming, and names need not be unique. In WINS [1], Kaiser and Pottie have designed a system where short, locally unique addresses are dynamically assigned to nodes in a radio cluster by a central controller. They try to maximize the use of energy in a wireless, unattended radio system by reducing the number of address bits transmitted. Their ....

G. Asada, M. Dong, T.S. Lin, F. Newberg, G. Pottie, W.J. Kaiser, and H.O. Marcy. Wireless Integrated Network Sensors: Low Power Systems on a Chip. In Proceedings of the European Solid State Circuits Conference, 1998.

....Idea Wireless sensors and networks are a mature technology about to be transferred both to schools and consumer products. These advances can multiply the use of technology and give us far better information about what is being used by whom and under which of a vast number of flexible conditions (Asada et al. 1998; Beadle, Harper, Maguire, Judge, 1997) 4. Technology Goes Beyond Classroom Instructional Uses Most of us get stuck whenwe think about technology. We first think about its use as an instructional treatment to impact directly on children s learning. But until we have our priorities ....

Asada, G., Dong, T. S., Lin, F. N., Pottie, G., Kaiser, W. J., & Marcy, H. O. (1998, October). Wireless integrated network sensors: Low power systems on a chip. European Solid State Circuits Conference, The Hague, Netherlands.

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G. Asada, M. Dong, T.S. Lin et al, Wireless integrated network sensors: low power system on a chip. IEEE Proc. of the European Solid State Circuits Conference. Invited Paper, 1998, p.9-12.

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G. Asada, M. Dong, T. S. Lin, F. Newberg, G. Pottie, and W. Kaiser. Wireless integrated network sensors: Low power systems on a chip. In Proc. of the 1998.

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G. Asada, M. Dong, T. S. Lin, F. Newberg, G. Pottie, W. J. Kaiser, H. O. Marcy, "Wireless integrated network sensors: low power systems on a chip," ESSCIRC '98. Proceedings of the 24th European Solid-State Circuits Conference, The Hague, Netherlands, September 1998.

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G. Asada, M. Dong, T. S. Lin, F. Newberg, G. Pottie, W. J. Kaiser, H. O. Marcy, "Wireless integrated network sensors: low power systems on a chip," ESSCIRC '98. Proceedings of the 24th European Solid-State Circuits Conference, The Hague, Netherlands, September 1998.

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G. Asada, M. Dong, T. S. Lin, F. Newberg, G. Pottie, and W. J. Kaiser, "Wireless integrated network sensors: Low power systems on a chip," in Proc. ESSCIRC'98, 1998, pp. 9--16.

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G. Asada, M. Dong, T. S. Lin, F. Newberg, G. Pottie, W. J. Kaiser, and H. O. Marcy, "Wireless integrated network sensors: Low power systems on a chip," IEEE ESSIRC, 1998.

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G. Asada, M. Dong, T. S. Lin, F. Newberg, G. Pottie, and W. J. Kaiser. Wireless integrated network sensor: Low power systems on a chip. In ESSCIRC '98, 1998.

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G. Asada, T. Dong, F. Lin, G. Pottie, W. Kaiser, and H. Marcy, "Wireless integrated network sensors: Low power systems on a chip," in Proc. of the 24th European Solid-State Circuits Conference, The Hague, Netherlands, 1998. [Online]. Available: citeseer.nj.nec.com/278712.html

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G. Asada, M. Dong, T.S. Lin, F. Newberg, G. Pottie, W.J. Kaiser, H.O. Marcy, Wireless integrated network sensors: low power systems on a chip, in: Proc. European Solid State Circuits Conf., 1998.

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Asada, G., Dong, M., Lin, T. S., Newberg, F., Pottie, G., Kaiser, W. J., and Marcy, H. O. Wireless Integrated Network Sensors: Low Power Systems on a Chip. In Proceedings of the European Solid State Circuits Conference (1998).

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G. Asada, T. Dong, F. Lin, G. Pottie, W. Kaiser, and H. Marcy, "Wireless integrated network sensors: Low power systems on a chip," in Proc. of the 24th European Solid-State Circuits Conference, (The Hague, Netherlands), 1998.

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G. Asada, T. Dong, F. Lin, G. Pottie, W. Kaiser and H. Marcy, "Wireless Integrated Network Sensors: Low Power Systems on a Chip", In European Solid State Circuits Conference, The Hague, Netherlands, October 1998.

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G. Asada, T. Dong, F. Lin, G. Pottie, W. Kaiser, and H. Marcy, "Wireless integrated network sensors: Low power systems on a chip," in Proc. of the 24th European Solid-State Circuits Conference, The Hague, Netherlands, 1998. [Online]. Available: citeseer.nj.nec.com/278712.html

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G. Asada et al., "Wireless Integrated Network Sensors: Low Power Systems on a Chip," in Proc. European Solid State Circuits Conf., 1998.

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G. Asada, M. Dong, T. Lin, F. Newberg, G. Pottie, W. Kaiser, and H. Marcy. Wireless integrated network sensors: Low power systems on a chip. In Proceedings of the European Solid States Conference, 1998.

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G. Asada, M. Dong, T.S. Lin, F. Newberg, G. Pottie, and W.J. Kaiser, "Wireless integrated network sensors: Low power systems on a chip," in Proc. ESSCIRC'98, 1998, pp. 9-16.

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G. Asada, T. Dong, F. Lin, G. Pottie, W. Kaiser, and H. Marcy. Wireless integrated network sensors: Low power systems on a chip, 1998.

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G. Asada, M. Dong, T.S. Lin, F. Newberg, G. Pottie, W.J. Kaiser, and H.O. Marcy. Wireless Integrated Network Sensors: Low Power Systems on a Chip. In Proceedings of the European Solid State Circuits Conference, 1998.

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