FLEMMING, E. Phonetic optimization: Compromise in speech production. In University of Maryland Working Papers in Linguistics (1997), vol. 5, pp. 72-91. See http://www.stanford.edu/lemming/. Home/Search Document Details and Download
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Quantitative measurement of prosodic strength in Mandarin - Kochanski, Shih, Jing (2003) (Correct)
....the correct tone on that syllable. Presumably, the listener can infer the tone from the surrounding con text. The concept that strength is related to how carefully speech is articulated was discussed by Browman and Goldstein [2] in the context of phoneme changes in casual speech. Flemming [14, 13] discusses optimization models with continuous parameters (into which class this model falls) and their relationship with Optimality Theory [47. Traditionally, prosodic strength is expressed as abstract categories S (strong) and W (weak) in metrical phonology [31] where one of the goals is to ....
FLEMMING, E. Phonetic optimization: Compromise in speech production. In University of Maryland Working Papers in Linguistics (1997), vol. 5, pp. 72-91. See http://www.stanford.edu/lemming/.
Scalar Representations in a Unified Model of Phonetics and.. - Flemming (1997) Self-citation (Edward) (Correct)
....of phonetic realization are subject to language specific variation (Keating 1985) 1 . 1 For evidence of language specific variation in the coarticulatory phenomena referred to by Chomsky and Halle, see for example Magen 1984, Manuel and Krakow 1984, Manuel 1990, Keating and Cohn 1988, and Flemming 1997. 2 As discussed by Keating (1985) this finding presents us with the following dilemma: Since standard phonological representations omit much language specific phonetic detail, we must either enrich phonological representations to include these details, or posit an additional, language specific ....
....are motivated by the same constraint implies constraint based analyses of phenomena involving phonetic detail, which is more novel. The workings of such an analysis will be demonstrated through a case study of assimilation in second formant frequency between consonants and vowels, adapted from Flemming (1997). In broad terms, the constraint based framework proposed for the analysis of phonetic detail is similar to Optimality Theoretic phonology, in that outputs are selected so as to best satisfy conflicting violable constraints. It differs in that the constraints must be formulated over ....
Flemming, Edward (1997). Phonetic optimization: Compromise in speech production.
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