R. Morris, E. Kohler, J. Jannotti, and M. F. Kaashoek. The Click modular router. In Proceedings of the 17th ACM Symposium on Operating Systems Principles (SOSP '99), pages 217--231, Kiawah Island, South Carolina, December 1999.  Home/Search   Document Details and Download   Summary   Related Articles   Check

....to zoom in into component and connector level. DiPS o ers three component communication mechanisms. First, the basic mechanism is forwarding packets between components via connectors. From such a pipe and lter architectural view point, DiPS can best be compared with the Click modular router [15]. Second, DiPS packets can be annotated with so called metainformation which can be inspected by other components. This results in a blackboard communication architecture for anonymous inter component communication. Finally, DiPS supports event based communication through speci c event ....

R. Morris, E. Kohler, J. Jannotti, and M. F. Kaashoek. The click modular router. In Proceedings of Symposium on Operating Systems Principles 1999.

....512 MB 7 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 time (sec) flow from remote LAN to UPENN test network Figure 5: Measuring one way delay between two networks memory, OpenBSD 2. 9 operating system except for the monitoring capacity experiments where we used the Click [19] code under Linux 2.2.14 on the sending host. The FLAME system, as well as the host shown above the switch use the Intel PRO 1000SC Gigabit NIC. The hosts below the switch have Alteon Acenic Gigabit NICs. The host router in the remote LAN is a 1 GHz Intel Pentium III and connects several hosts ....

Robert Morris, Eddie Kohler, John Jannotti, and M. Frans Kaashoek. The click modular router. In Symposium on Operating System Principles, pages 217--231, 1999.

....in massive, unstructured protocol stacks that are very hard to adapt. As a methodology for creating maintainable and customizable protocol stacks, a pipelined architectural style [4] has been proposed. Examples of pipeline protocol stack architectures are NetScript [1] Scout [14] and Click [13]. Such architecture forces a programmer to define basic protocol stack entities (called components) that process incoming packet streams. These components are plugged one after the other to create a functional system (such as a protocol stack) 2.2 Anonymous interaction model Additionally, ....

R. Morris, E. Kohler, J. Jannotti, and F. Kaashoek. The Click modular router. In Proceedings of the 17th ACM Symposium on Operating Systems Principles (SOSP '99), pages217-231, Kiawah Island, South Carolina, December 1999.

....are very common, such CAMs have smaller density than standard memories, dissipate more power, and require multiple entries to handle rules that specify ranges. Thus CAM solutions are still expensive for very large rule sets of say 100,000 rules, and are not practical for PC based routers [8]. Solutions based on caching [14] do not appear to work well in practice because of poor hit rates and small ow durations [12] and still need a fast classi er as a backup when the cache fails. Another practical solution is provided by a seminal paper that we refer to as the Lucent bit vector ....

R. Morris E. Kohler J. Jannotti and M. F. Kaashoek. The click modular router. In Proceedings of the 17th ACM Symposium on Operating Systems Principles, december 1999.

....TCP flag bits as part of the filter, a gateway program may for example receive all connection setup packets (with the SYN flag set) on a particular flow, but allow all established connections to be processed within the kernel router. Router plugins [Decasper98] and the Click router toolkit [Morris99] have been proposed to support a similar but lower level functionality in an extensible router, with modules implemented for various functions that a router may be required to perform, and connections set up between modules and the underlying platform. PAN [Nygren99] supports an active ....

....be passed to the video display module in order to be viewed by the user. The path mechanism in Scout allows modules to register interfaces; these interfaces may be used to connect modules together to form paths; this is similar to (but more extensible than) the connectable modules used by Click [Morris99] A router graph is generated to identify valid configurations of connected modules. By associating a particular level of resources with a path rather than with a network subsystem or the video display subsystem Scout attempts to o#er guarantees to particular activities. A further advantage ....

Robert Morris, Eddie Kohler, John Jannotti, and M. Frans Kaashoek. The Click Modular Router. In SOSP [SOS99], pages 217--231. (pp 27, 35) 179

....of THINK components across protection domains or networks. THINK does not employ wholeprogram optimization and relies on dynamic dispatch. We do not believe this model, with its associated runtime cost, is appropriate for network embedded systems. Other component oriented systems include Click [36], Scout [37] and the x kernel [17] These systems are more specialized than nesC and do not support wholeprogram optimization (apart from several optimizations in Click [24] or bidirectional interfaces. Traditional real time and embedded operating systems, such as VxWorks [51] QNX [42] and ....

R. Morris, E. Kohler, J. Jannotti, and M. F. Kaashoek. The Click Modular Router. In Proceedings of the ACM Symposium on Operating Systems Principles (SOSP), pages 217--231, 1999.

....that perform parallel linear search (e.g. 4] Such hardware solutions do not scale to large filter databases. Other solutions reported in literature that can be implemented in software (e.g. 9, 5] are either slow or take too much storage. With the advent of software based routers (e.g. [7]) which are typically aimed at the edge router space where classification is particularly important, it is necessary to find software techniques for fast firewall implementations. There is evidence that the general filter problem is a hard problem, and requires either O(N ) memory or #( log ....

R. Morris, E. Kohler, J. Jannotti, M. F. Kaashoek. The Click Modular Router. In 17th ACM Symposium on Operating Systems Principles, Dec. 1999.

....technique is termed hybrid because of the combination of dynamic and static methods. We have developed a prototype of the key parts of hybrid resource control in an environment for active extensions, called RBClick, Resource Bounded Click. RBClick is an extension of the Click modular router [4], implemented in Janos, an active network operating system [5] that was originally designed to achieve resource control only through sandboxing. Active extensions in RBClick are Click graphs involving both trusted and untrusted elements. Trusted elements are taken from a base version of Click, ....

....programming language need not be overly constrained. For example, the restrictions we impose in RBCyclone in section IV C, are not too constraining for many interesting classes of active extensions. To support this argument, we manually studied all the elements of a particular version of Click [4] and found that all elements can be statically bounded in their resource usage. More details of this study are discussed in section V. IV. RESOURCE BOUNDED CLICK RBCLICK In this section, we present the design of RBClick, an active network environment for best effort active extensions, which ....

[Article contains additional citation context not shown here]

R. Morris, E. Kohler, J. Jannotti, and M. F. Kaashoek, "The Click modular router," in Proceedings of the 17th ACM Symposium on Operating Systems Principles, 1999, pp. 217--231.

....of [6] that prevents misbehaving or runaway extensions from compromising the router kernel, while keeping protection domain crossing overhead to the minimum. In addition to memory protection, Panama also supports performance isolation through real time packet computation scheduling. Click [15] is a recently proposed modular software architecture for routers based upon general purpose PCs. Two important features of this architecture are pull processing and flow based router context. Pull processing decouples the source and the sink of a packet forwarding path by allowing the sink to ....

R. Morris, E. Kohler, J. Jannotti, M. F. Kaashoek; "The Click Modular Router"; Proc. ACM SOSP 1999.

....a Proboscis a data access path to a storage device. The current set of code modules allows a node in the cluster to construct Proboscises that provide access to a remote storage device as a local storage device. Presently, the framework does not support dynamic reconfiguration. Previous research [27, 26] has shown that modular approaches can be efficient, and as the Proboscis extensions are coarsegrained, e.g. an access control extension, the overhead due to modularity is low. The current extensions implement a block based view of the storage devices, but other views, e.g. object based ....

R. Morris, B. Kohler, J. Janotti, and M. F. Kaashoek. The Click modular router. In Proc. of the 17th Symposium on Operating Systems Principles, pages 217--231, Dec. 1999.

....to help structure kernel functionality, namely a resource management framework and a communication framework. The resource management framework is original, whereas the communication framework is inspired by the x kernel [11] Other operating system level component based frameworks include Click [18], Ensemble [15] and Scout [19] These frameworks, however, are more specialized than THINK or OSKit: Click targets the construction of modular routers, Ensemble and Scout target the construction of communication protocol stacks. We thus believe that THINK is unique in its introduction and ....

R. Morris, E. Kohler, J. Jannotti, and M. F. Kaashoek. The Click Modular Router. In SOSP'99 [30].

....ISPs often require their equipment to be flexible and easily upgradable for instance, ready to work with IPv6 which is why a programmable non ASIC approach in building IP routers wins. 2. 4 Software Routers on General Purpose Processors Another approach was explored in the Click Router [14, 10]. The idea was to build a software router running on a general purpose architecture that would be flexible, configurable, and cheap. Unfortunately, conventional general purpose processors do not provide enough of input output bandwidth to carry out multigigabit routing, which is why most fast ....

Robert Morris, Eddie Kohler, John Jannotti, and M. Frans Kaashoek. The Click Modular Router. In Proceedings of the Symposium on Operating Systems Principles, pages 217--231, 1999.

....Networks Summit 1i switch. The switch provides port mirroring to allow any of its links to be monitored by the FLAME system on one of the PCs. All PCs are 1 GHz Intel Pentium III with 512 MB memory, OpenBSD 2. 9 operating system except for the monitoring capacity experiments where we used the Click [21] code under Linux 2.2.14 on the sending host. The FLAME system, as well as the host shown above the switch use the Intel PRO 1000SC Gigabit NIC. The hosts below the switch in Figure 3 have Alteon Acenic Gigabit NICs. The host router in the remote LAN is a 1 GHz Intel Pentium III and connects ....

R. Morris, E. Kohler, J. Jannotti, and M. F. Kaashoek. The click modular router. In Proceedings of the 17th ACM Symposium on Operating System Principles (SOSP), pages 217--231, December 1999. 11

....Furthermore, the use of fine grained components with simple specifications can make a system easier to understand. Because of its requirements for flexibility and extensibility, and its di#culty, networking software has been a popular field for the application of component techniques [6, 8, 9, 11, 13, 15]. Networks get faster at an even greater rate than processors, however, making the e#ciency of networking software ever more important. Even as component systems make networking software easier to program, component techniques introduce ine#ciencies that monolithic softPermission to make digital ....

....the cost of communication between components. Dead code elimination, instruction or component selection, and inlining also have obvious applications. Starting from this principle, we have developed several optimizers for Click, a system for building extensible routers from modular components [11]. The optimizers read Click router configurations on standard input, analyze and transform them in various ways, and write the optimized configurations to standard output. They are thus easily combined, much like compiler optimization passes, but unlike compiler optimization passes, they work ....

[Article contains additional citation context not shown here]

Robert Morris, Eddie Kohler, Benjie Chen, John Jannotti, and M. Frans Kaashoek. The Click modular router. ACM Trans. Computer Systems, 18(3):263--297, August 2000.

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R. Morris, E. Kohler, J. Jannotti, and M. F. Kaashoek. The Click modular router. In Proceedings of the 17th ACM Symposium on Operating Systems Principles (SOSP '99), pages 217--231, Kiawah Island, South Carolina, December 1999.

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R. Morris, K. E., J. Jannoti, and M. Kaashoek. The Click Modular Router. In 17th ACM Symposium on Operating Systems Principles (SOSP'99), Charleston, SC, USA, December 1999.

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R. Morris, E. Kohler, J. Jannotti, and M. F. Kaashoek. The Click modular router. In Proceedings of the 17th ACM Symposium on Operating Systems Principles (SOSP '99), pages 217--231, Kiawah Island, South Carolina, December 1999.

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R. Morris, E. Kohler, J. Jannotti, and M. F. Kaashoek. The Click modular router. In Proceedings of the 17th ACM Symposium on Operating Systems Principles, pages 217--231, Dec. 1999.

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R. Morris, E. Kohler, J. Jannotti, and M. F. Kaashoek. The Click Modular Router. In Proceedings of the Symposium on Operating Systems Principles, pages 217--231, 1999.

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R. Morris, E. Kohler, J. Jannotti and M. F. Kaashoek, "The Click modular router", In Proc. 17-th Symposium on Operating Systems Principles, pages 217-231, 1999.

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R. Morris, E. Kohler, J. Jannotti, and M. F. Kaashoek. The Click modular router. In Proceedings of the 17th ACM Symposium on Operating Systems Principles, pages 217--231, Dec. 1999.

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Robert Morris, Eddie Kohler, John Jannotti, and M. Frans Kaashoek. The Click modular router. In Symposium on Operating Systems Principles, pages 217-231, 1999.

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Robert Morris, Eddie Kohler, John Jannotti, and M. Frans Kaashoek. The click modular router. In Proceedings of the Seventeenth ACM Symposium on Operating Systems Principles, pages 217--231, Kiawah Island, SC, U.S.A., December 1999. ACM SIGOPS. 156.

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R. Morris, E. Kohler, J. Jannotti, and M. F. Kaashoek. The Click modular router. In Proceedings of the 17th ACM December 1999.

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Robert Morris, Eddie Kohler, John Jannotti, and M. Frans Kaashoek. The click modular router. In Proceedings of the 17th ACM Symposium on Operating System Principles (SOSP), pages 217-231, December 1999.

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