B. A. Huberman and L. A. Adamic. Growth dynamics of the world-wide web. Nature, 399:131, 1999.  Home/Search   Document Not in Database   Summary   Related Articles   Check

.... G(n; p) We remark that many massive graphs that arise in the studies of the Internet share many similar aspects with random graphs, although there are signi cant di erences (e.g. there can be vertices with large degrees in a sparse massive graph) Nevertheless, many of the methods and ideas [1, 2, 3, 4, 6] that are used in modeling and analyzing massive graphs have been frequently traced to the seminal papers of Erd os and R enyi [12] in 1959. In this paper, we determine the diameter of a sparse random graph for various ranges of p. These techniques and methods can also be used to examine the ....

L. A. Adamic and B. A. Huberman, Growth dynamics of the World Wide Web, Nature , 401, September 9, 1999, pp. 131.

....This distribution holds for th majority of our Gnutella network measurements, regardless of the time when they were taken, with a constant c in the range 0.8 to 0.95. This result is only partially surprising as the power law is manifest in a large number of instances in the WWW and Internet world [1,9,12]: the number of pages served by an HTTP server, the number of hits received by an HTTP server, the number of in out links from a Web page, and the number of network connections to an Internet host are all distributed according to a power law. Moreover, there are strong similarities between ....

B. Huberman and L. Adamic, Growth dynamics of the World-Wide Web, in Nature, 399 (1999) p130.

....input and output data correspondence for a system , without explicitly addressing the rationale of underlying mechanisms. In [6] a random network model with growth and preferential attachment factors is proposed that produces a power distribution of link number over websites or pages. Huberman [25] showed that the power law distribution of page number over various websites can be characterized based on a stochastic multiplicative growth model coupled by the fact that websites appear at different times and or grow at different rates. He also presented a randomwalk model to simulate user ....

....Thus, the probability of agent foraging depth slowly decreases. It is interesting to observe from Figures 1(b) and 2(b) that the distributions of link click frequency exhibit a power law. A very similar result on the distribution of website popularity has been empirically observed and reported in [25]. 12 Number of agents 5,000 Number of nodes 254 h 0.8 Table 1: The parameters for Experiment 1. b) Figure 1: Recurrent agents in Experiment 1. a) Cumulative distribution of agent foraging depth (step) where ; n 9 and the residual of ....

B. A. Huberman and L. A. Adamic. Growth dynamics of the world-wide web. Nature, 410:131, September 9, 1999.

....to evolve. 1.1 Why Power Laws Barabsi et al. 9, 10] and Medina et al. 24] stated that preferential connectivity and incremental growth are both required for the power law distribution observed in the web. The importance of the preferential connectivity has been shown by several researchers [8, 16]. Faloutsos et al. 15] observed that the internet topology exhibits power law distribution in the form of y x . When studying web characteristics, the documents can be viewed as vertices in a graph and the hyper links as edges between them. Various researchers [7, 8, 19, 22] have independently ....

....in a graph and the hyper links as edges between them. Various researchers [7, 8, 19, 22] have independently showed the power law distribution in the degree sequence Dept. Inf. 85 Comp. Sci. UC Irvine, CA 92697 3425, USA, eppstein,josephw ics.uci.edu. of the web graphs. Huberman and Adamic [5, 16] showed a power law distribution in the web site sizes. See [20] for a summary of works on the web structure. Medina et al. 24] showed that topologies generated by two widely used generators the Waxman model [32] and the GT ITM tool [la] do not have power law distribution in their degree ....

HUBERMAN, B., AND ADAMIC, L. Growth dynamics of the world-Wide web. Science 301 (September 1999), 131-131.

....how some of these results can be used to improve search engine quality. In addition to size and rapid change, the interlinked nature of the Web sets it apart from many other collections. Several studies aim to understand how the Web s linkage is structured and how that structure can be modeled [11, 5, 2, 36, 17]. One recent study, for example, suggests that the link structure of the Web is somewhat like a bow tie [11] That is, about 28 of the pages constitute a strongly connected core (the center of the bow tie) About 22 form one of the tie s loops: these are pages that can be reached from the core ....

Bernardo A. Huberman and Lada A. Adamic. Growth dynamics of the World-Wide Web. Nature, 401(6749), September 1999.

....computing. In a natural way, massive graphs that arise in the studies of the Internet share many similar aspects with random graphs, although there are significant di#erences (e.g. there can be vertices with large degrees in a sparse massive graph) Nevertheless, many of the methods and ideas [1, 2, 3, 5, 7] that are used in modeling and analyzing massive graphs have beenf# equently traced to the seminal papers of Erdos and Renyi [13] in 1959. One topic of considerable interest is to determine the diameter of a sparse random graph. These techniques and methods can also be used to examine the diameter ....

L. A. Adamic and B. A. Huberman, Growth dynamics of the World Wide Web, Nature , 401, September 9, 1999, pp. 131.

.... of researchers by looking at their patterns of linking to each others pages [27] Most Web researchers analyzed the Web graph structure in order to improve the quality of Web search, including its precision [12, 19, 26, 30, 68, 100] Other studies of the link structure of the Web include [3, 6, 42, 62]. 12 1.8 Crawl Technology From the previous sections, it must be obvious that a Web crawler is needed in order to build collections of Web materials. This section talks about crawlers. According to Belew [7] the design of Web crawlers is one of the most active areas in computer science ....

B. A. Huberman and L. A. Admic. Growth dynamics of the World Wide Web. Nature, 401(6749), Sept. 1999.

....included within the database. Some disciplines observe a slight exponential growth rate in their literatures, which would be reflected in the number of records included within the system. Growth of the World Wide Web, as an example of a very large information system, has recently been studied (Huberman Adamic, 1999). Applications to IR System Design and Evaluation There are many applications of informetric studies within IR. To date, these applications have not been fully explored in IR system research. This is changing with the greater accessibility to large quantities of data related to the internal ....

....appropriate estimation of a Zipf variable may be used to determine the maximum size of a postings list within a postings file. Such knowledge would provide the systems manager with an indication of future space requirements and when additional indexers may be needed to index new entries. Recently, Huberman Adamic (1999) examined models for the growth of the World Wide Web and its implications for finding information on the Web. Sampson and Bendell (1985) discussed how knowledge of the Zipfian distribution of index terms could be used in database performance modeling of secondary (non unique) indexes. With ....

Huberman, B. A. & Adamic, L. A. (1999). Growth dynamics of the World Wide Web. Nature, 401, 131-133.

....most pairs of nodes. In this paper we demonstrate that such error tolerance is not shared by all redundant systems, but it is displayed only by a class of inhomogeneously wired networks, called scale free networks. We nd that scale free networks, describing a number of systems, such as the www [3 5], Internet [6] social networks [7] or a cell [8] display an unexpected degree of robustness, the ability of their nodes to communicate being una ected by even unrealistically high failure rates. However, this error tolerance comes at a high price: these networks are extremely vulnerable to ....

....exponential networks are the random graph model of Erd os and R enyi [10,9] and the small world model of Watts and Strogatz [11] both leading to a fairly homogeneous network, in which each node has approximately the same number of links, k hki. In contrast, results on the world wide web (www) [3 5], Internet [6] and other large networks [17 19] indicate that many systems belong to a class of inhomogeneous networks, referred to as scale free networks, for which P (k) decays as a power law, i.e. P (k) k , free of a characteristic scale. While the probability that a node has a very large ....

Huberman, B. A. & Adamic, L. A. Growth dynamics of the World-Wide Web, Nature 401, 131 (1999).

....et al.: 6] provide evidence but not convincing possible causes for the existence of power laws P1 P4 in Internet topologies. Recently in [1] power law P2 has also been observed in the topology of the World Wide Web. Here the nodes are documents and the links are hyperlinks. Huberman and Adamic [7] observe that the relationship between the number of web pages and the different web sites also follows a power law many sites have only a few pages, while very few sites have hundreds of thousands of pages. This may be viewed as equivalent to power law P1 in Internet topologies. Using a ....

....have a high degree of clustering. Thus, models that would generate topologies, where nodes are distributed in space according to a skewed (e.g. heavy tailed) distribution, appear more realistic. This, for example, mirrors the skewed distribution of human population or web pages over web sites [7]. Another possible cause for power laws is the tendency of a new node to connect to existing node(s) that are close by in distance. Figure 2 shows a snapshot of a section of a topology (without links) in which nodes were placed randomly or according to a heavytailed distribution. The motivation ....

B. A. Huberman and L. A. Adamic. Growth Dynamics of the World-Wide Web. Nature, page 131, September 1999.

....using commonly used tools. 7] provides evidence but not convincing possible causes for the existence of power laws P1 P4 in Internet topologies. Recently in [1] power law P2 has also been observed in the topology of the World Wide Web. Here the nodes are documents and the links are hyperlinks. [8] observes that the relationship between the number of web pages and the di erent web sites also follows a power law many sites have only a few pages, while very few sites have hundreds of thousands of pages. This may be viewed as equivalent to power law P1 in Internet topologies. Using a ....

....between the number of web pages and the di erent web sites also follows a power law many sites have only a few pages, while very few sites have hundreds of thousands of pages. This may be viewed as equivalent to power law P1 in Internet topologies. Using a stochastic dynamical growth model, [8] demonstrates that the power laws arise when sites grow at the same average rate, thus sites that are large become larger over time. 2] suggests two possible causes for power law P2 in any network topology: incremental growth and preferential connectivity. Incremental growth refers to open ....

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Bernardo A. Huberman and Lada A. Adamic. Growth Dynamics of the World-Wide Web. Nature, page 131, September 1999. 21

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B. A. Huberman and L. A. Adamic. Growth dynamics of the world-wide web. Nature, 399:131, 1999.

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B. A. Huberman and L. A. Adamic. Growth dynamics of the world-wide web. Nature, 399:131, 1999.

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B. A. Huberman and L. A. Adamic. Growth dynamics of the world-wide web. Nature, 399:131, 1999.

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B. A. Huberman and L. A. Adamic. Growth dynamics of the world-wide web. Nature, 399:131, 1999.

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B. A. Huberman and L. A. Adamic. Growth dynamics of the world-wide web. Nature, 399:131, 1999.

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B. A. Huberman and L. A. Adamic. Growth dynamics of the world-wide web. Nature, 399:131, 1999.

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HUBERMAN, B., AND ADAMIC, L. Growth dynamics of the world wide web. Science (1999).

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B. A. Huberman and L. A. Adamic. Growth dynamics of the World-Wide Web. Nature, 401(6749):131, September 1999.

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18 Huberman, B. A. and Adamic, L. A. (1999): Growth Dynamics of the WorldWide Web. Nature, 410:131, September 9.

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B. A. Huberman and L. A. Adamic. Growth dynamics of the worldwide web. Nature, 401:131--132, 1999.

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B.A. Huberman and L.A. Adamic, "Growth dynamics of the world-wide web," Nature 401, 131 (1999).

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L. A. Adamic and B. A. Huberman, Growth dynamics of the World Wide Web, Nature , 401, September 9, 1999, pp. 131.

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L. A. Adamic and B. A. Huberman, Growth dynamics of the World Wide Web, Nature , 401, September 9, 1999, pp. 131.

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L. A. Adamic and B. A. Huberman, Growth dynamics of the World Wide Web, Nature , 401, September 9, 1999, pp. 131.

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