Dawkins, Richard, The Extended Phenotype: The long reach of the gene, Oxford U. Press 1990.  Home/Search   Document Not in Database   Summary   Related Articles   Check

.... toys for boys and who is going to pay for them Don t even well intentioned academics and engineers often naively envision a world populated only by their clones And so forth. Lest the reader discount the present approach as an idealistic one, we stress that we are aware of what anthropologists[38, 17] like to remind us of, namely, that in any country the average individual in its adult form, rather than a noble savage, is, in plain words, ignorant, greedy, gullible, and lazy. A more neutral term for all this would perhaps be resistant to change beyond the age of social ....

....is tied to my successful adaptation to my environment. Similarly, my supermarket s database serves the supermarket in its environment. As a rule, we as individuals cannot expect that organizations, social groups, and, in general, any structures that have to make a living in order to persist[17], will primarily care about our own individual well being though they may happen to do so when their success is correlated with ours. Our point is that, at bottom, the ultimate custodian and judge of an individual s well being can only be the individual itself. If good models of the world are ....

Dawkins, Richard, The Extended Phenotype: The long reach of the gene, Oxford U. Press 1990.

....c designs. Di erent trajectories may start in the same region of design space and then diverge, either because of cumulative e ects of very small initial di erences or because of di erent environmental in uences. The instances of such designs will have ill de ned boundaries, since, as Dawkins [4] and others have pointed out, the genotype a ects not only the individual s physical and behavioural capabilities but also typical products of its behaviour, such as nests, tools, paths, furniture, etc. For our present purposes, it is not necessary to be precise about the boundaries of instances ....

Dawkins, R.: The Extended Phenotype: The long reach of the gene. Oxford University Press, Oxford, New York, 1982.

.... toys for boys and who is going to pay for them Don t even well intentioned academics and engineers often naively envision a world populated only by their clones And so forth. Lest the reader discount the present approach as an idealistic one, we note that we are aware of what anthropologists[25, 14] like to remind us of, namely, that in any country the average individual in its adult form, rather than a noble savage , is better depicted as ignorant, greedy, gullible, and lazy . A more neutral term for all this would perhaps be resistant to change beyond the age of social imprinting which ....

....is tied to my successful adaptation to my environment. Similarly, my supermarket s database serves the supermarket in its environment. As a rule, we as individuals cannot expect that organizations, social groups, and, in general, any structures that have to make a living in order to persist[14], will primarily care about our own individual well being though they may happen to do so when their success is positively correlated with ours. Our point is that, at bottom, the ultimate custodian and judge of an individual s well being can only be the individual itself. If good models of the ....

Dawkins, Richard, The Extended Phenotype: The Long Reach of the Gene, Oxford Univ. Press (1990), 307 pp.

....don t have a nucleus) for the sake of gas transport eciency, and sperms agree to leave behind their mitochondria on entering the egg. the legal machinery that makes this contract operative is embodied by a more subtle form of symbiosis, that is, the complex relationship between genome and soma (Dawkins 1990, Ridley 1995) Less widely appreciated is the symbiosis between different bacteria, which, established early in the history of life, soon gave rise to the eukaryotic cell (Margulis 1995) The establishment of a Symbiosis is an inversion of the mechanism which is central to so many arti cial ....

.... of a variable or hierarchical tness function without the costs of having to design it (cf. Smith 1776) the catch, of course, is that one has no idea where the whole process is headed (Schmookler 1993) To proceed even further on this theme, cultural evolution, with novel reproductive mechanisms (Dawkins 1990), is superposed on ordinary genetic evolution and maintains an intimate relationship with it (Plotkin 1993) Finally, sociality and culture come together in large human organizations. Some of these organizations may enjoy enough distinctness, permanence, and speci c reactivity to qualify as ....

Dawkins, Richard, The Extended Phenotype: The Long Reach of the Gene, Oxford Univ. Press (1990).

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