R. Malli, X. Zhang, and C. Qiao, "Benefit of multicasting in all-optical networks," in SPIE Proc. Conf. All-Optical Networking, vol. 2531, Nov. 1998, pp. 209--220.  Home/Search   Document Details and Download   Summary   Related Articles   Check

....structure. Compare that with a separate transmission from the source of the optical signal to each and every destination. A node in the network which has the ability of replicating any input signal on any wavelength to any subset of output fibers is referred to as a Multicast Capable (MC) node [3]. On the other hand, a node which has the ability to tap into the signal and forward it to only one output is called a Multicast Incapable (MI) node [3] Routing unicast connections requires determining a path from the source of the optical signal to its destination. Similarly, Manuscript ....

.... has the ability of replicating any input signal on any wavelength to any subset of output fibers is referred to as a Multicast Capable (MC) node [3] On the other hand, a node which has the ability to tap into the signal and forward it to only one output is called a Multicast Incapable (MI) node [3]. Routing unicast connections requires determining a path from the source of the optical signal to its destination. Similarly, Manuscript received April 3, 2000; revised August 21, 2000. The authors are with the Department of Computer Science Engineering, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE ....

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R. Malli, X. Zhang, and C. Qiao, "Benefit of multicasting in all-optical networks," in SPIE Proc. Conf. All-Optical Networking, vol. 2531, Nov. 1998, pp. 209--220.

....architecture of multicast capable 7 wavelength routing switch using a splitter bank. Recent focus on the performance study of multicasting optical networks emerged mainly out of two papers that were published on the Proceedings of the SPIE The International Society for Optical Engineering (1998) [18, 9]. In Sahin and Azizoglu s study [18] given that each node in a WDM network possesses full splitting capability but no wavelength conversion capability, the multicasting call blocking probability as a function of network load was investigated. The multicast trees were constructed statically or ....

....more evident with increasing destination size of the multicast session and with decreasing number of wavelengths. The multicasting performance increased significantly under partial blocking policy by combining the advantages of multicasting and unicasting. In the study by Malli , Zhang, and Qiao [9], given that each node in the network is equipped with full splitting capability but no wavelength conversion capability, the benefit of bandwidth saving and reduction in the number of wavelengths required for a multicasting session using multicast tree was compared with using the unicasting ....

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R. Malli, X. Zhang, and C. Qiao, "Benefit of Multicasting in All-Optical Networks", Proceedings of the SPIE-The International Society for Optical Engineering, vol. 3531, pp. 209--220, Nov. 1998.

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R. Malli, X. Zhang and C. Qiao. Benefits of Multicasting In All-Optical Networks. In SPIE Proceedings, All-Optical Networking, pages 209-- 220, Nov. 1998.

....(i.e. wavelength routed paths) from the multicast source to each destination (which will be used interchangeably with the term member hereafter) as in Fig. 1(b) However, this is equivalent to having multiple unicasts (i.e. one to one connections) in a WDM network. In a previous study [11], we have found that using the second scheme, the network bandwidth consumed by 0733 8724 00 10.00 2000 IEEE 1918 JOURNAL OF LIGHTWAVE TECHNOLOGY, VOL. 18, NO. 12, DECEMBER 2000 a large multicast session (i.e. containing many members) may become unacceptable. In this paper, we focus on the ....

....to build than those without (see Figs. 2 and 3 and related discussion) Due to this and other (e.g. evolutional) reasons, one must consider the constraints on the splitting capability of the switches in a practical network. One of the constraints considered in this paper is sparse splitting [11], which means that only Fig. 2. An example architecture of multicast incapable switches. Fig. 3. An example architecture of multicast capable switches. a subset of the switches in a WDM network supports light splitting. Such a constraint invalidates the basic assumption made by previously ....

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R. Malli, X. Zhang, and C. Qiao, "Benefits of multicasting in all-optical networks," in SPIE Proceedings, All Optical Networking, Nov. 1998, pp. 209--220.

....can be avoided by constructing a virtual topology consisting of a set of lightpaths (i.e. wavelength routed paths) from the multicast source to each destination (see Figure 1 (b) However, this is equivalent to have INFOCOM 2000 101 multiple unicast in a WDM network. In a previous study [10], we have found that for large multicast groups, the network bandwidth consumed by such a scheme may become unacceptable. In the third scheme (see Figure 1 (c) multicast is supported at the WDM layer by making copies of data packets in the optical domain via light splitting. Since transmissions ....

....1 (c) multicast is supported at the WDM layer by making copies of data packets in the optical domain via light splitting. Since transmissions to different destinations can share bandwidth on common links, this scheme is more desirable due to significant bandwidth savings over the second one [10]. A multicast tree at the WDM layer is called a light tree [12] In general, supporting multicast at the WDM layer has several potential advantages. First, with the knowledge of the physical (optical layer) topology, which may not be the same as that seen at the upper electronic layer, more ....

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R. Malli, X. Zhang, and C. Qiao. Benefits of multicasting in all-optical networks. In SPIE Proceedings, All Optical Networking, pages 209--220, November 1998.

....incapable of switching an incoming signal to more than one output interface. An approach to WDM multicasting based on wavelength routing, which constructs a multicast forest for each multicast session so that multicast incapable WDM switches do not need to multicast, was proposed and evaluated in [5]. Such an approach requires global knowledge of the WDM layer. In this paper, we study WDM multicasting in an IP over WDM network under the framework of Multiprotocol Label Switching (MPLS) 10, 11] using optical burst label switching (OBS OLS) 6] We propose a protocol which modifies a multicast ....

.... of lightpaths (i.e. wavelength routes) from the multicast source to each destination of the multicast session (see Figure 1(b) However, for large multicast groups, the network bandwidth consumed by such a scheme may become unacceptable because of the unicasting nature of the lightpaths [5]. Accordingly, true multicasting at the WDM layer by taking advantage of the power splitting (or multicasting) capability of the WDM switches is desirable (see Figure 1(c) WDM multicasting has several potential advantages. First, with the knowledge of the physical (i.e. WDM layer) topology, ....

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R. Malli, X. Zhang and C. Qiao, "Benefits of Multicasting in All-optical Networks," Proc. of SPIE, All-optical Networking, Vol. 3531, pp. 209-220, Nov. 1998.

....(by IP) for multicasting purposes. Finally, multicasting at the WDM layer provides a higher degree of data transparency (in terms of bit rate and coding format) In particular, it has been shown that the tremendous bandwidth saving and reduction in wavelengths can be achieved using WDM multicast [11]. This research is supported in part by a grant from NSF under contract number ANIR 9801778. 1 light splitting S S S D1 D1 D1 D2 D2 D2 (a) Multicasting in IP layer only (c) WDM multicasting WDM switch l2 I1 (b) IP multicasting via WDM Unicasting I2 IP router l1 Figure 1: ....

....S S S D1 D1 D1 D2 D2 D2 (a) Multicasting in IP layer only (c) WDM multicasting WDM switch l2 I1 (b) IP multicasting via WDM Unicasting I2 IP router l1 Figure 1: Multicasting on IP over WDM networks. There are two WDM multicasting approaches, one based on wavelength routing as in [11, 12, 13, 14], and the other based on optical burst switching (OBS) 6, 15] as in [10, 16] In the former, a wavelength needs to be dedicated to each branch of a multicast tree and multicast data will be switched to one or more outgoing wavelengths according to the incoming wavelength that carries the data (as ....

R. Malli, X. Zhang and C. Qiao, "Benefits of Multicasting In All-Optical Networks," Proc. of SPIE, All-Optical Networking, pp. 209--220, Nov. 1998.

....more popular and important in the Internet. Multicasting in IP over WDM networks can be done via IP multicast, multiple WDM unicast, or WDM multicast [4] In this paper, we will concentrate mainly on WDM multicast. There are two WDM multicasting approaches, one based on wavelength routing as in [5, 11, 7], and the other based on optical burst switching (OBS) 8, 10] as in [4, 15] In the former, multicast data will be switched to one or more outgoing wavelengths according to the incoming wavelength that carries it (as in wavelength routing) In other words, a wavelength needs to be dedicated to ....

....essentially gets a free ride for GBs. By doing so, the control overhead can be reduced since the GB can be shared by both traffic types in a longer burst, and in addition, the number of control packets also decreases. Hence, although M UCAST wastes bandwidth for multicast traffic (see e.g. [11]) it is possible that under certain network conditions (and in particular, dependingon the GB size) M UCAST for multicast traffic is better than S MCAST (see Section 4) In TS MCAST, if there is a certain degree of membership overlap or some special relation between multicast sessions in H i ....

R. Malli, X. Zhang and C. Qiao. Benefits of Multicasting In All-Optical Networks. In SPIE Proceedings, All-Optical Networking, pages 209-- 220, Nov. 1998.

....to do light splitting than copying IP datagrams in electronics; 3) Performing multicast in optics provides consistent support of format and bit rate transparencies across both unicast and multicast transmissions. Research on WDM multicast begun only recently. The main focus of the work in [10, 16, 17] is that given the network topology and the multicast membership information, how to construct a wavelength routed WDM multicast tree in order to lower the dropping blocking probability, utilize the bandwidth more efficiently, and or reduce the number of electronic components. In a wavelength ....

....an input can only be split to limited number of outputs and only a subset of the input signals can be split simultaneously. Note that, hereafter, we consider drop and continue as a special case of limited splitting, and we assume that every switch can support this. Based on previous study [10], we also note that it may not be necessary for all the switches to be multicast capable to support multicast efficiently. In IP multicast, multicast capable means having the multicast routing protocol running, and IP datagrams are only replicated when the paths to different routers diverge. At ....

R. Malli, X. Zhang, and C. Qiao. Benefits of multicasting in all-optical networks. In SPIE Proceedings, All Optical Networking, pages 209--220, November 1998.

....consisting of a set of lightpaths (i.e. wavelength routed paths) from the multicast source to each destination (which will be used interchangeably with the term member hereafter) as in Figure 1 (b) However, this is equivalent to having multiple unicasts in a WDM network. In a previous study [10], we have found that using the second scheme, the network bandwidth consumed by a large multicast session (i.e. containing many members) may become unacceptable. In this paper. we focus on the third scheme (see Figure 1 (c) where multicast is supported at the WDM layer by letting WDM switches ....

....splitting capability are usually more expensive to build than those without. Due to this and other (e.g. evolutional) reasons, one must consider the constraints on the splitting capability of the switches in a practical network. One of the constraints considered in this paper is sparse splitting [10], which means that only a subset of the switches in a WDM network supports light splitting. Such a constraint invalidates the basic assumption made by previously proposed multicast tree formation algorithms in the literature including [15] that any node can be a branching point of a multicast ....

[Article contains additional citation context not shown here]

R. Malli, X. Zhang, and C. Qiao. Benefits of multicasting in all-optical networks. In SPIE Proceedings, All Optical Networking, pages 209--220, November 1998.

....incapable of switching an incoming signal to more than one output interface. An approach to WDM multicasting based on wavelength routing, which constructs a multicast forest for each multicast session so that multicast incapable WDM switches do not need to multicast, was proposed and evaluated in [5]. Such an approach requires global knowledge of the WDM layer. In this paper, we study WDM multicasting in an IP over WDM network under the framework of Multiprotocol Label Switching (MPLS) 10, 11] using optical burst label switching (OBS OLS) 6] We propose a protocol which modifies a multicast ....

....of lightpaths (i.e. wavelength routes) from the multicast source to each destination of the multicast session (see Figure 1. b) However, for large multicast groups, the network bandwidth consumed by such a scheme may become unacceptable because of the unicasting nature of the lightpaths [5]. Accordingly, true multicasting at the WDM layer by taking advantage of the power splitting (or multicasting) capability of the WDM switches is desirable (see Figure 1. c) WDM multicasting has several potential advantages. First, with the knowledge of the physical (i.e. WDM layer) topology, ....

[Article contains additional citation context not shown here]

R. Malli, X. Zhang and C. Qiao, "Benefits of Multicasting in All-optical Networks," Proc. of SPIE, Alloptical Networking, Vol. 3531, pp. 209-220, Nov. 1998.

No context found.

R. Malli, X. Zhang, and C. Qiao, "Benefit of multicasting in all-optical networks," in SPIE Proc. Conf. All-Optical Networking, vol. 2531, Nov. 1998, pp. 209--220.

No context found.

R. Malli, X. Zhang, and C. Qiao, "Benefit of multicasting in all-optical networks," in SPIE Proc. Conf. All-Optical Networking, vol. 2531, Nov. 1998, pp. 209--220.

No context found.

R. Malli, X. Zhang, and C. Qiao, "Benefit of multicasting in all-optical networks," in Proc. SPIE Conf. All-Optical Networks, vol. 3531, Boston, MA, Nov. 1998, pp. 209--220.

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