W. Tan and A. Zakhor, "Error control for video multicast using hierarchical fec," in Proc. 6th Int. Conf. Image Processing (ICIP), vol. 1, Oct. 1999, pp. 401--405.  Home/Search   Document Not in Database   Summary   Related Articles   Check

.... codec modifies the bit stream in such a way that the decoded video degrades more gracefully in lossy environments[1, 2, 3] From channel coding perspective, Forward Error Correction (FEC) techniques have been proposed to reduce delay due to retransmission at the expense of increased bit rate [4, 5]. From protocol perspective, there are approaches based on multicast [5, 6] and TCP friendly protocols [1] for streaming multimedia data over the Internet. Multicast reduces the network bandwidth by not sending duplicate packets on the same physical link [6] but it is only appropriate for ....

.... more gracefully in lossy environments[1, 2, 3] From channel coding perspective, Forward Error Correction (FEC) techniques have been proposed to reduce delay due to retransmission at the expense of increased bit rate [4, 5] From protocol perspective, there are approaches based on multicast [5, 6] and TCP friendly protocols [1] for streaming multimedia data over the Internet. Multicast reduces the network bandwidth by not sending duplicate packets on the same physical link [6] but it is only appropriate for situations with one sender and many receivers. Meanwhile, TCP friendly protocols ....

W. Tan and A. Zakhor, "Error control for video multicast using hierarchical fec," in Proceedings of 6th International Conference on Image Processing, October 1999, pp. 401--405.

....and subscribe to the corresponding layers. Receivers simply adjust their subscription level to the rate given by the equation that models the throughput of an equivalent TCP session (The Layered Transmission Scheme (LTS) proposed in [8] and the TCP Friendly Transport Protocol (TFRP) proposed in [9]) 2.2 Hybrid Source Receiver Mechanisms Source driven mechanisms try to accommodate all receivers with a single rate stream. The source determines this rate, by aggregating receiver feedbacks values. There is a trade off, in choosing the single rate that optimally satisfies the majority of the ....

W. Tan and A. Zakhor, "Error control for video multicast using hierarchical fec," Proc. International Conference on Image Processing,, Oct. 1999.

....as to how loss rate and round trip times are determined. 5.1.5 LTS and TFRP Two similar congestion control protocols for the transmission of video streams are presented by Turletti et al. and Tan and Zakhor. The Layered Transmission Scheme (LTS) 29] and the TCP Friendly Transport Protocol TFRP [30] both refrain from join experiments to probe for available bandwidth, using instead the simple TCP equation 1 to adjust the rate. Receivers simply adjust their subscription level to the rate given by the equation. The necessary parameters of loss rate and round trip time are measured at the ....

W. Tan and A. Zakhor, "Error control for video multicast using hierarchical FEC," Proc. International Conference on Image Processing, Oct. 1999.

....as join and leave decisions occur much more frequently. 5.1.3 LTS and TFRP Two similar congestion control protocols for the transmission of video streams are presented by Turletti et al. and Tan and Zakhor. The Layered Transmission Scheme (LTS) 24] and the TCP Friendly Transport Protocol TFRP [25] both refrain from join experiments to probe for available bandwidth, using instead the simple TCP equation 1 to adjust the rate. Receivers simply adjust their subscription level to the rate given by the equation. The necessary parameters of loss rate and round trip time are measured at the ....

W. Tan and A. Zakhor, "Error control for video multicast using hierarchical fec," Proc. International Conference on Image Processing, Oct. 1999.

....layers, each layer is transmitted over a separate multicast group, and different receivers adapt to bandwidth fluctuations by adjusting the number of layers to which they subscribe. This is the approach pioneered by McCanne in his thesis [12] and of much of the recent work in this area (e.g. [4, 19]) Despite its many successes, layered multicast suffers from three basic deficiencies: ffl Lack of fairness among different multicast sessions. Without some additional machinery in the network (e.g. RED gateways [8] it is in general not possible to guarantee that all receivers in all ....

W.-T. Tan and A. Zakhor. Error Control for Video Multicast using Hierarchical FEC. In Proc. IEEE Int. Conf. Image Proc. (ICIP), Kobe, Japan, 1999.

....at the receiver so that the receiver s traffic does not cause congestion, and subsequent packet loss and delay, in the network. Examples of receiver driven congestion control mechanisms can be found in the orignal RLM work [1] and in more recent work on TCP friendly audio and video transmission [6, 7, 8, 9, 10]. However, because congestion control at a receiver cannot reduce ambient packet loss, that is, packet loss due to congestion caused by others traffic, error control is needed in addition to congestion control. The focus of this paper is error control. The purpose of error control is to use ....

....a session (but are adjustable by the content creator) We think that our work goes significantly beyond the state of the art in error control for real time multicast. In contemporaneous independent work, Tan and Zakhor developed a system very similar to ours. They first presented their system in [29, 9, 30]; we first presented our system in [31, 32, 33] Tan and Zakhor do not explicity propose pseudo ARQ. However, in a clever trick, they delay some parity information to allow receivers to trade delay for redundancy. Most significantly, they also implement TCP friendly congestion control and deploy ....

W.-T. Tan and A. Zakhor. Error control for video multicast using hierarchical FEC. In Proc. Int'l Conf. Image Processing, Kobe, Japan, October 1999.

....led to the idea of receiver driven FEC, in which each receiver determines the optimal combination of source and parity information for its channel. Existing receiver driven systems that uses FEC for error control are the receiver driven layered multicast FEC (RLM FEC) systems of Tan and Zakhor [6, 7, 8] and Chou et al. 9, 10, 11] These systems use rate compatible ReedSolomon coding to generalize the RLM system of McCanne et al. 12, 13] to layered FEC as well as layered source coding. In RLM FEC, the sender multicasts one source stream per source layer (as in RLM) as well as several parity ....

W.-T. Tan and A. Zakhor. Error control for video multicast using hierarchical FEC. In Proc. Int'l Conf. Image Processing, Kobe, Japan, October 1999.

....receiver, and do no analysis of aggregrate receiver behavior beyond that shown in Figure 9. Thus in this paper we do no actual source coding, channel coding, or network transmission. For the performance of an actual system (though not optimized as in this paper) see the papers by Tan and Zahkor [22, 27, 28]. We compare the performance of a number of systems of increasing complexity, all based on Receiver driven Layered Multicast with multiple source layers. The first is equivalent to RLM, with no error protection. The second employs equal error protection for each source layer, with the level of ....

....packet loss, receiver optimized FEC with moderate delay can gain up to 18 dB over systems without explicit error control, and receiver optimized Pseudo ARQ can gain up to an additional 13 dB. In contemporaneous independent work, Tan and Zakhor have presented a similar receiver driven FEC system [22, 27, 28]. Tan and Zakhor do not explicity propose Pseudo ARQ. However, in a clever trick, they delay some parity information to allow receivers to trade delay for redundancy. Most significantly, they also implement a real system, and deploy it in a limited way over the Internet s multicast backbone ....

W.-T. Tan and A. Zakhor. Error control for video multicast using hierarchical FEC. In Proc. Int'l Conf. Image Processing, Kobe, Japan, October 1999.

....led to the idea of receiver driven FEC, in which each receiver determines the optimal combination of source and parity information for its channel. Existing receiver driven systems that uses FEC for error control are the receiver driven layered multicast FEC (RLM FEC) systems of Tan and Zakhor [6, 7, 8] and Chou et al. 9, 10, 11] These systems use rate compatible Reed Solomon coding to generalize the RLM system of McCanne et al. 12, 13] to layered FEC as well as layered source coding. In RLM FEC, the sender multicasts one source stream per source layer (as in RLM) as well as several parity ....

W.-T. Tan and A. Zakhor. Error control for video multicast using hierarchical FEC. In Proc. Int'l Conf. Image Processing, Kobe, Japan, October 1999.

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W. Tan and A. Zakhor, "Error control for video multicast using hierarchical fec," in Proc. 6th Int. Conf. Image Processing (ICIP), vol. 1, Oct. 1999, pp. 401--405.

.... packet losses using error concealment techniques to improve visual quality at the expense of loss in coding efficiency [1, 2, 3] From channel coding perspective, Forward Error Correction (FEC) techniques have been proposed to reduce delay due to retransmission at the expense of increased bit rate [1, 4, 5]. From protocol perspective, there are approaches based on multicast [5] and TCPfriendly protocols [1] for streaming multimedia data over the Internet. Multicast reduces the network bandwidth by not sending duplicate packets on the same physical link [13] but it is only appropriate for situations ....

.... the expense of loss in coding efficiency [1, 2, 3] From channel coding perspective, Forward Error Correction (FEC) techniques have been proposed to reduce delay due to retransmission at the expense of increased bit rate [1, 4, 5] From protocol perspective, there are approaches based on multicast [5] and TCPfriendly protocols [1] for streaming multimedia data over the Internet. Multicast reduces the network bandwidth by not sending duplicate packets on the same physical link [13] but it is only appropriate for situations with one sender and many receivers. Meanwhile, TCP friendly protocols ....

W. Tan and A. Zakhor, "Error control for video multicast using hierarchical FEC," Proceedings of 6th International Conference on Image Processing, vol. 1, p.401-5, Oct. 1999.

....treat the MPEG stream as homogeneous in importance. Finally, Chapter 7 presents a summary of the results in this dissertation along with suggestions for future work. Portions of Chapters 3 and 4 have been presented in [129, 126, 125, 7, 124, 123] while parts of Chapter 5 have been presented in [127, 128, 131]. The results in Chapter 6 have been presented in [130] Chapter 2 Background This Chapter reviews background on the relevant characteristics of the Internet to video communications. Several existing approaches to video communication over best e#ort packet networks are surveyed. 2.1 Internet ....

W. Tan and A. Zakhor. Error control for video multicast using hierarchical FEC. In Intl. Conf. Image Processing '99, volume 1, pp. 401--5, Kobe, Japan, October 1999.

.... codec modifies the bit stream in such a way that the decoded video degrades more gracefully in lossy environments[1] 2] 3] From channel coding perspective, Forward Error Correction (FEC) techniques have been proposed to reduce delay due to retransmission, at the expense of bandwidth expansion [4][5]. Another commonly used technique in lossy environments is retransmission. While retransmission results in the least amount of bandwidth overhead, it does introduce additional delay of roughly a round trip time between the sender and receiver. Hence, the overall delay using retransmissions often ....

W. Tan and A. Zakhor, "Error control for video multicast using hierarchical fec," in Proceedings of 6th International Conference on Image Processing, October 1999, vol. 1, pp. 401--405.

.... packet losses using error concealment techniques to improve visual quality at the expense of loss in coding efficiency [1, 2, 3] From channel coding perspective, Forward Error Correction (FEC) techniques have been proposed to reduce delay due to retransmission at the expense of increased bit rate [1, 4, 5]. From protocol perspective, there are approaches based on multicast [5] and TCPfriendly protocols [1] for streaming multimedia data over the Internet. Multicast reduces the network bandwidth by not sending duplicate packets on the same physical link [13] but it is only appropriate for situations ....

.... the expense of loss in coding efficiency [1, 2, 3] From channel coding perspective, Forward Error Correction (FEC) techniques have been proposed to reduce delay due to retransmission at the expense of increased bit rate [1, 4, 5] From protocol perspective, there are approaches based on multicast [5] and TCPfriendly protocols [1] for streaming multimedia data over the Internet. Multicast reduces the network bandwidth by not sending duplicate packets on the same physical link [13] but it is only appropriate for situations with one sender and many receivers. Meanwhile, TCP friendly protocols ....

W. Tan and A. Zakhor, "Error control for video multicast using hierarchical FEC," Proceedings of 6th International Conference on Image Processing, vol. 1, p.401-5, Oct. 1999.

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W.-T. Tan and A. Zakhor. Error control for video multicast using hierarchical FEC. In Proc. Int'l Conf. Image Processing, Kobe, Japan, October 1999. 29

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W. Tan and A. Zakhor, "Error control for video multicast using hierarchical FEC," Proceedings of the IEEE International ConferenceonImageProcessing , pp. 401--405, October 1999.

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