Fitzmaurice, G. W. (1996). Graspable User Interfaces. Ph. D. thesis, Department of Computer Science, University of Toronto. Available http://www.dgp.toronto.edu/Thesis.gf.html.  Home/Search   Document Details and Download   Summary   Related Articles   Check

..... Finally, we generalize the input sensor time sharing model defined by the MVC into a space timesharing model. According to MVC, all applications views and controllers share the same input sensors (e.g. mouse and keyboard) and therefore the input sensors must be scheduled. Graspable interfaces [11] introduce the concept of space sharing, where different input sensors are assigned to different functional aspects of the application, therefore avoiding the need for scheduling them. We combine both approaches into space time sharing to model the type of applications we consider. For example, a ....

....aspect of BEACH is the definition of reusable classes to simplify the construction of collaborative applications based on multimedia documents. This concept of class libraries customized for particular environments is something we would like to incorporate in the future. Graspable Interfaces [11] presents an evolutionary model for GUIs where physical objects are used to interact with applications. This approach distinguishes time multiplexed input devices from spacemultiplexed input devices. The most well known example of a time multiplexed input device is the mouse. The same device is ....

G. W. Fitzmaurice, "Graspable User Interfaces," in PhD Thesis in Computer Science. Toronto: University of Toronto, 1996.

.... Topological (though limited) tangible inputting for educational purposes was introduced in Triangles [15] and AlgoBlocks [25] Planar, physical desktop tangible interaction was introduced in several studies [5,10,11,16,17,26] For a thorough discussion of this emerging field and its potential see [8,9]. Figure 1. The Universal Constructor [12] Figure 2. Flexible Intelligent Modeling System [12] Several research groups have developed various tangible interfaces for 3D modeling and design over the last 20 years for a variety of applications. The impetus for the practical aspects of our current ....

Fitzmaurice W. G., "Graspable User Interfaces," Ph.D. Thesis, Univ. of Toronto. Online-http://www.dgp. toronto.edu/people/GeorgeFitzmaurice/thesis/Thesis.gf.html 1996

....one wishes to control. Finally, one can adjust the parameter with the object [3] With multiple physical objects, a two state model is more appropriate (Figure 4b) First, one grabs the physical object that corresponds to the desired parameter. Then, one adjusts the parameter by moving the object [5]. Our interface design also focuses on the seamless coupling between input and output spaces. In addition to the audio output produced by the synthesizer, the system provides graphical feedback to the performer about the synthesis process. This information includes the currently selected sample ....

Fitzmaurice, G., Graspable User Interfaces. Ph.D. Thesis, University of Toronto, 1996.

....there has been work on CavePainting [13] where the emphasis is on using natural interactions with an immersive display surface (a CAVE [5] to create threedimensional paintings. Our system, like theirs, uses a projected palette interface for painting (a similar interface first appeared in [6]) However, we paint on real objects, as opposed to a virtual environment with no object physically there. Our system also yields a better sense of immersion than the CAVE, with a smaller setup cost[27] However, we are limited by a cumbersome acquisition process any time the object to be painted ....

....to spray painting in the real world. Additionally, a part of the table is converted into another physical UI object, the palette. Our simple palette is a projected rectangle with a texture that shows the available colors as well as painting options (analogous to the tool tray used in GraspDraw, [6]) We treat the palette just like a normal object, but a collision of the brush on specific parts of the palette (corresponding to what is drawn there) produces different outputs, which are mapped to actions such as color changes, paint mode changes and other such events. 6 Initial User ....

G. W. Fitzmaurice. Graspable User Interfaces. PhD thesis, University of Toronto, 1996.

....product design becomes designing human product interaction, or designing interfaces. In products these interfaces are physical objects, not screens. Physical objects are about actions, about human perceptual motor skills [7] HCI design also moves away from screens towards physical interfacing [5]. In both disciplines the talk is about tangible interfaces, and many issues are thus the same. But there is more. The emphasis on emotional skills in both product and human computer design is growing as well. Product design changes into designing contexts for experience [7] The Media Lab at MIT ....

# Fitzmaurice, G.W. (1996). Graspable user interfaces. Unpublished doctoral dissertation. University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada. Available at http://www.dgp.toronto.edu/people/GeorgeFitzmaurice/ thesis/Thesis.gf.html

....simultaneously. One commented that this approach helped him develop an intuition more quickly about what the model would do. This interface often involves one less level of indirection between the human hand and the actual computational change taking place than does a mouse adjusting a slider [1]. We hypothesize that this ease of manipulating parameters may lead to more thorough analysis of models, which may in turn lead to a better understanding of the models behavior. However, our experience with users thus far is suggestive, but not sufficient to evaluate this claim. We believe the ....

Fitzmaurice, G., Graspable User Interfaces. Ph.D. Thesis, University of Toronto, 1996.

....the ShapeTape [6] and the Haptic Lens [29] respectively. Tangible 3D shape manipulation was suggested in DO IT [25] Topological (though limited) tangible inputting for educational purposes was introduced in [20,31] Planar, physical desktop tangible interaction was introduced in several studies [7,11,12,13,21,22,32]. For a thorough discussion of this emerging field and its potential see [10,11] Several research groups developed various tangible interfaces for 3D modeling and design over the last 20 years, for a variety of applications. The impetus for the practical aspects of our current work originated in ....

.... suggested in DO IT [25] Topological (though limited) tangible inputting for educational purposes was introduced in [20,31] Planar, physical desktop tangible interaction was introduced in several studies [7,11,12,13,21,22,32] For a thorough discussion of this emerging field and its potential see [10,11]. Several research groups developed various tangible interfaces for 3D modeling and design over the last 20 years, for a variety of applications. The impetus for the practical aspects of our current work originated in pioneering HCI tools developed by John Frazer and his collogues as early as ....

Fitzmaurice W. G., "Graspable User Interfaces," Ph.D. Thesis, Univ. of Toronto. Online-http://www.dgp. toronto.edu/people/GeorgeFitzmaurice/thesis/Thesis.gf.html 1996

....to the Brush To select the type of stroke to paint, the artist simply dips the physical paint brush into a cup (located on the painting table shown in Figure 3) that contains the desired stroke. This interface is similar in style to the tool tray Fitzmaurice used in his GraspDraw application [11]. When the brush touches the cup, the stroke type is changed. This is implemented by placing conductive cloth on the tip of the brush and along the inside of the paint cups. Audio feedback is given to indicate that the brush s stroke type has changed. This is an interface which even young artists ....

George W. Fitzmaurice. Graspable user interfaces. Ph.D. Thesis, University of Toronto, 1996.

....have also proposed associating multiple functions with a single object. PadMouse is a mouse with a touch pad instead of a button. A user can make a finger gesture on a pad to select different functions. Fitzmaurice described the concept of flipbricks as part of his graspable user interfaces [10]. On each face of a flipbrick device, different commands, such as cut or copy are associated and users can activate one of them by flipping the device. Want et al. proposed an augmented photo cube, a block with six wireless tags attached to its faces [23] Up to six different digital contents ....

GeorgeW. Fitzmaurice. Graspable user interfaces. Ph.D thesis, University of Toronto, 1996.

....locking mechanisms must be defined. For instance, the virtual object may align with the brick, its centerpoint may move to the centerpoint of the brick or both. 6 Spatial Navigation: Controlling Shift, Rotation and Zoom Some basic aspects of 2D, brick based interaction were previously explored [7]. Bimanual camera control and object manipulation in 3D graphics interfaces were also explored [2] using two mice, keyboard and screen. The innovative feature of BUILDIT, beyond the brick based interaction, is that the objects are part of a 3D scene. The use of the multimedia framework [MET , ....

....Zoom may be controlled by one or both bricks, raising the topic of asymmetry [11] The same applies to the functions tilt and roll. Sets of these functions, and their relation to one or two handed interaction, will be explored in future research. The concept of time and space multiplexed input [7] may prove fruitful in this regard. The need to control object height (Section 7) was first met with a virtual method, and then triggered the realisation of real tools, before it was answered with virtual floor handling. This cycle may indicate a future design strategy. To evaluate the outcome of ....

Fitzmaurice, G. W.: Graspable User Interfaces. PhD at the University of Toronto, Toronto (1996) Ch. 7

....to assume different points of view, to get an overview, and to look at things in detail in a fluent manner (Brooks, 1986) Our answer to this need is offered by combining tangible bricks with 3D view handling of orientation and scale. Brick based interaction in 2D has already been investigated (Fitzmaurice, 1996, Ullmer and Ishii, 1997) Also, bimanual camera manipulation and model handling in 3D graphics interfaces have been examined (Balakrishnan and Kurtenback, 1999) using two mice, a keyboard, and a screen. Here, we combine the strengths of these two approaches. The multimedia framework (MET , ....

....factors (Fjeld et al. in press) already allows for satisfactory navigation and is planned to be tested for its usability. 9. Tactile feedback is assured by tangible bricks. Placing a higher priority on physical handles (Ware and Rose, 1999) is a way to offer more tactile feedback. For the future Fitzmaurice s (1996) concept of forced feedback by propelled bricks could be of interest to us. 10.Visual feedback relies heavily on computer graphics performance and at present results in a delay in updating the image. With rapidly increasing performance standards of graphic cards and processors, we expect our ....

Fitzmaurice, G. W. (1996): Graspable User Interfaces. PhD at the University of Toronto. http://www.dgp.utoronto.ca/people/GeorgeFitzmaurice/thesis/Thesis.gf.html.

....such as a mouse. Next, one must use this device to acquire the graphical object to be manipulated. Finally, one can manipulate the graphical object as desired. In the physical world, a two state model is more appropriate: one simply acquires the physical object to be used, and then manipulates it[8]. The extra step required for this task in a GUI suggest that more time and mental effort is typically required to perform this task. The separation between the mouse and the GUI screen may also make interaction with a GUI more difficult. When a user moves an icon on the screen with a mouse, the ....

Fitzmaurice, G., Graspable User Interfaces, Ph.D. Thesis., University of Toronto, 1996.

....handlers, allowing simultaneous interaction of several users grouped at one single table. This possibility calls for detailed research into bimanual gestures and multi person interaction. In particular, we want to look at the concept of time and spacemultiplexing, as described by Fitzmaurice [8]. Focusing at system performance within the task domain, we have observed how novice users compare with experts. We noticed that all customers whether CAD M. Fjeld, M. Bichsel M. Rauterberg (1998) BUILD IT: An Intuitive Design Tool Based on Direct Object Manipulation. In I. Wachsmut M. ....

Fitzmaurice G W: Graspable User Interfaces, PhD at the University of Toronto, 1996. http://www.dgp.utoronto.ca/people/GeorgeFitzmaurice/thesis/Thesis.gf.html.

....Bullinger J. Ziegler (eds) Proceedings of HCI International 99, the 8th International Conference on Human Computer Interaction) pp. 1060 1064. 1061 2 Three dimensional, brick based camera control Some basic issues of two dimensional, brick based interaction were previously explored by Fitzmaurice (1996). Bimanual camera control and object manipulation in three dimensional (3D) graphics interfaces were explored by Balakrishnan and Kurtenbach (1999) using two mouses, screen and keyboard. The innovative feature of BUILD IT, beyond the brick based interaction, is that the objects are part of a 3D ....

....the topic of asymmetry (Guiard, 1987) The same applies to the factors tilt and roll (Fjeld et al. 1999) Combinations of these factors, and their relation to one or two handed interaction, will be explored in future research. Help may be found in the concept of time and space multiplexed input (Fitzmaurice, 1996). 7 ....

Fitzmaurice, G. W. (1996). Graspable User Interfaces. PhD at the University of Toronto, Toronto, Ch. 7.

....system supports multi brick interaction. Graphical display is based on the class library MET [3] 3D objects come from a Computer Aided Design system to BUILD IT using Virtual Reality Modelling Language (VRML) Some basic issues of two dimensional, brick based interaction were already explored [4]. The innovation of BUILD IT, is that the objects are part of a 3D scene. Hence, the topic of this paper is how to bridge the gap between planar interaction and navigation in a 3D scene. FROM SIMPLE CAMERA CONTROL TO THE EYECATCHER OBJECT SIDE VIEW PLAN VIEW VIRTUAL CAMERA FIGURE 3: The camera ....

G. W. Fitzmaurice, Graspable User Interfaces. PhD at the University of Toronto (Toronto: 1996), Ch. 7. www.dgp.utoronto.ca/people/GeorgeFitzmaurice/thesis/ Thesis.gf.html

....of [11] provides strong support for file exchange between palmtop, desktop, and wall based GUIs with a pen stylus. However, the technique less directly addresses media exchange between non GUI devices, or with devices that are not spatially adjacent. Molenbach s LegoWall prototype (discussed in [6]) used LEGO structures to contain information about ocean going ships. These objects were combined with display and control objects that, when plugged adjacent to containers, could display shipping schedules, send this data to hardcopy printers, etc. The AlgoBlock system uses the manipulation of ....

Fitzmaurice, G. Graspable User Interfaces. Ph.D. Thesis, University of Toronto, 1996.

....multiple bricks in combination) scale and deform the attached virtual entities by manipulating the proxying brick devices. In more broadly based doctoral research, Fitzmaurice generalized Bricks and other research instances and studies into a broader framework for graspable user interface. [Fitzmaurice 1996] Several other efforts relate to desk style user interfaces. Wellner s DigitalDesk [Wellner 1993] supports augmented interaction with physical paper documents on a physical desktop, identifying and augmenting these with overhead cameras and projectors. The Responsive Workbench [Krueger 1994] and ....

.... objects may be mediated by projecting onto them, like the walls and clock of the ambientROOM; projecting through them, like the passive lens of Tangible Geospace; intermediated with displays like the active lens; or even physically actuated through techniques like the Phantom Chess mechanism [Fitzmaurice 1996]. Objects may be passively sensed with technologies like computer vision, as well as inertially tracked through the conservation of impetus (see [Ullmer 1996a] Models and Mechanisms for Tangible User Interfaces 34 4.2.2 Instrument Tangibles ....

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Fitzmaurice, G. Graspable User Interfaces. Ph.D. Thesis. University of Toronto, 1996.

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Fitzmaurice, G. W., (1996). Graspable User Interfaces, Ph.D. Thesis, Dept. of Computer Science, Univ. of Toronto.

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Fitzmaurice, G. W. (1996). Graspable User Interfaces. Ph. D. thesis, Department of Computer Science, University of Toronto. Available http://www.dgp.toronto.edu/Thesis.gf.html.

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Fitzmaurice, G. W. Graspable User Interfaces. Ph.D. Thesis, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, 1996.

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George W. Fitzmaurice. Graspable User Interfaces. PhD thesis, University of Toronto, 1996.

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George W. Fitzmaurice. Graspable User Interfaces. PhD thesis, Dept. Of Computer Science, University of Toronto, 1996.

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G.W. Fitzmaurice. Graspable User Interfaces. 1996. Ph.D. Thesis, Dept. of Computer Science, Univ. of Toronto.

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