| Kato A, Yoshimine T, Hayakawa T, et al. A frameless, armless navigational system for computer assisted neurosurgery. Technical note. J Neurosurg 74: 845- 849, 1991 |
....determination of the coordinates of corresponding points in different images and or physical space and the estimation of the geometric transformation using these corresponding points. The points may be either intrinsic [16, 45, 49, 55, 79, 86, 87, 88, 111, 119, 124, 133, 134, 139, 171] extrinsic [3, 14, 30, 47, 49, 56, 58, 60, 79, 80, 81, 105, 114, 116, 135, 136, 149, 151, 163, 164, 178, 188, 189, 190, 198] or a combination of both [117, 118] Intrinsic points are derived from patient specific image properties, e.g. anatomical landmark points. Extrinsic points are derived from artificially applied markers, e.g. glass beads. Selection of appropriate points is a key factor in the success of a ....
....average of all the voxel locations determined by the segmentation algorithm to contain marker. The physical space coordinates of extrinsic markers have been determined by touching the markers with an articulated arm [3, 60, 116, 178] or a low frequency magnetic field 3 D digitizer [105], observing the markers in a stereoscopic microscope [163] and ultrasonic rangefinding [56] Lewis and Galloway recently presented a technique based on the reflected 18 A mode ultrasound signal for transcutaneously localizing small plastic cylinders implanted in pork scapula [128] Haynor et al. ....
[Article contains additional citation context not shown here]
A. Kato, T. Yoshimine, T. Hayakawa, Y. Tomita, T. Ikeda, M. Mitomo, K. Harada, and H. Mogami. A frameless, armless navigational system for computer-assisted tomography. J. Neurosurg., 74:845--849, 1991.
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Kato A, Yoshimine T, Hayakawa T, et al. A frameless, armless navigational system for computer assisted neurosurgery. Technical note. J Neurosurg 74: 845- 849, 1991
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