Ontologies have become popular in the recent years in the field of artificial intelligence. There exist different types of ontologies and numerous ways of constructing them ([9],[24]). The interpretation of the term varies across different communities and [12],[13] elaborates on terminological clarifications. The engineering community, and particular the KBS community has adopt a short definition proposed by [10]:"An ontology is a specification of a conceptualisation ". An elaboration of ontology definition is presented in [24] and [26] where the authors point out the differences between types of ontologies and surveying uses of them in different domains. The type of ontologies in which we are interested in are the formal ontologies. A formal ontology is a language with a precisely defined syntax and semantics(which may be determined
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1342
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A translation approach to portable ontology specifications, Knowledge Acquisition 5
– Gruber
- 1998
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354
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Formal ontology and information systems
– Guarino
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322
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The Ontolingua Server: a Tool for Collaborative Ontology Construction
– Farquhar, Fikes, et al.
- 1996
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260
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Ontologies: principles, methods and applications
– Ushold, Grüninger
- 1996
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167
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Ontologies and Knowledge bases: towards a terminological clarification. Towards Very Large Knowledge Bases: Knowledge Building and Knwoledge
– Guarino, Giaretta
- 1995
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132
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Toward distributed use of large-scale ontologies
– Swartout, Patil, et al.
- 1996
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96
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Tadzebao and WebOnto: Discussing, Browsing, and Editing Ontologies on the Web. 11-th Knowledge Acquisition for KnowledgeBased Systems Workshop
– Domingue
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77
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The Enterprise Ontology
– Uschold, King, et al.
- 1998
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74
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METHONTOLOGY: From Ontological Art Towards Ontological Engineering
– Fernández, Gòmez-Pérez, et al.
- 1997
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52
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The State of the Art in Ontology Design: A Survey and Comparative Review
– Fridman-Noy, Hafner
- 1997
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37
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The ontology of tasks and methods
– Chandrasekaran, Josephson, et al.
- 1998
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36
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Building and (Re)Using an Ontology for Air Campaign Planning
– Valente, Russ, et al.
- 1999
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33
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Building Ontologies at the Knowledge Level using the Ontology Design Environment
– Blázquez, Fernández, et al.
- 1998
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31
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Knowledge level modelling: concepts and terminology
– Uschold
- 1998
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29
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An Experiment in Ontology Reuse
– Uschold, Clark, et al.
- 1998
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23
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Does prior knowledge facilitate the development of knowledge-based systems
– Cohen, Chaudhri, et al.
- 1999
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17
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Designing and Evaluating Generic Ontologies
– Gruninger
- 1996
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17
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Commitment-Based Software Development
– Mark, Tyler, et al.
- 1992
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16
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Where are the killer apps
– Uschold
- 1998
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13
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Applying the Process Interchange Format(PIF) to a Supply Chain Process Interoperability Scenario
– Polyak, Lee, et al.
- 1998
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10
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Use of Formal Ontologies to Support Error Checking in Specifications
– Kalfoglou, Robertson
- 1999
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9
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A Case Study in Applying Ontologies to Augment and Reason about the Correctness of Speci cations
– Kalfoglou, Robertson
- 1999
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6
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Knowledge Maintenance Heresies: Meta-Knowledge Complicates KM
– Menzies
- 1999
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5
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The Ontological Engineering Initiative-KA2
– Benjamins, Fensel
- 1998
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5
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Managing Ontological Constraints
– Kalfoglou, Robertson
- 1999
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4
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Automatically Acquiring Requirements of Business Information Systems by Reusing Business Ontology
– Jin, Bell, et al.
- 1998
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2
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The Ontological Engineering Initiative-KA2
– Benjamins
- 1998
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1
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Ontologies as Representation and ReRepresentation of Agreement
– Mark
- 1996
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