Abstract:
has no knowledge about the geographic location of the nodes it services. With cheap and small form factor Global Positioning System (GPS) receivers, and with evolving ad hoc networks and ubiquitous computing, it is likely that location information of network nodes or regions will become available. This is why recent proposals of point-to-point routing protocols for ad hoc networks make use of geographic knowledge to enhance their efficiency and scalability [1]. Besides using geographic information for unicast routing purposes, it is desirable to explicitly send a message selectively to a geographic region, which is the geocast problem. Geocast aims to send a message to some or all nodes within a geographic region. However, as geocast routing protocols similar to most other routing protocols do not guarantee reliability, not all nodes inside a geographic area may be reached. Furthermore, there are protocols that make it possible to refine the geographic region with a multicast group. This makes it possible, for example, to address only pedestrians or only vehicles inside a geographic region. With geocast, new services and applications are feasible, such as finding friends who are nearby, geographic advertising, or more general position-based publish-and-subscribe services. Of particular interest is geocast in the automotive domain, making possible the implemention of virtual traffic signs, for example, for accident or wrong-way driver warning on a motorway. Indeed, geographic information and with it geocast, which uses this information, adds a new dimension to computer networks that will make possible the implemention of many promising applications.
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