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  Cryptographic smart cards (1996) [26 citations — 4 self]

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by David Naccache
IEEE Micro
http://www.gemplus.com/smart/r_d/publications/./ps/NM96ieee.ps
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Abstract:

Abstract. Smart-cards have the tremendous advantage over their magnetic stripe ancestors of being able to execute cryptographic algorithms locally in their internal circuitry. This means that the user's secrets (be these PIN codes or keys) never have to leave the boundaries of the tamper-resistant silicon chip, which brings maximum security to the overall system in which the cards participate. Smart-cards also provide special-purpose microcontrollers with built-in, self-programmable memory. Together these features make the cost of a malevolent attack far greater than the benefits. In 1996, 600 million IC cards will be manufactured throughout the world. This articles surveys the existing crypto-dedicated microprocessors and describes some of their possible evolutions.---As cryptography progresses, semiconductor manufacturers are introducing new silicon geometries and cryptographic refinements at a very fast pace. What Is a Smart Card? The idea of inserting a chip into a plastic card is as old as public-key cryptography. The first patents are now 20 years old but practical public-key applications emerged only a few years ago, however, because of previous limitations in the storage and processing capacities of circuit technology. New silicon geometries and cryptographic processing refinements lead the industry to new generations of cards and more ambitious applications such as RSA [1]

Citations

1976 A method for obtaining digital signatures and public-key cryptosystems – Rivest, Shamir, et al. - 1978
1446 The Art of Computer Programming – Knuth - 1973
552 How to prove yourself: Practical solutions to identification and signature problems – Fiat, Shamir - 1986
246 Modular Multiplication Without Trial Division – Montgomery - 1985
210 Efficient identification and signatures for smart cards – Schnorr
174 A public key cryptosystem and a signature scheme based on discrete logarithms – Gamal - 1985
58 Implementing the Rivest Shamir and Adleman Public Key Encryption Algorithm on a – Barrett - 1986
8 a smart card for public-key cryptosystems – Waleffe, Quisquater - 1990
7 A Public Key Cell Design for Smart Card Chips – Omura - 1990
4 The RSA Cryptographic Processor: The First High Speed One-Chip Solution – Sedlak - 1988