Download:
by Darko Kirovski, Hagai Attias
University of California, Berkeley
http://www.cs.ucla.edu/~darko/papers/wmbeatfinal.pdf
Add To MetaCart
Abstract:
Abstract. Watermarks are hidden, imperceptible, and robust marks augmented into a host signal such as audio or video. Recent studies show that in the presence of an adversary, ”blind ” watermark detection within an attacked clip is an exceptionally difficult task. In this paper, we explore two technologies, beat detection and block redundant coding, to combat de-synchronization and watermark estimation as two attacks that have demonstrated superior effectiveness in preventing watermark detectors from reliably accomplishing their goal. As a result, we have achieved robustness of spread-spectrum watermarks augmented in audio clips to almost arbitrary constant time-warp, pitch-bending, and wow-and-flutter of up to 1%. The adversary can remove the watermark by subtracting an estimate of the watermark from the signal with an amplitude in excess of 6dB with respect to the host. Such an attack vector typically affects substantially the fidelity of the ”pirated ” recording. 1
Citations
|
4704
|
Maximum likelihood from incomplete data via the EM algorithm
– Dempster, Laird, et al.
- 1977
|
|
168
|
On the limits of steganography
– Anderson, Petitcolas
- 1998
|
|
102
|
A secure, robust watermark for multimedia
– Cox, Kilian, et al.
- 1996
|
|
67
|
Detection, Estimation and Modulation Theory, Part I
– Trees
- 1968
|
|
57
|
Spread spectrum watermarking: Malicious attacks and counterattacks
– Hartung, Su, et al.
- 1999
|
|
38
|
Dijk. Analysis of the sensitivity attack against electronic watermarks in images
– Linnartz, van
- 1998
|
|
37
|
Digital Watermarking and Information Embedding Using Dither Modulation
– Chen, Wornell
- 1998
|
|
36
|
A modulated complex lapped transform and its application to audio processing
– Malvar
- 1999
|
|
35
|
Robust audio watermarking in the time domain
– Bassia, Pitas
- 1998
|
|
35
|
Robust audio watermarking using perceptual masking
– Swanson, Zhu, et al.
- 1998
|
|
30
|
Collusion Secure Fingerprinting for Digital Data
– Boneh, Shaw
- 1998
|
|
23
|
Robust Covert Communication Over a Public Audio Channel Using Spread Spectrum
– Kirovski, Malvar
- 2001
|
|
22
|
Power-spectrum condition for energy-efficient watermarking
– Su, Girod
- 1999
|
|
16
|
Robust spread-spectrum audio watermarking
– Kirovski, Malvar
- 2001
|
|
13
|
A Dual Watermarking and Fingerprinting System
– Kirovski, Malvar, et al.
- 2001
|
|
11
|
Digital watermarking and its influence on audio quality
– Neubauer, Herre
- 1998
|
|
7
|
A signal theoretic method for creating forgery-proof documents for automatic verification
– Szepanski
- 1979
|
|
4
|
Kalker T., Oostveen J.: Robust Audio Hashing for Content Identification
– Haitsma
- 2001
|
|
3
|
The Business Case for Audio Watermarking
– Jessop
- 1999
|
|
2
|
Auditory masking in audio compression
– Malvar
- 2001
|
|
2
|
Yacobi Y.: A Dual Watermarking and Fingerprinting System. Microsoft Research
– Kirovski, Malvar
- 2001
|
|
1
|
W.: Echo hiding. Information Hiding Workshop
– Gruhl, Lu, et al.
- 1996
|
|
1
|
H.: Embedding and Detecting Spread Spectrum Watermarks under The Estimation Attack
– Kirovski, Malvar
- 2002
|
