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Probabilistically Checkable Debate Systems and Nonapproximability of PSPACE-Hard Functions (1995)  (Make Corrections)  (24 citations)
Anne Condon, Joan Feigenbaum, Carsten Lund, Peter Shor



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first paper about nonapproximability results for PSPACE-hard problems

Abstract: We initiate an investigation of probabilistically checkable debate systems (PCDS's), a natural generalization of probabilistically checkable proof systems. A PCDS for a language L consists of a probabilistic polynomial-time verifier V and a debate between player 1, who claims that the input x is in L, and player 0, who claims that the input x is not in L. We show that there is a PCDS for L in which V flips O(log n) random coins and reads O(1) bits of the debate if and only if L is in PSPACE.... (Update)

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.... have many other uses in complexity theory (or related areas like cryptography) One result in this direction is due to Condon et al. [34, 35], who use our main theorem (actually, a stronger form of it that we did not state) to prove a PCP style characterization of PSPACE. We...

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12:   Algebraic methods for interactive proof systems - Lund, Fortnow et al. - 1992
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11:   Johnson D.: Approximation algorithms for combinatorial problems. Jour. of Computer and Syst. Sci., 1974, 9, 256-278.

BibTeX entry:   (Update)

A. Condon, J. Feigenbaum, C. Lund, and P. Shor. Probabilistically checkable debate systems and approximation algorithms for PSPACE-hard functions (extended abstract). In Proceedings of the 25nd Annual ACM Symposium on the Theory of Computing, pages 305--314, 1993. http://citeseer.ist.psu.edu/50691.html   More

@inproceedings{ condon93probabilistically,
    author = "Anne Condon and Joan Feigenbaum and Carsten Lund and Peter Shor",
    title = "Probabilistically checkable debate systems and approximation algorithms for {PSPACE-hard} functions",
    pages = "305--314",
    year = "1993",
    url = "citeseer.ist.psu.edu/50691.html" }
Citations (may not include all citations):
403   Proof verification and hardness of approximation problems - Arora, Lund et al. - 1992
293   Approximation algorithms for combinatorial problems (context) - Johnson - 1974
203   Approximating clique is almost NP-complete (context) - Feige, Goldwasser et al. - 1991
172   Algebraic methods for interactive proof systems - Lund, Fortnow et al. - 1992
146   Computers and Intractibility: A guide to the theory of NP-Co.. (context) - Garey, Johnson - 1979
122   How to recycle random bits - Impagliazzo, Zuckerman - 1989
79   Arthur-Merlin games: A randomized proof system and a hierarc.. (context) - Babai, Moran - 1988
56   Lower bounds for natural proof systems (context) - Kozen - 1977
54   and weak random sources (context) - Cohen, Wigderson et al. - 1989
43   Highly resilient correctors for polynomials - Gemmell, Sudan - 1992
41   Computer and System Sciences (context) - Papadimitriou, Yannakakis et al. - 1991
41   Computer and System Sciences (context) - Papadimitriou, nature - 1985
37   Probabilistic checking of proofs (context) - Arora, Safra - 1992
24   Probabilistically checkable debate systems and approximation.. - Condon, Feigenbaum et al. - 1993
24   Probabilistically checkable debate systems and approximation.. - Condon, Feigenbaum et al. - 1993
22   the complexity of some two-person perfect-information games (context) - Schaefer - 1978
19   Random debaters and the hardness of approximating stochastic.. - Condon, Feigenbaum et al. - 1994
15   Generalized CNF satisfiability problems and non-efficient ap.. (context) - Marathe, Stearns - 1994
15   Handbook of Game Theory (context) - Aumann, Hart - 1992
12   The complexity of the max word problem and the power of one-.. (context) - Condon - 1993
5   Private communication (context) - Bodlaender
5   Hierarchical specifications and polynomial-time approximatio.. (context) - Marathe, Stearns et al. - 1994



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