by Andrew J. Kean, Robert F. Sawyer, Robert A. Harley
http://www.awma.org/journal/pdfs/2000/11/1929-193.pdf
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Abstract:
The use of diesel engines in off-road applications is a significant source of nitrogen oxides (NO x) and particulate matter (PM 10). Such off-road applications include railroad locomotives, marine vessels, and equipment used for agriculture, construction, logging, and mining. Emissions from these sources are only beginning to be controlled. Due to the large number of these engines and their wide range of applications, total activity and emissions from these sources are uncertain. A method for estimating the emissions from off-road diesel engines based on the quantity of diesel fuel consumed is presented. Emission factors are normalized by fuel consumption, and total activity is estimated by the total fuel consumed. Total exhaust emissions from off-road diesel equipment
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