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  Opponent modeling in poker (1998) [36 citations — 8 self]

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by Aaron Davidson, Darse Billings, Duane Szafron
In AAAI National Conference
http://www.cs.ualberta.ca/~darse/Papers/ICAI00.ps
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Abstract:

Abstract The game of poker has many properties that make it an interesting topic for arti cial intelligence (AI). It is a game of imperfect information, which relates to one of the most fundamental problems in computer science: how to handle knowledge that may be erroneous or incomplete. Poker is also one of the few games to be studied where deriving an accurate understanding of each opponent's style is an essential element to success. In developing a strong poker program, the opponent modeling method has always been a central component of the system. As other aspects of the program were improved, the techniques for modeling once again became a limiting factor to the overall level of play. As a result, the topic has been revisited. This paper reports on recent progress achieved by improved statistical methods, which were suggested by experiments using articial neural networks.

Citations

80 Representations and Solutions for GameTheoretic Problems – Koller, Pfeffer
37 Incorporating Opponent Models into Adversary Search, AAAI – Carmel, Markovitch - 1995
29 Using Probabilistic Knowledge and Simulation to Play Poker – Billings, Peña, et al. - 1999
20 Using Knowledge About the Opponent in Game-Tree Search – Jansen - 1992
10 Hold’em Poker for Advanced Players, Two Plus Two – Sklansky, Malmuth - 1994
6 Thoughts on the application of opponent-model search – Iida, Uiterwijk, et al. - 1995
1 Using arti neural networks to model opponents in Texas Hold'em – Davidson - 1999
1 Poker as a Testbed for AI Research, AI'98 – Billings, Papp, et al. - 1997