Abstract:
The use of audio in human-computer interfaces is gaining much attention nowadays. A neglected issue in this regard is the fact that human beings perceive sounds in a spatial context. Simulated spatial sound presented over headphones has many potential uses in a number of fields, such as virtual reality, visualization, and three dimensional drawing applications. This thesis presents the results of a study of literature on the spatial sound perception of human beings, as well as the state of affairs in spatial sound simulation. In addition, a simple experimental system for spatial sound simulation is presented, along with the results of several experiments that were conducted with this system. The system, called the SAGA system (Spatial Audio in Graphical Applications), was built to investigate the usability of spatial sound in three dimensional graphical applications such as visualization and three dimensional drawing. Two primary uses of spatial sound in such applications are envisioned: (1) the active localization of virtual sound sources in a three dimensional virtual environment, in order to be able to move the point of view or a three dimensional cursor towards this sound source, and (2) as an aid in the position determination of a cursor in a three dimensional virtual environment. The results
Citations
|
104
|
The Ultimate Display
– Sutherland
- 1965
|
|
59
|
Localization in virtual acoustic displays
– WENZEL
- 1992
|
|
42
|
Headphone simulation of free-field listening I: Stimulus synthesis
– Wightman, Kistler
- 1983
|
|
33
|
About this reverberation business
– Moorer
- 1979
|
|
29
|
Stereophonic and Surface Sound Generation for Exploratory Data Analysis
– Smith, Bergeron, et al.
- 1990
|
|
27
|
Headphone simulation of free-field listening. II. Psychophysical validation
– Wightman, Kistler
- 1989
|
|
21
|
Intensity and reverberation as factors in the auditory perception of egocentric distance
– Mershon, King
- 1975
|
|
21
|
A virtual display system for conveying three-dimensional acoustic information
– Wenzel, Wightman, et al.
- 1988
|
|
18
|
Using sound to extract meaning from complex data
– Scaletti, Craig
- 1991
|
|
17
|
Transformation characteristics of the external human ear
– Mehrgard, Mellert
- 1977
|
|
16
|
The precedence effect in sound localization
– Wallach, Newman, et al.
- 1969
|
|
15
|
On the differences between localization and lateralization
– Plenge
- 1974
|
|
14
|
Directional sensitivity of sound-pressure levels in the human ear canal, The
– Middlebrooks, Makous, et al.
- 1989
|
|
14
|
Head movements during sound localization
– Thurlow, Mangels, et al.
- 1967
|
|
13
|
Effects of induced head movements on localization of direction of sound sources
– Thurlow, Runge
- 1967
|
|
12
|
Psychoacoustical Aspects of Synthesized Vertical Locale Cues
– Watkins
- 1978
|
|
11
|
Auditory Localization
– Mills
- 1972
|
|
11
|
A system for three-dimensional acoustic `visualization' in a virtual environment workstation
– Wenzel, Stone, et al.
- 1990
|
|
9
|
On the perception of sound direction
– Strutt, Rayleigh
- 1907
|
|
6
|
Spatialization of sounds over loudspeakers
– Moore
- 1989
|
|
5
|
Model for auditory localization
– Searle, Braida, et al.
- 1976
|
|
3
|
Localization with non-individualised virtual acoustic display cues
– Wenzel, Wightman, et al.
- 1991
|
|
2
|
Visual and Auditory Perception. the Bobbs-Merill
– Murch
- 1973
|
|
2
|
An exploratory study of the use of movemet-correlated cues in an auditory heads-up display
– Sorkin, Wightman, et al.
- 1989
|