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  and Leendert van der Torre (2000)

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by David Makinson
Input/output logics, J. Philosophical Logic
http://www.cs.vu.nl/~torre/papers/bnaic01.ps.Z
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Abstract:

We explain the raison d'^etre and basic ideas of input/output logic, sketching the central elements with pointers to other publications for detailed developments. The motivation comes from the logic of norms. Unconstrained input/output operations are straightforward to dene, with relatively simple behaviour, but ignore the subtleties of contrary-to-duty norms. To deal with these more sensitively, we constrain input/output operations by means of consistency conditions, expressed via the concept of an outfamily. However, this is a more complex aair, with dicult choices between alternative options. 1

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2 and Leendert van der Torre (2001). Constraints for input/output logics – Makinson
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