The three papers contained in this report show three different perspectives of interactive query languages for geographic information and analysis, an emphasis of the NCGIA's Research Initiative No. 2 on "Languages of Spatial Relations. " They are published as a technical report to make them accessible to readers as a whole so that they can make comparisons between the different approaches. The first paper, "Concepts of Spatial Objects in GIS User Interfaces and Query Languages, " was presented at GIS/LIS '89 in Orlando. It investigates the requirements for a GIS query language from a user's perspective. The second paper, "Spatial SQL: A Query and Representation Language, " shows how such a GIS query language can be designed as an extension of the well-known relational query language SQL. Finally, the third paper, entitled "LOBSTER: Combining AI and Database Techniques for GIS, " is a reprint of an article published in Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing, Vol. 56, No. 6, June 1990, pp. 919-926. It reports on the implementation of and experience with a prototype of a spatial query language based upon the Prolog programming language. We believe that the papers complement each other and, as such, give an fairly broad overview. The framework for this work has been set in a complementary technical report in which the initiative leaders explain, among other things, the issues and relevance of spatial query languages.
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1292
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The C++ Programming Language
– Stroustrup
- 1999
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338
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Logic for Problem Solving
– Kowalski
- 1979
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296
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A Relational Model for Large Shared Data Banks
– Codd
- 1970
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152
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The EXODUS Optimizer Generator
– Graefe, DeWitt
- 1987
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138
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Simula: An Algol-Based Simulation Language
– Dahl, Nygaard
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138
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The Design and Implementation of INGRES
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- 1976
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130
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Building Expert Systems
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- 1983
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122
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Relational completeness of data base sublanguages
– Codd
- 1972
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121
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Logic and databases: a deductive approach
– Gallaire, Minker, et al.
- 1984
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79
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On termination of Datalog programs
– Brodsky, Sagiv
- 1989
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66
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A rule-based view of query optimization
– Freytag
- 1987
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47
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Controlling Propagation of Operations Using Attributes on Relations
– Rumbaugh
- 1988
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44
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Query-By-Example: A Database Language
– Zloof, M
- 1977
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41
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The handbook of artificial intelligence
– Barr, Feigenbaum
- 1981
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37
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SEQUEL 2: A unified approach to data definition, manipulation, and control
– Chamberlin
- 1976
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32
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Spatial Query Languages
– Egenhofer
- 1989
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31
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Knowledge Representation
– Kramer, Mylopoulos
- 1992
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30
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Towards a Spatial Query Language: User Interface Considerations
– Egenhofer, Frank
- 1998
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30
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Database abstractions: aggregation
– Smith, Smith
- 1977
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24
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Query processing in a multidatabase system
– Dayal
- 1985
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24
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Efficient Processing of Interactive Relational Database Queries Expressed in Logic
– Warren
- 1981
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21
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The National Science Foundation National Center for Geographic Information and Analysis
– Abler
- 1987
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21
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Human factors studies of database query languages: A survey and assessment
– Reisner
- 1981
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18
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Generalization/specialization as a basis for software specification
– BORGIDA, MYLOPOULOS, et al.
- 1984
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17
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Applications of DBMS to Land Information Systems
– Frank
- 1981
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15
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Association: A Database Abstraction for Semantic Modeling
– Brodie
- 1981
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9
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Mapquery—database query language for retrieval of geometric data and its graphical representation
– Frank
- 1982
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8
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Architecture of Database Systems for Non-Standard Applications (in German
– Hrder, Reuter
- 1983
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8
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The role of artificial intelligence in the integration of remotely sensed data with geographic information systems
– McKeown
- 1987
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7
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Object-oriented modeling in GIS: Inheritance and propagation
– Egenhofer, Frank
- 1989
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5
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Object-Oriented Database Systems: The Notation and The Issues
– Dittrich
- 1986
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5
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1988b) Requirements for a Database Management System for a GIS. Photogrammetric Engineering & Remote Sensing 54(11
– Frank
- 1988
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5
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KBGIS-II: A Knowledge-Based Geographic Information System
– Smith, Peuquet, et al.
- 1987
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5
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How Does an Expert System get its Data
– Vassiliou, Clifford, et al.
- 1983
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4
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editors. On conceptual modelling: Perspectives from artificial intelligence, databases, and programming languages
– Brodie, Mylopoulos, et al.
- 1984
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4
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ELFS: English Language From SQL
– Luk, Kloster
- 1986
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3
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Connection between local and regional: Additional “intelligence” needed
– Egenhofer, Frank
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3
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Extending a Database with Prolog
– Frank
- 1984
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3
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Data Model Theory Meets a Practical Application
– Kent
- 1981
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2
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The ARC/INFO Map Library: A Design for a Digital Geographic Database, Auto-Carto VI
– Aronson, Morehouse
- 1983
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2
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PANDA: An Extensible DBMS Supporting Object-Oriented Software Techniques
– Egenhofer, Frank
- 1989
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2
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PANDA---A Pascal Network Database System. in
– Frank
- 1982
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2
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Geo-Relational Algebra: A Model and Query Language for Geometric Database Systems
– Giiting
- 1988
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2
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Symbolic Feature Analysis and Expert Systems
– Palmer
- 1984
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2
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Research Issues in Artificial Intelligence and Geographic Information Systems
– Peuquet
- 1987
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2
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Expert systems for geographic information systems. Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing 53
– Robinson, Frank
- 1987
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1
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National Standard Database Language SQL
– American
- 1986
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1
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Sets and Other Strnage Ways to Implement Logic Programs
– Magic
- 1986
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1
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Formal Methods for the Accurate Defintion of some Fundamental Terms in Physical Geography
– Frank, Palmer, et al.
- 1986
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1
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A Unifying Database Formalism
– Hudson
- 1989
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