A survey of the industrial application of formal methods to safety-critical systems.
Abstract: Standards concerned with the development of safety-critical systems, and the software in such systems in particular, abound today as the software crisis increasingly affects the world of embedded computer-based systems. The use of formal methods is often advocated as a way of increasing confidence in such systems. This paper examines the industrial use of these techniques, the recommendations concerning formal methods in a number of current and draft standards, and comments on the applicability ... (Update)
Context of citations to this paper: More
...to programming languages verification. In both fields, properties to be verified concern safety, reliability as well as system availability [5]. For these reasons, most of the PLC verifications approaches [6] including ours) rely on principles close to those used in Computer...
Cited by: More
Security as a Safety Issue in Rail Communications - Smith Russell Looi
(Correct)
Experiments on Processing and Linking Semantically Augmented.. - Alves-Foss (2004)
(Correct)
A PREttier Compiler-Compiler: Generating Higher-order Parsers in .. - Breuer, Bowen (1995)
(Correct)
Similar documents (at the sentence level):
14.6%: Formal Methods and Software Safety - Bowen, Stavridou (1992)
(Correct)
11.0%: Formal Methods in Safety-Critical Standards - Bowen (1993)
(Correct)
Active bibliography (related documents): More All
21.3: Safety-Critical Systems, Formal Methods and Standards - Bowen, Stavridou (1993)
(Correct)
2.3: The Industrial Take-up of Formal Methods in Safety-Critical.. - Bowen, Stavridou (1993)
(Correct)
1.7: Formal Methods and the Certification of Critical Systems - Rushby (1993)
(Correct)
Related documents from co-citation: More All
3: Safeware: System Safety and Computers (context) - Leveson - 1995
3: Case study: PAISLey Approach Applied to its Own Software Tools (context) - Zave - 1986
3: Systematic Software Development using VDM
- Jones - 1986
BibTeX entry: (Update)
J. Bowen and V. Stavridou, "Safety-critical Systems, Formal Methods and Standards", Technical Report No. PRG-TR-5-92, Programming Research Group, Oxford University Computing Laboratory, 11 Keble Road, Oxford OX1 3QD, March 1992, to appear in the Software Engineering Journal. http://citeseer.ist.psu.edu/article/bowen93safetycritical.html More
@article{ bowen92safetycritical,
author = "Jonathan P. Bowen and Victoria Stavridou",
title = "Safety-Critical Systems, Formal Methods, and Standards",
journal = "IEE/BCS Software Engineering Journal",
volume = "8",
number = "4",
month = "July",
pages = "189-209",
year = "1993",
url = "citeseer.ist.psu.edu/article/bowen93safetycritical.html" }
Citations (may not include all citations):
1180
The temporal logic of reactive and concurrent systems: speci.. (context) - MANNA, PNUELI - 1992
689
Systematic software development using VDM
- JONES - 1990
340
Software engineering (context) - SOMMERVILLE - 1989
334
A computational logic handbook (context) - BOYER, MOORE - 1988
187
HOL: A proof generating system for Higher-Order Logic (context) - GORDON - 1988
139
From timed to hybrid systems
- MALER, MANNA et al. - 1992
123
Seven myths of formal methods (context) - HALL - 1990
105
The programmable gate array data book (context) - Inc - 1991
103
Specifying and verifying requirements of real-time systems (context) - HANSEN, RAVN et al. - 1991
88
SIFT: design and analysis of a fault-tolerant computer for a.. (context) - WENSLEY - 1978
61
Dependability: basic concepts and terminology (context) - LAPRIE - 1991
60
Software requirements analysis for real-time process-control.. (context) - JAFFE, LEVESON et al. - 1991
54
Assessment of safety-critical software in nuclear power plan.. (context) - PARNAS, ASMIS et al. - 1991
51
Probabilistic logics and synthesis of reliable organisms fro.. (context) - VON NEUMANN - 1961
50
Evaluation of safetycritical software (context) - PARNAS, VON SCHOUWEN - 1990
49
Human error (context) - REASON - 1990
48
The infeasibility of experimental quantification of life-cri..
- BUTLER, FINELLI - 1991
47
Functional documentation for computer systems engineering (context) - PARNAS, MADEY - 1991
47
A case-study in timed refinement: a mine pump (context) - MAHONY, HAYES - 1992
47
A proof of correctness of the Viper microprocessor: the firs.. (context) - COHN - 1988
46
Compiling Occam into field-programmable gate arrays
- PAGE, LUK - 1991
43
Object orientation in Z (context) - STEPNEY, BARDEN et al. - 1992
41
The Cleanroom approach to quality software development (context) - DYER - 1992
41
The notion of proof in hardware verification
- COHN - 1989
39
Formal verification of algorithms for critical systems (context) - RUSHBY, VON HENKE - 1991
34
Software safety in embedded computer systems (context) - LEVESON - 1991
32
Dependability: a unifying concept for reliable computing and.. (context) - LAPRIE - 1989
32
Formal methods: use and relevance for the development of saf..
- BARROCA, MCDERMID - 1992
32
Formal methods: use and relevance for the development of saf..
- McDERMID - 1991
31
CICS project report: experiences and results from the use of.. (context) - HOUSTON, KING - 1991
30
The industrial take-up of formal methods in safetycritical a..
- BOWEN, STAVRIDOU - 1993
29
Towards a discipline of real-time programming (context) - WIRTH - 1977
27
Formal methods for the specification and design of real-time..
- OSTROFF - 1992
27
Correctness properties of the Viper block model: the second .. (context) - COHN - 1988
26
The Z notation: a reference manual (context) - SPIVEY - 1992
25
An introduction to formal specification and verification usi..
- RUSHBY, VON HENKE et al. - 1991
24
The design of real-time systems: from specification to imple.. (context) - KOPETZ, ZAINLINGER et al. - 1991
22
Requirements capture for embedded real-time systems (context) - RAVN, RISCHEL - 1991
22
The verification of low-level code (context) - CLUTTERBUCK, CARR - 1988
22
The formal specification of advanced AI architectures (context) - CRAIG - 1991
22
An investigation of the Therac-25 accidents (context) - LEVESON, TURNER - 1992
21
Introducing OBJ3 (context) - GOGUEN, WINKLER - 1988
21
Provably correct compiler development and implementation (context) - BUTH, BUTH et al. - 1992
20
Integration of formal methods with system design (context) - MAYGER, FOURMAN - 1991
20
Specification and proof in real-time systems (context) - DAVIES - 1991
20
A survey of mechanical support for formal reasoning (context) - LINDSAY - 1988
19
Cleanroom software development: an empirical evaluation (context) - SELBY, BASILI et al. - 1987
19
Specifying a real-time kernel (context) - SPIVEY - 1990
18
Special issue on system verification (context) - MOORE - 1989
16
Formal verification of safety-critical systems (context) - MOSER, MELLIAR-SMITH - 1990
15
The state of software engineering practice: a preliminary re.. (context) - HUMPHREY, KITSON et al. - 1989
15
SACEM software validation (context) - GUIHO, HENNEBERT - 1990
15
A reply to the criticisms of the Knight & Leveson experiment (context) - KNIGHT, LEVESON - 1990
15
Formal specification and verification of a fault-masking and..
- RUSHBY - 1991
15
Algebra and models (context) - HOARE - 1991
15
Report on the formal specification and partial verification ..
- BROCK, HUNT - 1990
14
The formal specification of safety requirements for the stor.. (context) - MUKHERJEE, STAVRIDOU - 1991
14
Mathematical methods for digital system development (context) - GOOD, YOUNG - 1991
13
Software safety: why, what and how (context) - LEVESON - 1986
12
The risks of software (context) - LITTLEWOOD, STRIGINI - 1992
12
Verification of the shutdown system software at the Darlingt.. (context) - ARCHINOFF, HOHENDORF et al. - 1990
11
IEEE Spectrum (context) - on - 1981
11
Verification of the FtCayuga fault-tolerant microprocessor s.. (context) - SRIVAS, BICKFORD - 1991
11
Software development methods in practice (context) - HILL - 1991
11
Formal methods and software safety
- BOWEN, STAVRIDOU - 1992
10
STP: a mechanized logic for specification and verification (context) - SHOSTAK, SCHWARTZ et al. - 1982
10
Illustrative risks to the public in the use of computer syst.. (context) - NEUMANN - 1992
10
Applications strategies for risk analysis (context) - CHARETTE - 1990
9
Formal specifications for a clinical cyclotron control syste.. (context) - JACKY - 1990
9
Achieving high integrity of process control software by grap.. (context) - HALANG, KR - 1992
9
Application of formal methods to the VIPER microprocessor (context) - CULLYER, PYGOTT - 1987
8
International Electrotechnical Commission (context) - Computers, Application et al. - 1991
8
Handbook of system and product safety (context) - HAMMER - 1972
8
International Electrotechnical Commission (context) - Computers, Safety et al. - 1986
8
Requirements engineering for real-time systems (context) - GOLDSACK, FINKELSTEIN - 1991
7
The formal development of real-time systems: a review (context) - SCHOLEFIELD - 1990
7
The HCI component of dependable real-time systems (context) - BURNS - 1991
7
High-integrity software (context) - SENNETT - 1989
7
Vital coded processor and safety related software design (context) - CHAPRONT - 1992
7
Federal Aviation Administration (context) - Analysis', of - 1982
7
Proving properties of rule-based systems (context) - WALDINGER, STICKEL - 1991
7
Evaluating software engineering standards and methods (context) - FENTON, LITTLEWOOD - 1991
7
Mechanized reasoning and hardware design (context) - HOARE, GORDON - 1992
7
Use of formal methods by a silicon manufacturer (context) - MAY - 1990
7
The case for formal methods in standards (context) - BLYTH, BOLDDYREFF et al. - 1990
6
European Space Agency (context) - Engineering - 1991
6
Formal specification and structured design in software devel.. (context) - CYRUS, BLEDSOE et al. - 1991
6
formal methods debate (context) - TIERNEY, The - 1991
6
Software technology transfer (context) - BUXTON, MALCOLM - 1991
6
Project organisation (context) - RAVN, STAVRIDOU - 1991
5
Some verification tools and methods for airborne safety-crit.. (context) - HELPS - 1986
5
Software engineers and the IEE (context) - PYLE - 1986
5
Hardware-related software errors: measurement and analysis (context) - IYER, VERLARDI - 1985
5
Development methods for trusted computer systems (context) - THOMAS - 1989
5
Engineering Quality Software: a review of current practices,.. (context) - SMITH, WOOD - 1989
5
International Electrotechnical Commission (context) - of, Systems et al. - 1992
5
Rationale for the development of the UK defence standards fo.. (context) - BROWN - 1990
5
Software risk management tutorial (context) - BOEHM - 1988
5
Software in safety-related systems (context) - WICHMANN - 1992
5
High integrity computing (context) - CULLYER - 1988
5
Formal methods for reliability (context) - READE, FROOME - 1990
5
Calculating the real cost of software defects (context) - WARD - 1991
5
Formal methods in the production and assessment of safety cr.. (context) - BLOOMFIELD, FROOME et al. - 1989
5
An overview of HP-SL (context) - BEAR - 1991
4
The need for evidence from disparate sources to evaluate sof.. (context) - LITTLEWOOD - 1993
4
Assessment at the requirements stage of a project (context) - CANNING - 1991
4
The development of high reliability software -- RR (context) - HILL - 1988
4
Software development standards (context) - HALL - 1989
4
Digital control of industrial processes (context) - SMITH - 1970
4
Influences (or lack thereof) of formalism in teaching progra.. (context) - GRIES - 1990
4
Verification, analysis and synthesis of safety interlocks (context) - JACKY - 1991
4
Software vs. hardware errors (context) - GLASS - 1980
4
The Canadian nuclear industry (context) - JOANNOU, HARAUZ et al. - 1991
4
The role of verification and validation tools in the product.. (context) - WEBB - 1991
4
An analysis of selected software safety standards (context) - WALLACE, KUHN et al. - 1992
4
Can software for the strategic defense initiative ever be er.. (context) - MYERS - 1986
4
Safe conduct (context) - NEESHAM - 1992
4
Formal techniques for OO software development (context) - DE CHAMPEAUX - 1991
4
International Standards Organization (context) - Statement, on et al. - 1987
4
The Procurement of Safety Critical Software in Defence Equip.. (context) - of, Software et al. - 1991
4
Interim Defence Standard (context) - Analysis, of et al. - 1991
4
RIA technical specification no (context) - Software, Signalling' et al. - 1991
4
Engineering risk and hazard assessment (context) - KANDEL, AVNI - 1988
4
Using formal specification for product development (context) - LADEAU, FREEMAN - 1991
4
Hardware integrity (context) - CULLYER - 1985
4
The technology transfer of formal methods: what (context) - COLEMAN - 1990
4
Formal methods for trustworthy computer systems (FM89 (context) - CRAIGEN - 1990
4
Some implications of Def Stan 00-55 on the software engineer.. (context) - TIERNEY - 1991
4
The dream machine (context) - PALFREMAN, SWADE - 1991
4
Programmable Electronic Systems in Safety Related Applicatio.. (context) - Electronic, Safety et al. - 1987
4
Programmable Electronic Systems in Safety Related Applicatio.. (context) - Electronic, Safety et al. - 1987
4
The future of formal methods (context) - THOMAS - 1988
4
A gift from Pandora (context) - PELAEZ - 1988
4
Transputer architectures for sensing in a robot controller: .. (context) - PROBERT, DJIAN - 1991
4
Charles Babbage and his calculating engines (context) - SWADE - 1991
4
Safety critical systems research programme: technical workpl.. (context) - MALCOLM - 1992
4
Software safety (context) - STEIN - 1992
4
Formal verification of AI software (context) - RUSHBY, WHITEHURST - 1989
4
Safety by formal design (context) - STEIN - 1992
4
The identification and discharge of proof obligations (context) - COHEN, PITT - 1990
4
Formal verification of embedded software (context) - BOEBERT - 1980
3
Negotiating arithmetic, constructing proof: the sociology of.. (context) - MACKENZIE - 1991
3
The REDO Compendium of Reverse Engineering for Software Main.. (context) - BOWEN, BREUER et al. - 1992
3
Z Base Standard (context) - NICHOLLS, BRIEN - 1992
3
Technical Report (context) - for, of et al. - 1964
3
Formal Software Development Methods (context) - ABRIAL, LEE et al. - 1991
3
The fangs of the VIPER (context) - MACKENZIE - 1991
3
Subsection on certification of professionals (context) - NEUMANN - 1991
2
Safety-critical computing: hazards, practices, standards and.. (context) - JACKY - 1991
2
Software Engineer (context) - BENNETT, Safety'in - 1991
2
A ProCoS project description: ESPRIT BRA 3104 (context) - BJORNER - 1989
2
Software integrity program (context) - BABEL - 1987
2
British Standards Institute (context) - Proto-Standard', BSI et al. - 1991
2
Carlton House Terrace (context) - analysis, management' et al. - 1992
2
Based on IEC Standard 880 [IEC (context) - for, Computers et al. - 1991
2
Preliminary report on the international study on industrial .. (context) - RALSTON - 1992
2
Adopting mathematically-based methods for safetycritical sys.. (context) - ANDERSON, CLELAND - 1992
2
Risk perceptions and acceptance of computers in critical app.. (context) - PASQUINE, RIZZO - 1992
2
A view on computer systems and their safety in Japan (context) - NATSUME, HASEGAWA - 1992
2
The Whirlwind project (context) - AUGARTEN - 1984
1
The Institution of Electrical Engineers (context) - systems, brief et al. - 1992
1
SafeIT2 -- A Framework for Safety Standards (context) - BLOOMFIELD, BRAZENDALE - 1990
1
ABRIAL, J.R.: `The B reference manual (context) - reference, Portable et al. - 1991
1
Safety of computer control systems 1992 (SAFECOMP (context) - FREY - 1992
1
SafeIT1 -- The Safety of Programmable Electronic Systems (context) - BLOOMFIELD - 1990
1
Of what use is a verified compiler specification
- CURZON - 1992
The graph only includes citing articles where the year of publication is known.
Documents on the same site (http://www.cs.ubc.ca/formalWARE/safety.htm): More
Predicting How Badly "Good" Software can Behave - Jeffrey Voas (1997)
(Correct)
Critical System Properties: Survey and Taxonomy - Rushby (1994)
(Correct)
Formal Methods and their Role in the Certification of Critical.. - Rushby (1995)
(Correct)
Online articles have much greater impact More about CiteSeer.IST Add search form to your site Submit documents Feedback
CiteSeer.IST - Copyright Penn State and NEC