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Abstract:
We consider the complexity of problems related to 2-dimensional texts (2d-texts) described succinctly. In a succinct description, larger rectangular sub-texts are defined in terms of smaller parts in a way similar to that of Lempel-Ziv compression for 1-dimensional texts, or in shortly described strings as in [9], or in hierarchical graphs described by context-free graph grammars. A given 2d-text T with many internal repetitions can have a hierarchical description (denoted Compress(T)) which is up to exponentially smaller and which can be the only part of the input for a pattern-matching algorithm which gives information about T. Such a hierarchical description is given in terms of a straight-line program, see [9] or, equivalently, a 2-dimensional grammar. We consider compressed pattern-matching, where the input consists of a 2d-pattern P and of a hierarchical description of a 2d-text T, and fully compressed pattern-matching, where the input consists of hierarchical descriptions of both the pattern P and the text T. For 1-dimensional strings there exist polynomial-time deterministic algorithms for these problems, for similar types of succinct text descriptions [2, 6, 8, 9]. We show that the complexity dramatically increases in a 2-dimensional setting. For example, compressed 2d-matching is NP-complete, fully compressed 2d-matching is \Sigma P
