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Abstract: This paper discusses the Baldwin effect with respect to the immune system---a learning mechanism that rivals the complexity and computational power of the nervous system. In previous work we used a binary model of the immune system to study the effects of evolution on the genetic representation of antibodies [4]. Here we have extended this model to include "clonal selection," which is the learning process used by the immune system. Once this learning mechanism was incorporated into the model it ... (Update)
Context of citations to this paper: More
.... algorithms have been used to model somatic mutation the process by which antibodies are evolved to recognize a specific antigen [16]. Hajela [12,13] In the proceedings of the Genetic and Evolutionary Computation (GECCO) Conference, July 13 17, 1999, Orlando, pp 149 155....
.... by evolution (the genetic libraries) and the representation that is operative during an individual s life (the expressed antibodies) [20]. Mihaela Oprea then used Hightower s multigene family model as part of a detailed study of the sources and evolutionary signi cance of...
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4: Using genetic algorithms to explore pattern recognition in the immune system - Forrest, Javornik et al. - 1993
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BibTeX entry: (Update)
R. H. Hightower, S. Forrest, and A. S. Perelson. The baldwin effect in the immune system: learning by somatic hypermutation. In R. K. Belew and M. Mitchell, editors, Individual Plasticity in Evolving Populations: Models and Algorithms. Addison-Wesley, in press. http://citeseer.ist.psu.edu/32060.html More
@incollection{ hightower96baldwin,
author = "Ron Hightower and Stephanie Forrest and Alan S. Perelson",
title = "The {B}aldwin Effect in the Immune System: Learning by Somatic Hypermutation",
booktitle = "Adaptive Individuals in Evolving Populations: Models and Algorithms",
publisher = "Addison Wesley",
address = "Reading, MA",
editor = "Richard K. Belew and Melanie Mitchell",
pages = "159--167",
year = "1996",
url = "citeseer.ist.psu.edu/32060.html" }
Citations (may not include all citations):128 How learning can guide evolution (context) - Hinton, Nowlan - 1987
72 A new factor in evolution (context) - Baldwin
29 GENESIS: A System for Using Genetic Search Procedures (context) - Grefenstette - 1984
7 Evolution and learning in neural networks: the number and di.. (context) - Keesing, Stork - 1991
6 Evolution of Secondary Organization in Immune System Gene Li.. - Hightower, Forrest et al. - 1993
3 cells: An optimal control treatment (context) - Kepler, Perelson et al. - 1993
The graph only includes citing articles where the year of publication is known.
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An Updated Demodulation Strategy for Ring Problems - Veroff (1994) (Correct)
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