Long-term memory prediction extends the spatial displacement vector utilized in hybrid video coding by a variable time delay permitting the use of more than one reference frame for motion compensation. This extension leads to improved rate-distortion performance. However, motion compensation in combination with transmission errors leads to temporal error propagation that occurs when the reference frames at coder and decoder dier. In this paper, we present a framework that incorporates an estimated error into rate-constrained motion estimation and mode decision. Experimental results with a Rayleigh fading channel show that long-term memory prediction signicantly outperforms the single-frame prediction H.263-based anchor. When a feedback channel is available, the decoder can inform the encoder about successful or unsuccessful transmission events by sending positive (ACK) or negative (NACK) acknowledgments. This information is utilized for updating the error estimates at the encoder. Similar concepts such as the ACK and NACK mode known from the H.263 standard are unied into a general framework providing superior transmission performance. I.
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F arber Niko Farber (M'99) received a Diplom-Ingenieur degree (Dipl.-Ing) in electrical engineering from the Technical University of Munich
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Stuhlm uller Klaus Stuhlmuller received his diploma in Electrical Engineering from University Erlangen-Nurnberg in
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degree in Electrical Engineering from Georgia Institute of Technology, in 1980 and his Doctoral degree "with highest honours" from University of Hannover
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has authored or co-authored one major textbook and over 200 book chapters, journal articles and conference papers in his and he holds several international patents. He has served as Associate Editor for the "IEEE Transactions on Image Processing&quo
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