Download:
|
by B. R. Badrinath, Pradeep Sudame
In IEEE International Conference on Computer Communications and Networks (ICCCN
http://www.cs.rutgers.edu/~sudame/icnp98.ps.gz
Add To MetaCart
Abstract:
IP multicast is an efficient point-to-multipoint distribution mechanism. However, there are a number of scenarios in which a reverse, multipoint-to-point aggregation mechanism is highly desirable. We introduce a programmable mechanism, called gathercast, to support the aggregation of packets without altering any of the routing or forwarding mechanisms of the Internet. Gathercast is based on active services framework and can be deployed incrementally. It works well within the current IP multicast model. We have implemented it in our own network. One of the aggregation mechanisms that we study in this paper is the combination of small packets using gathercast. Small packets constitute a large fraction of packets in today's Internet. Every packet requires a routing table lookup at every router and incurs the same performance cost irrespective of the size of the packet. Gathercast allows for car pooling, in which multiple small packets to the same destination are combined into a larger packet, thereby reducing the number of packets in the network. Web servers, in particular, are a leading cause of small packets. All the TCP ACKs generated by the clients have the same destination (the web server). These ACKs are just 40 bytes in size. Another example of small packet traffic is ICP (Internet Cache Protocol) queries generated among web proxies. ICP queries are about 60 bytes in size. Gathercast combines such small packets into a larger packet (and regenerates the original packets at the destination), thereby reducing the number of packets seen by routers in the network. Simulation studies show that gathercast-enhanced ICP scales with the number of proxies, and reduces the the number of generated UDP messages by a factor of 16. Simulation studies also show 11 % to 68 % reduction in packet loss and 2 % to 30 % improvement in performance of busy web servers when used in conjunction with gathercast. 1
Citations
|
956
|
A reliable multicast framework for light-weight sessions and application level framing
– Floyd, Jacobson, et al.
- 1997
|
|
941
|
Multicast Routing in a Datagram Internetwork", Stanford
– Deering
- 1991
|
|
457
|
Summary Cache: A Scalable Wide-Area Web Cache Sharing Protocol
– Fan, Cao, et al.
|
|
445
|
A survey of active network research
– Tennenhouse, Smith, et al.
- 1997
|
|
282
|
An Active Service Framework and its Application to realtime Multimedia Transcoding
– Amir, McCanne, et al.
|
|
223
|
Eliminating Receive Livelock in an Interrupt-Driven Kernel
– Mogul, Ramakrishnan
- 1997
|
|
167
|
The Nature of the Beast: Recent Traffic Measurements from an Internet Backbone
– Miller, Thompson
- 1998
|
|
160
|
An Error Control Scheme for Large-Scale Multicast Applications
– Papadopoulos, Parulkar
|
|
130
|
TCP behavior of a busy internet server: Analysis and improvements
– Balakrishnan, Padmanabhan, et al.
- 1998
|
|
130
|
Router Plugins: A Software Architecture for Next Generation Routers
– Decasper, Dittia, et al.
- 2000
|
|
130
|
A better model for generating test networks
– Doar
|
|
95
|
A Framework for Multiprotocol Label Switching
– Callon
- 1998
|
|
89
|
Active Reliable Multicast
– Lehman, Garland, et al.
- 1998
|
|
80
|
Cache digests
– Rousskov, Wessels
- 1998
|
|
60
|
Efficient policies for carrying Web traffic over flow-switched networks
– Feldmann, Rexford, et al.
- 1998
|
|
58
|
The Active IP Option
– Wetherall
- 1996
|
|
46
|
Protocol independent multicast version 2 dense mode specification. Internet Draft
– Deering, Estrin, et al.
- 1999
|
|
34
|
Transformer tunnels: A framework for providing route-specific adaptations
– Sudame, Badrinath
- 1998
|
|
30
|
PGM reliable transport protocol specification
– Speakman, Crowcroft, et al.
- 2001
|
|
29
|
Adaptive multicast of multi-layered video: Rate-based and creditbased approaches
– Vickers, Albuquerque, et al.
- 1998
|
|
17
|
et al., “Detour: a case for informed internet routing and transport
– Savage
- 1998
|
|
17
|
Rfc 1075, distance vector multicast routing protocol
– Waitzman, Partridge, et al.
- 1988
|
|
11
|
Reservations for Aggregate Traffic: Experiences from an RSVP Tunnels Implementation,” The
– Terzis, Zhang, et al.
- 1998
|
|
10
|
Badrinath and Pradeep Sudame. Gathercast: The design and implementation of a programmable aggregation mechanism for the Internet
– R
- 2000
|
|
6
|
Digital’s web proxy traces
– Kroeger, Mogul
- 1998
|
|
5
|
RFC 2201: Core Based Trees (CBT) multicast routing architecture
– Ballardie
- 1997
|
|
3
|
E#cient policies for carrying Web tra#c over flow-switched networks
– Feldmann, Rexford, et al.
- 1998
|
|
2
|
Tutorial: Insight into current web caching issues. http://ircache.nlanr.net/Cache/Learn
– Claffy, Wessels
|
|
2
|
Computer Networks, chapter The Transport Layer
– Tanenbaum
- 1996
|
|
1
|
documentation pages
– Cisco
|
|
1
|
Jim des Rivieres. The responsive environment
– Elord, Hall, et al.
- 1993
|
|
1
|
Keynote address
– Cerf
- 1997
|
|
1
|
but don't jump for scalable lower-layer forwarding of best-effort traffic
– Hop
- 1997
|
|
1
|
Is active networking the next hot issue of computer networking research
– Panel
- 1997
|
|
1
|
2105: tag switching architecture --- overview
– RFC
- 1997
|
|
1
|
Detour: A case for informed Internet routing and transport
– Collins
- 1999
|
|
1
|
et al. Hypertext Transfer Protocol -- HTTP/1.1
– Feilding, Gettys
- 1998
|
|
1
|
Reservations for aggregate tra#c : Experiences from an RSVP tunnels implementation
– Terzis, Zhang, et al.
- 1998
|
