A weakness of many interactive visual programming languages (VPLs) is their static representations. Lack of an adequate static representation places a heavy cognitive burden on a VPL's programmers, because they must remember potentially long dynamic sequences of screen displays in order to understand a previously-written program. However, although this problem is widely acknowledged, research on how to design better static representations for interactive VPLs is still in its infancy. Building upon the cognitive dimensions developed for programming languages by cognitive psychologists Green and others, we have developed a set of concrete benchmarks for VPL designers to use when designing new static representations. These benchmarks provide design-time information that can be used to improve a VPL's static representation. 1
|
481
|
The psychology of human-computer interaction
– Card, Moran, et al.
- 1983
|
|
224
|
Usability Analysis of Visual Programming Environments: A 'Cognitive Dimensions' Framework
– Green, Petre
- 1996
|
|
182
|
Heuristic evaluation of user interfaces
– Nielsen, Molich
- 1990
|
|
147
|
Taxonomies of visual programming and program visualization
– Myers
- 1990
|
|
126
|
A Small Matter of Programming: Perspectives on End-User Computing
– Nardi
- 1993
|
|
112
|
looking isn’t always seeing: Readership skills and graphical programming
– Petre, Why
- 1995
|
|
92
|
Finding usability problems through heuristic evaluation
– Nielsen
- 1992
|
|
68
|
Prograph: a step towards liberating programming from textual conditioning
– Cox
- 1989
|
|
61
|
Comprehensibility of visual and textual programs: a test of ‘Superlativism’ against the ‘match-mismatch’ conjecture
– Green, Petre, et al.
- 1991
|
|
59
|
Experimental study of people creating spreadsheets
– Brown, Gould
- 1987
|
|
52
|
Interactive Visual Data Abstraction in a Declarative Visual Programming Language
– Burnett, Ambler
- 1994
|
|
44
|
The Psychology of Human-computer Interaction. Erlbaum
– Card, Moran, et al.
- 1983
|
|
42
|
Refining the Test Phase of Usability Evaluation: How Many Subjects is Enough
– Virzi
- 1992
|
|
37
|
Graph Drawing Aesthetics and the
– Purchase, McGill, et al.
- 2001
|
|
36
|
Layout appropriateness: A metric for evaluating user interface widget layout
– Sears
- 1993
|
|
32
|
Scaling up visual programming languages
– Burnett, Baker, et al.
- 1995
|
|
31
|
From programming environments to environments for designing
– Winograd
- 1995
|
|
27
|
Comparing the comprehensibility of textual and graphical programs: the case for Petri nets
– Moher, Mak, et al.
- 1993
|
|
23
|
Describing information artifacts with cognitive dimensions and structure maps
– Green
- 1991
|
|
21
|
Visual Programming in a Visual Domain: A Case Study of Cognitive Dimensions
– Modugno, Green, et al.
- 1994
|
|
21
|
Usability testing of a graphical programming system: things we missed in a programming walkthrough
– Bell, Rieman, et al.
- 1991
|
|
16
|
QBE: A Language for Office and Business Automation
– Zloof
- 1981
|
|
15
|
A study of computer-supported user interface evaluation using maximal repeating pattern analysis
– Siochi, Hix
- 1991
|
|
10
|
Visual programming using structured dataflow
– Kodosky
- 1991
|
|
9
|
From Concrete Forms to Generalized Abstractions through Perspective-Oriented Analysis of Logical Relationships
– Yang, Burnett
- 1994
|
|
8
|
Query by Example: a Data Base Language
– Zloof
- 1977
|
|
7
|
Display-Based Problems in Spreadsheets: A Critical Incident and a Design Remedy
– Hendry
- 1995
|
|
6
|
Reducing the Cognitive Requirements of Visual Programming
– Yazdani, Ford
- 1996
|
|
5
|
RBE: Rendering By Example
– Krishnamurthy, Zloof
- 1995
|
|
4
|
Characterizing PBD systems
– Cypher, Kosbie, et al.
- 1993
|
|
3
|
Using the programming walkthrough to aid in programming language design
– Bell, Citrin, et al.
- 1994
|
|
2
|
Towards a software metrics for visual programming
– Glinert
- 1989
|
|
2
|
Scaling up visual programming languages", Computer
– Burnett, Baker, et al.
- 1995
|
|
1
|
IC by example: empowering the uninitiated to construct database applications
– Zloof
- 1994
|
|
1
|
Evaluation of visual programming languages and environments
– Bell
- 1994
|
|
